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Laws of the Shekel-coin Contribution
Laws of Worship of God
Sources
A
§ After determining the source of the
halakhot
in the mishna, the Gemara analyzes those
halakhot
. The mishna teaches:
An unpaid bailee does not take an oath
if these items were stolen or lost.
And
the Gemara
raises a contradiction
from a mishna. Half-shekels were donated by the people during the month of Adar and placed in a special chamber in the Temple, from where, as needed, some of the shekels were taken for use in purchasing public offerings in the coming months. This was done in order to give all of the Jewish people a share in those public offerings…
Bava Metzia 57b:18-58a:7
The Gemara relates: There was
a certain man who slapped another. Rav Toviya bar Mattana sent
an enquiry
before Rav Yosef,
asking him whether the
sela
we learned
about in the mishna is referring to
a Tyrian
sela
,
which is worth four dinars,
or
whether the
sela
we learned
about in the mishna is referring to
a provincial
sela
,
worth only half of a dinar, or one-eighth of a Tyrian
sela
.
Bava Kamma 36b:12
With regard to the
thirty
shekels paid to the owner
of
a Canaanite
slave
who is killed by an ox (see Exodus 21:32), and the
fifty
shekels paid
by a rapist
(see Deuteronomy 22:29)
and by a seducer
(see Exodus 22:16) of a young virgin woman,
and
the
one hundred
shekels paid
by the defamer
of his bride with the claim that she is not a virgin (see Deuteronomy 22:19),
all of them,
even those cases where the word shekel is not explicitly written, are paid
in the shekel of the Sanctuary…
Bekhorot 49b:11-50b:1
Rabbi Tavi said
that
Rabbi Yoshiyya said:
It is
as the verse states: “This is the burnt-offering of each New Moon in its renewal
throughout the months of the year” (Numbers 28:14).
The Torah says:
There is a month in which you must begin to
renew and bring the
daily and additional
offering from
animals purchased with
the new collections
of half-shekels collected that year. Each year a collection is made with which to finance the purchase of communal offerings for the following year…
Megillah 29b:3-6
Rabba says:
The issue of whether,
in
the case of
ownerless
property,
viewing
effects acquisition of it
is
a dispute between
tanna’im
. As we learned
in a mishna (
Shekalim
9b): The
watchmen of
the
sefiḥim
,
grain that grew without being purposely planted,
of the Sabbatical
Year ensured that people did not take this ownerless grain, so that it remained available to be used for the
omer
offering and the two loaves, i.e., the public offering on
Shavuot
of two loaves from the new wheat…
Bava Metzia 118a:17
The Gemara asks: To
which
of the
halakhot
of
Rabbi Yosei
is this referring? From which of Rabbi Yosei’s statements is this conclusion derived?
If we say
it is the statement of
Rabbi Yosei
with regard to
containers,
this is problematic.
As we learned
in a mishna that
Rabbi Yosei says:
There were
three containers of three
se’a
each, with which they collect the donation from the chamber.
Every year the money donated to the Temple by the people in the month of Adar was placed in a special chamber…
Yoma 62a:3
And we also learned
similarly in a mishna (
Shekalim
3:2):
The one who collects the funds
of shekels donated to the Temple from the chamber and puts them into baskets in order to be used
may not enter
to collect the funds
wearing a garment [
pargod
] that is cuffed [
ḥafut
], nor wearing an
anpileya
, and needless to say
that he may not enter wearing
a shoe or a sandal, because one may not enter
the Temple
courtyard wearing a shoe or a sandal…
Yevamot 102b:17
Rava said: This
following
tanna
also
holds that the gold
coins
are currency, as it is taught
in a
baraita
: The
peruta
of
which
the Sages
spoke
in all places in the mishna is
one-eighth of an Italian
issar
.
The Gemara asks:
What is the
practical
difference
that emerges from this calculation? Ostensibly, a
peruta
is a
peruta
. The Gemara explains: Its consequences are
for the betrothal of a woman
with money…
Bava Metzia 44b:7
§
We learned
in a mishna
elsewhere
(
Shekalim
4:1): The
guards
who are appointed by the court to protect some
of
the
produce that grew without being purposely planted [
sefiḥin
] during the Sabbatical
Year, in order that it can be used for the
omer
and the offering of the two loaves,
collect their wages from the collection of the
Temple treasury
chamber.
Menachot 84a:4
The Gemara continues the question:
But why
should one be liable for using the old shekels?
Let us say
the same logic: One is not liable,
because they were
initially
given
on the condition that people may
benefit
from them,
since the Torah was not given to
the
ministering angels
and people could not help but benefit from them. This is
as
the money to repair
the wall of the city and its towers comes from the remainder of the chamber, as we learned
in a mishna (
Shekalim
4:2):
The wall of the city, its towers…
Kiddushin 54a:5
§
Rav Yehuda said
that
Rav Asi said: Those who issue decrees in Jerusalem would take their wages, ninety-nine
maneh
,
equal to 9,900 dinars per year,
from the collection of the
Temple treasury
chamber.
If
they did not wish
to do so,
one adds
to their wages. The Gemara asks: What is the meaning of the phrase: If
they did not wish
to do so? Does this mean that if they desired higher wages, they were paid more?
Is that to say
that
we are dealing with wicked
people who demand wages beyond what they need?
Rather…
Ketubot 105a:7
With regard to
brothers who are partners
in the inheritance of their father,
when they are obligated to
add
the premium [
kalbon
]
to their annual half-shekel payment to the Temple,
they are exempt from animal tithe; when they are obligated to
separate
animal tithe, they are exempt from
adding
the premium.
Partners who pay the half-shekel are required to add the premium and are exempt from animal tithe. If they are not true partners, but their inheritance remains the property of the father, the sons are exempt from paying the premium…
Chullin 25b:10
MISHNA:
With regard to
brothers and partners,
i.e., brothers who are partners in the inheritance of their father,
when they are obligated to
add
the premium [
bakalbon
]
to their annual half-shekel payment to the Temple
they are exempt from animal tithe.
Conversely, those whose halakhic status is like that of sons who are supported by their father and
are obligated to
separate
animal tithe are exempt from
adding
the premium.
Bekhorot 56b:7
Rava explains:
If the first
of the three readers called to the Torah
read four
verses,
he is praiseworthy
because the first in a series is privileged,
as we learned
in a mishna (
Shekalim
8a): One
removes
the funds
from the
Temple treasury
chamber,
in order to use them for purchasing communal offerings and attending to other needs of the Temple,
with three
large
baskets,
each measuring
three
se’a
. On
the baskets
is written,
respectively,
alef
,
beit
,
gimmel
…
Megillah 21b:12
§ The Gemara returns to the issue of those who receive their wages from public funds.
Rabbi Yitzḥak bar Redifa said
that
Rabbi Ami said: Inspectors of blemishes
of consecrated animals
in Jerusalem,
who would examine all animals brought to be sacrificed in the Temple to verify that they were free of any blemishes that would disqualify them from being sacrificed on the altar,
would take their wages from the collection of the
Temple treasury
chamber. Rav Yehuda said
that
Shmuel said: Torah scholars who teach the
halakhot
of slaughter to the priests
…
Ketubot 106a:8-106b:11
The Gemara asks:
And does Rav Naḥman hold
that
there is
retroactive
designation? But didn’t we learn
in a mishna (
Shekalim
1:7): If
brothers
divided up inherited property among themselves and subsequently joined their property again and became
partners, they are obligated to
add
a
kalbon
,
a small coin, to the obligatory half-shekel yearly Temple donation. The
kalbon
covered both the cost to the Temple of exchanging half-shekels into larger coins and the depreciation of the donated coin…
Beitzah 39b:5
It is a positive commandment from the Torah that every adult Jewish male give a half-shekel each and every year. Even a poor man who derives his livelihood from charity is obligated [to make this donation]. He should borrow from others or sell the clothes he is wearing so that he can give a half-shekel of silver, as [Exodus 30:15] states: "The rich shall not give more, nor should the poor give less."
[The half-shekel] should not be given in several partial payments - today a portion, tomorrow a portion. Instead, it is to be given all at once…
Mishneh Torah, Sheqel Dues 1-4
§
We learned
in a mishna
there
(
Shekalim
18b): There were
six
collection horns in the Temple
for
the collection of donations for communal
gift
offerings, i.e., burnt offerings that were sacrificed when the altar was idle. The Gemara asks:
To what
did these six horns
correspond?
The Gemara gives
a mnemonic
for the names of the five Sages who give answers to this question:
Kuf
,
mem
,
peh
,
shin
,
ayin
.
…
Menachot 107b:15-108a:6
There are
those
who say
that there is a different version of this discussion:
Rava said:
It can be explained
that everyone
agrees that
in
the case of
ownerless
property,
viewing does not effect acquisition
of it,
and here,
concerning the
omer
offering,
they disagree with regard to
the question of whether
we are concerned about violent people
that may come and seize the grain for themselves.
As the first
tanna
holds that the Sages instituted
a directive
to give him four dinars…
Bava Metzia 118a:22
Rabbi Yosei said:
That was not always the case. There was
an incident where
a person named
Arsela led
the goat to the wilderness,
and he was an Israelite. And they made a ramp for
the goat
due to the Babylonian
Jews who were in Jerusalem,
who would pluck at
the goat’s
hair and
would
say to
the goat:
Take
our sins
and go, take
our sins
and go,
and do not leave them with us.
Yoma 66a:12
Laws of Worship of God
דיני עבודת השם
Definition and Prohibition of Idolatry
Laws of Objects of Foreign Worship
Laws of Dissociation from Idolatry and its Worshippers
Gentile Practices of the Body and Clothing
Laws of the Shekel-coin Contribution
Laws of Gifts to the Priesthood
Additional Gifts to the Priesthood
Laws of Temple Workers
Laws of Building the Temple and its Furnishings
The Temple Building
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