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You're My Person: Noticing Others, Changing Ourselves

This sourcesheet and learning program is dedicated לעילוי נשמת בתשבע חיה בת נועם יגאל ורנה.

"When the kids get bored you'll lead them on adventures and maybe sneak a peek at Hashem indeed playing with the Leviathan. You get them up from sitting all day and get them moving to a vigorous Zumba routine. If they behave really well, I am sure you'll find a way to have them watch the latest episode of 'Grey's Anatomy.'"

-excerpt from Rabbi Marianne Novak's hesped (eulogy) for Batsheva

Excerpt from 'You're my person: How Grey's Anatomy created a stand in for 'soul-mate' (The Washington Post, link here)

The interesting thing about this term (a sort of secular version of “soul mate”) is that it began as a signifier of platonic love, not romance. Then the love birds swooped in and adopted it.

The term was coined over a decade ago on “Grey’s Anatomy” — to describe the deep bond between best friends Cristina Yang (Sandra Oh) and Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo). The first time it’s uttered, they’re seated at Joe’s Bar when Cristina matter-of-factly tells Meredith that she put her name down as an emergency contact for an abortion she has scheduled. “The clinic has a policy. They wouldn’t let me confirm my appointment unless I designated an emergency contact person, someone to be there just in case and to help me home, you know, after. Anyway, I put your name down. That’s why I told you I’m pregnant. You’re my person,” Cristina says.

“I am?” Meredith responds. She doesn’t ask, “What is that?” She just gets it. Which is hallmark behavior from one “person” to another. It’s someone who understands what you’re thinking or feeling, no explanation required.

Cristina ends up having a miscarriage and does not go to that appointment. But she and Meredith continue showing up for one another in the moments that matter most. Cristina sits watch when Meredith is close to death. Meredith helps Cristina out of her wedding dress when she realizes she can’t go through with her wedding to fellow surgeon Preston Burke. Of Meredith, Cristina says: “If I murdered someone, she’s the person I’d call to help drag the corpse across the living room floor.” And Meredith tells Cristina: “You’re my sister. You’re my family. You’re all I’ve got.”

That’s the beauty of the term — it’s not defined by blood or by law. Your person can be constant, or it can change. The term emerged right as it was becoming clear that millennials would be delaying marriage while investing in their friendships and their careers. Until there is a life partner in the picture, or even if there never is one, we need a word for the people who show up for us like Cristina and Meredith do for one another.

[...]

Esther Lee, a senior news editor at the wedding website the Knot, refers to her best friend as her “person,” but acknowledges that a would-be husband might usurp that title someday. “What I love about the term is that it’s applicable to anyone from a best friend to a parent to a significant other,” Lee said in an interview. Whoever your person is, she added, they’re your champion — advocating for you and cheering you on — while also delivering tough love when needed.

Questions to Consider

1. Do you have a 'person?' What makes them your person?

2. How did you meet your person?

3. What are some of the qualities that come to mind when you think of your person/ what character traits do they have?

4. Are you somebody else's person? How did you become that for them?

In order to have a person, or be someone's person, you need to feel a sense of connection to them. Brene Brown is a professor, lecturer, author and podcast host who has studied shame, courage, vulnerability and empathy for two decades. Here's her take.

Transcript from a video by Brene Brown on Empathy (video link here)

So what is empathy, and why is it very different than sympathy? Empathy fuels connection. Sympathy drives disconnection. Empathy, it’s very interesting. Teresa Wiseman is a nursing scholar who studied professions – very diverse professions – where empathy is relevant and came up with four qualities of empathy – perspective taking, the ability to take the perspective of another person or recognize their perspective as their truth, staying out of judgement – not easy when you enjoy it as much as most of us do – recognizing emotion in other people, and then communicating that.

Empathy is feeling with people.

And to me, I always think of empathy as this kind of sacred space when someone is kind of in a deep hole, and they shout out from the bottom and they say, I’m stuck. It’s dark. I’m overwhelmed. And then we look and we say, hey, I’m down. I know what it’s like down here, and you’re not alone.

Sympathy is (there’s an image onscreen of a person peering into a hole from above and clucking their tongue saying), oh, it’s bad, uh-huh. No. Do you want a sandwich?

[Laughter from audience.]

Empathy is a choice, and it’s a vulnerable choice. Because in order to connect with you, I have to connect with something in myself that knows that feeling. Rarely, if ever, does an empathic response begin with ‘at least’.

And we do it all the time. Because you know what? Someone just shared something with us that’s incredibly painful, and we’re trying to silver lining it. I don’t think that’s a verb, but I’m using it as one. We’re trying to put the silver lining around it.

So [let’s say someone shares] I had a miscarriage.

[The silver lining person responds] Oh, at least you know you can get pregnant.

[Someone shares] I think my marriage is falling apart.

[The silver lining person responds] At least you have a marriage.

[Laughter because the audience realizes how terrible of a response that is.]

[Someone shares] John’s getting kicked out of school.

[The silver lining person responds] At least Sarah is an A student.

But one of the things we do sometimes in the face of very difficult conversations is we try to make things better. If I share something with you that’s very difficult, I’d rather you say I don’t even know what to say right now. I’m just so glad you told me. Because the truth is rarely can a response make something better. What makes something better is connection.

So how do we connect with others? Well, the first step is NOTICING them. Noticing they are there. Noticing their needs. Because it's only once we notice them that we can choose whether, how and why to respond. So tonight we're going to look at people who noticed, and what noticing looks like. And what we'll see is that noticing doesn't only affect the person who is seen. Noticing affects YOU, the person who saw someone.

BAT PHAROAH

(ה) וַתֵּ֤רֶד בַּת־פַּרְעֹה֙ לִרְחֹ֣ץ עַל־הַיְאֹ֔ר וְנַעֲרֹתֶ֥יהָ הֹלְכֹ֖ת עַל־יַ֣ד הַיְאֹ֑ר וַתֵּ֤רֶא אֶת־הַתֵּבָה֙ בְּת֣וֹךְ הַסּ֔וּף וַתִּשְׁלַ֥ח אֶת־אֲמָתָ֖הּ וַתִּקָּחֶֽהָ (ו) וַתִּפְתַּח֙ וַתִּרְאֵ֣הוּ אֶת־הַיֶּ֔לֶד וְהִנֵּה־נַ֖עַר בֹּכֶ֑ה וַתַּחְמֹ֣ל עָלָ֔יו וַתֹּ֕אמֶר מִיַּלְדֵ֥י הָֽעִבְרִ֖ים זֶֽה׃ (ז) וַתֹּ֣אמֶר אֲחֹתוֹ֮ אֶל־בַּת־פַּרְעֹה֒ הַאֵלֵ֗ךְ וְקָרָ֤אתִי לָךְ֙ אִשָּׁ֣ה מֵינֶ֔קֶת מִ֖ן הָעִבְרִיֹּ֑ת וְתֵינִ֥ק לָ֖ךְ אֶת־הַיָּֽלֶד׃ (ח) וַתֹּֽאמֶר־לָ֥הּ בַּת־פַּרְעֹ֖ה לֵ֑כִי וַתֵּ֙לֶךְ֙ הָֽעַלְמָ֔ה וַתִּקְרָ֖א אֶת־אֵ֥ם הַיָּֽלֶד׃ (ט) וַתֹּ֧אמֶר לָ֣הּ בַּת־פַּרְעֹ֗ה הֵילִ֜יכִי אֶת־הַיֶּ֤לֶד הַזֶּה֙ וְהֵינִקִ֣הוּ לִ֔י וַאֲנִ֖י אֶתֵּ֣ן אֶת־שְׂכָרֵ֑ךְ וַתִּקַּ֧ח הָאִשָּׁ֛ה הַיֶּ֖לֶד וַתְּנִיקֵֽהוּ׃ (י) וַיִגְדַּ֣ל הַיֶּ֗לֶד וַתְּבִאֵ֙הוּ֙ לְבַת־פַּרְעֹ֔ה וַֽיְהִי־לָ֖הּ לְבֵ֑ן וַתִּקְרָ֤א שְׁמוֹ֙ מֹשֶׁ֔ה וַתֹּ֕אמֶר כִּ֥י מִן־הַמַּ֖יִם מְשִׁיתִֽהוּ׃ (יא) וַיְהִ֣י ׀ בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֗ם וַיִּגְדַּ֤ל מֹשֶׁה֙ וַיֵּצֵ֣א אֶל־אֶחָ֔יו וַיַּ֖רְא בְּסִבְלֹתָ֑ם וַיַּרְא֙ אִ֣ישׁ מִצְרִ֔י מַכֶּ֥ה אִישׁ־עִבְרִ֖י מֵאֶחָֽיו׃ (יב) וַיִּ֤פֶן כֹּה֙ וָכֹ֔ה וַיַּ֖רְא כִּ֣י אֵ֣ין אִ֑ישׁ וַיַּךְ֙ אֶת־הַמִּצְרִ֔י וַֽיִּטְמְנֵ֖הוּ בַּחֽוֹל׃

(5) The daughter of Pharaoh came down to bathe in the Nile, while her maidens walked along the Nile. She spied the basket among the reeds and sent her slave girl to fetch it. (6) When she opened it, she saw that it was a child, a boy crying. She took pity on it and said, “This must be a Hebrew child.” (7) Then his sister said to Pharaoh’s daughter, “Shall I go and get you a Hebrew nurse to suckle the child for you?” (8) And Pharaoh’s daughter answered, “Yes.” So the girl went and called the child’s mother. (9) And Pharaoh’s daughter said to her, “Take this child and nurse it for me, and I will pay your wages.” So the woman took the child and nursed it. (10) When the child grew up, she brought him to Pharaoh’s daughter, who made him her son. She named him Moses, explaining, “I drew him out of the water.” (11) Some time after that, when Moses had grown up, he went out to his kinsfolk and witnessed their labors. He saw an Egyptian beating a Hebrew, one of his kinsmen. (12) He turned this way and that and, seeing no one about, he struck down the Egyptian and hid him in the sand.

Questions to Consider

1. What did Bat Pharoah notice?

2. How would the story have been different if she hadn't noticed?

3. What does Bat Pharoah decide to do after noticing?

4. What is the child named? Why is that name significant? Is this the name he is known by throughout the rest of the Torah?

5. What do you notice about the grown Moshe and WHO/ WHAT HE NOTICES?

Excerpt from 'The Double Birth of Moshe' by Rav Elchanan Samet (link to full essay here)

The crux of the "exchange of mothers" is perceived correctly by R. Tee as being expressed in the naming of the child. The right to choose the child's name is often reserved for the mother in biblical stories describing a birth, while in our case this right is reserved for Pharaoh's daughter. Moshe must certainly have had a name by which he was known to his biological parents during those two or three years that he spent in their home until he was weaned and handed back to Pharaoh's daughter. But the text does not reveal it to us; instead, it records only the name given to him by Pharaoh's daughter, thereby confirming and approving the legality of her status of motherhood.

[...]

Is "Moshe" the original name that Pharaoh's daughter gives the child? This possibility encounters two problems: firstly, she did not speak Hebrew; why would she give her adopted son a Hebrew name that would be out of place in his royal Egyptian environment? Secondly, if she gave him a Hebrew name that was meant to hint at the circumstances of the beginning of their relationship – "For I drew him out of the water" – then his name in Hebrew should be "Mashui" ("drawn"), not "Moshe." This question remains pertinent even if we were to conjecture that that "Moshe" is the Hebrew translation of the original name in Egyptian that Pharaoh's daughter gave him.

Prof. U. Cassuto addresses these questions in his commentary on Sefer Shemot:

"The matter may be explained differently. First it is written (verse 10), 'And he became a SON unto her, and she called his name MOSHE' – in other words, the ýEgyptian word for 'son' is 'Moshe.' Thereafter, following the Torah's way of explaining names – since the sound of the name in Egyptian is reminiscent of the sound of the Hebrew verb m-sh-h – it was AS IF SHE THOUGHT ('and she said' = 'and she thought'), 'for I drew him out of the water.'"

"Moshe" is therefore an Egyptian name, meaning – in ancient Egyptian – "son." Pharaoh's daughter is thus declaring that the child she is adopting is her legal son, and accordingly she is giving him his name: "And he became a son to her – and she called his name 'a son.'"

But further along, Cassuto's explanation becomes forced: how does the text attribute to Pharaoh's daughter a midrashic reason for the name in accordance with the Hebrew language and with a completely different meaning that her original intention – a meaning that could not possibly have occurred to her?

The Netziv (Ha'amek Davar, Shemot 2:10) was familiar with this explanation for the name "Moshe," based on the ancient Egyptian, and accepted it. His explanation of verse 10 solves the problem that we raised above concerning Cassuto's interpretation:

"'And he became a son unto her' – Since she saved him from death and also raised him, it was considered as though she had given birth to him, as she says: 'And she called his name Moshe.' And I have seen written in the name of R. Shemuel of Bohemia, that in the Egyptian language, this word in this form means 'son'… and this interpretation is correct.

Thus she explains the reason why the child is hers: 'for I drew him out of the water' – for it is as if he drowned in the river, and so his father and mother have no portion in him, and I am the mother of the child. This is truly called acquiring a person…

According to our words, the word 'meshitihu' (I drew him out) is not related to the name Moshe, but rather is the explanation that she called him ["son," i.e.] Moshe.

In any event, this is the way of the holy language – to present a play on words."

In other words, Pharaoh's daughter does in fact explain the name that she gives the child (Moshe, meaning in Egyptian 'my son,' or 'my child') by the fact that she saved him from drowning in the river, thereby acquiring him for herself. When the Torah comes to translate her thought or her statement – which was formulated in Egyptian – into Hebrew, it does so through a play on words. Therefore there is no discrepancy between the name "Moshe" and its reason – "for I drew him outwater," for the reason pertains not to the etymology of the name (which is actually Egyptian), but rather to its essentially legal nature.

[...]

Why was it necessary for Moshe – future savior of Israel – to be "reborn" in the unique circumstances described in our parasha? Why was it necessary for him to pass from his biological, Jewish mother to an adoptive Egyptian mother? Why did this adoptive mother have to be the daughter of Pharaoh?

[...]

Moshe's education in the Egyptian royal palace presented a danger from the opposite direction: the danger of identification with the oppressor and the social norms prevalent in Egypt, out of a sense of belonging to the royal family. This danger appears even more severe, and no less likely, than its predecessor.

It appears from the story that Pharaoh's daughter never tried to blur Moshe's origins, the fact that he was "one of the Hebrew children," and therefore she agreed to give him to "a wet-nurse from among the Hebrews." From the fact that Moshe later "went out to his brothers," we learn that he was aware of his ethnic origin. But the danger was that Moshe himself, who had grown up in the Egyptian palace, would seek to deny his origin.

Here we must pay attention to the identity of Moshe's "second mother," in whose home Moshe was educated. She was the daughter of Pharaoh who, in the crucial moral test that she faced at the river, made her decision and acted against her father's decree, showing compassion on the Hebrew baby. According to her father's decree, he should have been cast into the river to die. By saving the Hebrew baby's life, and by adopting him as her son, Pharaoh's daughter gave wordless expression to her opposition to her father's policy of enslavement and murder.

Since Pharaoh's daughter made no attempt to hide the fact that Moshe was an Israelite, we see that she did not act out of motives of personal gain. Moshe was aware that he was an Israelite, and presumably opposed the oppression of his nation. It is likely that Moshe's excursion to witness the suffering of his brothers was actually inspired and encouraged by his adoptive mother.

Although Moshe grows up in the Egyptian palace, his name and the circumstances that brought about his upbringing there – which had never been hidden from him by his adoptive mother – constantly reminded him of his origins and identity, and this sharpened the fundamental difference between himself – a refugee born of an oppressed nation – and his noble Egyptian surroundings.

Thus, paradoxically, it was specifically Moshe's upbringing in the very heart of evil – in Pharaoh's palace – that gave him the ability to negate completely the enslavement of his nation and to regard it as an injustice requiring correction.

Questions to Consider

1. Why is Moshe called 'Moshe' throughout the narrative? How does this honor Bat Pharaoh?

2. How does Rav Samet conceive of Bat Pharaoh's beliefs/ ideology?

3. How does Moses become Moses (who is he channelling)?

4. How did Bat Pharaoh's act of noticing (and acting upon what she noticed) lead to positive outcomes not only for Moshe but even for her?

(ג) רַבִּי סִימוֹן בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי וְרַבִּי חָמָא אֲבוּהָ דְּרַבִּי הוֹשַׁעְיָא בְּשֵׁם רַב, אָמְרֵי, לֹא נִתַּן דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים אֶלָּא לִדָּרֵשׁ, (דברי הימים א ד, יח): וְאִשְׁתּוֹ הַיְּהֻדִיָּה יָלְדָה אֶת יֶרֶד אֲבִי גְדוֹר וגו', וְאִשְׁתּוֹ הַיְּהֻדִיָּה, [......]. (דברי הימים א ד, יח): וְאֵלֶּה בְּנֵי בִּתְיָה בַת פַּרְעֹה, רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ דְּסִכְנִין בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי לֵוִי אָמַר לָהּ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְבִתְיָה בַּת פַּרְעֹה, משֶׁה לֹא הָיָה בְּנֵךְ וּקְרָאתוֹ בְּנֵךְ, אַף אַתְּ לֹא אַתְּ בִּתִּי וַאֲנִי קוֹרֵא אוֹתָךְ בִּתִּי, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: אֵלֶּה בְּנֵי בִּתְיָה, בַּת יָהּ. (דברי הימים א ד, יח): אֲשֶׁר לָקַח [לו] מָרֶד, זֶה כָּלֵב. רַבִּי אַבָּא בַּר כַּהֲנָא וְרַבִּי יְהוּדָה בַּר סִימוֹן חַד אָמַר זֶה מָרַד בַּעֲצַת מְרַגְּלִים וְזוֹ מָרְדָה בַּעֲצַת אָבִיהָ, יָבוֹא מוֹרֵד וְיִקַּח אֶת הַמּוֹרָדֶת. וְחַד אָמַר זֶה הִצִּיל אֶת הַצֹּאן וְזוֹ הִצִּילָה אֶת הָרוֹעֶה.

Rabbi Simon in the name of Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi and Rabbi Chama Avuha d'Rabbi Hoshaniah in the name of Rav stated "The Book of Chronicles was given in order to expound..." and it states in I Chronicles 4:18 "and his wife Hajehudijah bore Jered the father of Gedor, and Heber the father of Soco, and Jekuthiel the father of Zanoah--and these are the sons of Bithiah the daughter of Pharaoh whom Mered took".

Rabbi Yehoshua d'Sichnin in the name of Rabbi Levi said, "The Holy One, Blessed Be He, said to Bityah daughter of Pharaoh, 'Moses was not your son but you called him your son- you are not my daughter but I will call you my daughter" as it says in I Chronicles 4:18 "These are the sons of Bityah, which can be understood as Bat Yah, daughter of God."

"Whom Mered took"- This is Caleb [from the episode with the spies].

Rabbi Abba bar Kahana and Rabbi Yehuda bar Simon - one said "this one rebelled against the advice of the spies and this one rebelled against the advice of her father, this rebel should come and marry that rebel." And one said "This one (Caleb) saved the sheep (nation) and this one saved the shepherd (Moses)" [which is why they are suited to each other].

Questions to Consider

According to this Midrash...

1. What happens to Bat Pharaoh?

2. How is she rewarded for her actions?

3. Why is she suited to her husband?

4. How do all these outcomes come from her initial NOTICING (and empathy leading to kindness)?

RABBI AKIVA'S DAUGHTER

Excerpt from Newsweek article 'Bridezillas and the Rise of the Me, Me, Me Weddings' (link here)

When I got married last October, all I heard were variants of "This is your day. It's all about you." These messages made me uncomfortable, both because they promoted entering a weird bridal vortex of solipsism and because, as the wedding drew near, it became clear that this was pretty much entirely untrue. In the best possible way, our wedding wasn't about us—it was stitched together from what all three sides of our family (two being mine, since my parents are divorced) wanted and valued. It was about honoring thousands of years of Jewish tradition and providing some nachas, the Yiddish term for parental joy, to our parents, grandparents, and other assorted relatives and guests. The most basic parental dictum we heeded was no shellfish and no meat to meet my parents' dietary restrictions, even though neither my husband nor I keep kosher or are vegetarians. If I had my druthers, might I have wanted a raw bar and beef short ribs as the entrée? Probably. But I decided to cut my losses on that one, and never regretted it.

In many pockets of 21st-century America, the idea of the wedding as something communal is anathema—a relic from a bygone era or the realm of the devoutly religious. Nuptials today are defined by your Pinterest board, of which there are a multiplying number of wedding-related ones, three-day destination extravaganzas, and $200 spoons from Michael C. Fina. So, many American weddings have evolved into a fixation with material details, trials of abject devotion by members of the wedding party, and resigned acceptance of bridal crusades for perfection that threaten to crush all in their path. Because, well, you deserve it—it's your day.

Now we have exported our unique brand of the "me, me, me" consumer-driven wedding-mania outside our borders. My counterparts in China, those born in the 1980s, are spending extravagantly on their weddings, of which there are 10 million every year. Lavish wedding celebrations in China, which can easily cost more than their grandparents made in a lifetime—the average middle-class Chinese wedding costs $12,000, the amount of disposable income a family in Beijing, Shanghai, and Shenzhen has to spend in a year—are becoming increasingly popular. No wonder the wedding industry in China is growing by 20 percent a year and was valued at $57 billion, according to Ad Age, surpassing the $40 billion U.S. market. Hu Lu, a wedding planner in China, told The Guardian in 2011, "Every bride wants to be princess Snow White when they get married."

Questions to Consider

1. With the rise of the wedding industry (and consumerism in general), how might one think about weddings?

2. What are the pros/ cons of the "it's all about me" approach to one's wedding?

3. If a person is the bride at their own wedding, what expectations would you have of/ for them?

Now let's pivot to read about Rabbi Akiva's daughter...

וּמִדְּרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא נָמֵי אֵין מַזָּל לְיִשְׂרָאֵל. דְּרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא הַוְיָא לֵיהּ בְּרַתָּא, אָמְרִי לֵיהּ כַּלְדָּאֵי: הָהוּא יוֹמָא דְּעָיְילָה לְבֵי גְנָנָא, טָרֵיק לַהּ חִיוְיָא, וּמִיתָא. הֲוָה דָּאֵיג אַמִּילְּתָא טוּבָא. הָהוּא יוֹמָא שְׁקַלְתַּהּ לְמַכְבַּנְתָּא, דַּצְתַּהּ בְּגוּדָא, אִיתְרְמִי אִיתִּיב בְּעֵינֵיהּ דְּחִיוְיָא. לְצַפְרָא כִּי קָא שָׁקְלָה לַהּ, הֲוָה קָא סָרֵיךְ וְאָתֵי חִיוְיָא בָּתְרַהּ. אֲמַר לַהּ אֲבוּהּ: מַאי עֲבַדְתְּ? אֲמַרָה לֵיהּ בְּפַנְיָא אֲתָא עַנְיָא, קְרָא אַבָּבָא וַהֲווֹ טְרִידִי כּוּלֵּי עָלְמָא בִּסְעוּדְתָּא, וְלֵיכָּא דְּשָׁמְעֵיהּ. קָאֵימְנָא, שְׁקַלְתֵּיהּ לְרִיסְתָּנַאי דִּיהַבְתְּ לִי, יַהְבִתֵּיהּ נִיהֲלֵיהּ. אֲמַר לַהּ: מִצְוָה עֲבַדְתְּ. נְפַק רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא וּדְרַשׁ: ״וּצְדָקָה תַּצִּיל מִמָּוֶת״, וְלֹא מִמִּיתָה מְשׁוּנָּה, אֶלָּא מִמִּיתָה עַצְמָהּ.

And from that which transpired to Rabbi Akiva as well it can be derived that there is no constellation for the Jewish people, as Rabbi Akiva had a daughter, and Chaldean astrologers told him that on the same day that she enters the wedding canopy, a snake will bite her and she will die. She was very worried about this. On that day, her wedding day, she took the ornamental pin from her hair and stuck it into a hole in the wall for safekeeping, and it happened that it entered directly into the eye of the snake. In the morning, when she took the pin, the snake was pulled and came out with it. Her father Rabbi Akiva said to her: What did you do to merit being saved from the snake? She told him: In the evening a poor person came and knocked on the door, and everyone was preoccupied with the [wedding] feast and nobody heard him. I stood and took the portion that you had given me and gave it to him. Rabbi Akiva said to her: You performed a mitzva, and you were saved in its merit. Rabbi Akiva went out and taught based on this incident that even though it is written: “And charity will save from death” (Proverbs 10:2), it does not mean that it will save a person only from an unusual death, but even from death itself.

Questions to Consider

1. What was fated/ destined to happen to Rabbi Akiva's daughter?

2. What did she do with her pin, and how did this save her?

3. What astonishing good deed did she perform?

4. What did Rabbi Akiva's daughter NOTICE to enable her to perform this good deed? And how did she act upon what she had noticed?

5. Given that Rabbi Akiva didn't even know about what his daughter had done till the next day, what does this show about the WAY she did it (Instagram moment? quietly?)

6. How was Rabbi Akiva's daughter rewarded for her action?

Whether or not this was the original intent of the text, what is one positive effect of Rabbi Akiva's daughter remaining anonymous in this story?

YOUNG JEWISH WOMEN

אָמַר רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל לֹא הָיוּ יָמִים טוֹבִים לְיִשְׂרָאֵל כַּחֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר בְּאָב וּכְיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים שֶׁבָּהֶן בְּנוֹת יְרוּשָׁלַיִם יוֹצְאוֹת בִּכְלֵי לָבָן שְׁאוּלִין שֶׁלֹּא לְבַיֵּישׁ אֶת מִי שֶׁאֵין לוֹ כׇּל הַכֵּלִים טְעוּנִין טְבִילָה

The mishna cites a passage that concludes its discussion of the month of Av, as well as the entire tractate of Ta’anit, on a positive note. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel said: There were no days as joyous for the Jewish people as the fifteenth of Av and as Yom Kippur, as on them the daughters of Jerusalem would go out in white clothes, which each woman borrowed from another. Why were they borrowed? They did this so as not to embarrass one who did not have her own white garments. All the garments that the women borrowed require immersion, as those who previously wore them might have been ritually impure.

שֶׁבָּהֶן בְּנוֹת יְרוּשָׁלַיִם כּוּ׳ תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן בַּת מֶלֶךְ שׁוֹאֶלֶת מִבַּת כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל בַּת כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל מִבַּת סְגָן וּבַת סְגָן מִבַּת מְשׁוּחַ מִלְחָמָה וּבַת מְשׁוּחַ מִלְחָמָה מִבַּת כֹּהֵן הֶדְיוֹט וְכׇל יִשְׂרָאֵל שׁוֹאֲלִין זֶה מִזֶּה כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא (יִתְבַּיֵּישׁ) [לְבַיֵּישׁ] אֶת מִי שֶׁאֵין לוֹ:

§ The mishna taught: As on them the daughters of Jerusalem would go out in white clothes, and on the fifteenth of Av they would go out to the vineyards and dance. The Sages taught this tradition in greater detail: The daughter of the king borrows white garments from the daughter of the High Priest; the daughter of the High Priest borrows from the daughter of the deputy High Priest; the daughter of the deputy High Priest borrows from the daughter of the priest anointed for war, i.e., the priest who would read verses of Torah and address the army as they prepared for battle; the daughter of the priest anointed for war borrows from the daughter of a common priest; and all the Jewish people borrow from each other. Why would they all borrow garments? They did this so as not to embarrass one who did not have her own white garments.

Excerpt from Dr. Noam Stadlan's hesped (eulogy) for Batsheva

Batsheva was a beautiful girl and young lady and loved fashion. She was approached many times about being a model. She had amazing fashion sense. Fashion to some might seem to be frivolous or selfish. But for Batsheva, it wasn’t about her, but about making the world a prettier more sparkly place, and helping people feel good about how they looked. She helped her friends pick out clothes, gave away her clothes, and even tried to help those with no fashion sense, like me, look nicer. She wanted to the world to reflect her, beautiful and sparkly.

Questions to Consider

1. Why do the women borrow white clothing from one another?

2. What do they NOTICE (preemptively) that leads them to borrow from one another?

3. Why do you think they decided to have EVERYONE borrow from one another (including the daughter of the king, the High Priest etc) instead of just making sure that the women who needed clothes borrowed? How does this relate to what we said about EMPATHY?

4. How does this echo Batsheva's life?

5. How is this actually a wonderful concept in terms of how the women saw one another- especially in the context where they really were competing for husbands? (Think about what they could have done instead if their main goal was to "catch a husband.") And how did seeing each other in this way impact THEM?

RABBI YECHEZKEL LANDAU, AUTHOR OF NODAH B'YEHUDAH

'The Miracle of Prague' adapted by Rabbi Sholom Klass zt"l (link here for full text)

THE POOR BOY

One night, Rabbi Yechezkel was returning home from the synagogue following the evening prayers when he saw a young non-Jewish boy, dressed in ragged clothing with tears streaming down his face, wandering about the streets. On his shoulders he carried empty baskets and was the picture of misery and despair. Rabbi Yechezkel's heart went out to the boy and he went over to him.

"Tell me, little boy, what are you doing walking about the streets of the Jewish quarter and why are you crying?"

The boy looked at the rabbi and he burst into a torrent of tears. Finally, he explained, "My mother died last year and my father, who is a baker, has remarried. My stepmother is a cruel and heartless woman who makes me get up every morning at dawn, loads me down with baskets of bread and commands me to sell every single one.

"Woe is to me if I should fail to sell every one. She beats and whips me and makes me go to bed without food. Now I am afraid to go home."

RABBI YECHEZKEL IS MOVED

Rabbi Yechezkel looked at the poor boy and asked, "Why? What happened today? You appear to have sold all your bread. Why should you be afraid to go home?"

"Today, something terrible happened to me," the boy answered. "It is true that I was able to sell all my bread, but as the sun set and I started to go home I reached into my pocket and saw that the money was gone. There were 30 gold coins and I either lost them or they were stolen from me. If I should go home with neither the bread nor the money, my stepmother will beat me within an inch of my life! All evening I have wandered about frantically and I am hunerv and cold and afraid."

And with this, the tears once again began to flow from the little boy's eyes. Rabbi Yechezkel was deeply moved and said, "Do not worry. First come to my house and have something to eat and then we will figure out some solution."

The rabbi and the little gentile boy went home and there Rabbi Yechezkel ordered that supper be given the starving waif. The boy ate and drank, and life returned to his shivering little body. Then Rabbi Yechezkel took out 30 gold coins from his pocket and gave them to the lad.

"Here are 30 gold coins. Take them home to your stepmother and do not worry. Now she will not hit you."

The boy's face lit up with a smile of joy and thanking the rabbi he ran home as quickly as his little feet would take him.

PASSOVER NIGHT

The years passed, and Rabbi Yechezkel all but forgot the incident. He grew older and the problems of the Jewish community of Prague, which he led, weighted heavily on his frail shoulders. One Passover, on the eve of the seventh day, the rest of the household was asleep but Rabbi Yechezkel sat in his study learning Torah.

The night was quiet and peaceful when Rabbi Yechezkel heard footsteps coming down the street. They stopped in front of his house and then there was a soft knock on the door.

"Come in," the rabbi called out.

The door slowly opened and there stood a young gentile. Rabbi Yechezkel looked at him, wondering what he was doing here at that hour of the night.

"Good evening, rabbi," the young man said. "I am sure that you do not remember me for it has been many years since I was last here."

Rabbi Yechezkel looked at him, trying to remember where he had seen him.

"I am the little boy you once helped when I had lost 30 gold coins and was hungry and frightened. I never forgot the kindness you did to a strange boy and I resolved to pay you back if I could. That time has come.

"Listen, rabbi, the Jews of Prague are in great danger, and I will try to help you."

The rabbi trembled when he heard these words. "What do you mean?" he asked.

THE DANGER

"Listen carefully," said the young man. "Last night the bakers of the Prague guild gathered in my father's home and, at the instigation of my wicked stepmother, they made plans to kill the Jews of Prague.

"They know that on the night when Passover ends the Jews all buy leavened bread from non-Jewish bakers since all Jewish bakeries are still closed. The have decided to put poison into the bread that the Jews will buy and in this way kill all the Jews in one night.

"I have told you this to repay you for the kindness you showed to me. You must think up some way to save your people, but I beg of you to let no one know that it was I who told you."

A terrible chill penetrated the gaon and he thanked the young man from the bottom of his heart. After he left, Rabbi Yechezkel sat deep in thought, trying to find a plan that would both save the Jews and bring the culprits to justice. The great trouble was that there was so little time!

Rabbi Yechezkel sat and thought and suddenly a plan formed in his mind.

On the eighth and last day of Passover an order was given to close all the synagogues in Prague and it was announced that Rabbi Yechezkel, the chief rabbi, would speak in the main synagogue right after the morning service, concerning a very important topic. All the Jews gathered at the synagogue to hear the important speech.

Rabbi Yechezkel then rose and said, "My friends, unfortunately, as the generations pass, the Torah becomes more and more forgotten. The rabbis and leaders become less and less worthy and learned and mistakes are more frequent. I must confess to you that the beis din of Prague has made an error in the reckoning of this year's calendar and we have almost brought the congregation to the sin of eating chometz (leavened bread) on Passover. Through an error we proclaimed Passover one day earlier. Today is not the eighth day, but the seventh day. It is, therefore, absolutely forbidden to eat chometz tomorrow night"

The people were astounded at this bombshell, but no one dreamed of arguing with the rabbi. All the Jews of Prague went home and that year observed the Passover, unwittingly, for nine days!

The morning of the ninth day police surrounded the homes of the bakers and discovered the poisoned bread. All were taken away to stand trial for their conspiracy. Then the Jews of Prague realized the wisdom of their chief rabbi and what he had done. A great joy spread throughout the city, and parties and celebrations were held.

Only one thing puzzled the Jews. How did Rabbi Yechezkel find out about the plot? The gaon told no one, however, as he had promised the young man.

He kept the secret his whole life and only before his death did he tell it to his son, Rabbi Shmuel Landau (author of Shivas Tzion). When he finished telling him, he said, "I want you to know that it was not through my wisdom that I was able to save the Jews, but because of a kindness that I once did for a little gentile child."

Questions to Consider

1. What did Rav Yechezkel of Landau NOTICE?

2. What did he do after he noticed this?

3. What does this say/ suggest about him as a person? (Important: Was the child Jewish?)

4. What was the OUTCOME of this act in the long term- how was Rav Yechezkel rewarded for what he had done?

RABBI YISROEL SALANTER, FATHER OF THE MUSSAR MOVEMENT

Excerpted from Dr. Stadlan's article 'Erasing Women Erases Halacha' (link here)

Rabbi Yisrael Salanter, founder of the Mussar movement, was quoted as saying, “It is prohibited to enhance your mitzvot at the expense of others.” He practiced what he preached. One day Rabbi Salanter was hosted by a rich man. When he performed the ritual hand-washing before the meal, he used a sparing amount of water. He was asked, “Doesn’t the Torah say it is praiseworthy to wash with a lot of water?” He answered, “I can only do that in my own home. Here, however, I must consider the needs of the [maid]servant who must carry the buckets of water.”

Questions to Consider

1. What would Rabbi Salanter's typical custom when it came to ritual washing have been?

2. What or who did Rabbi Salanter NOTICE?

3. Why did he use a sparing amount of water?

4. How does this reflect on him as a man/ leader? Why would he of all people be the founder of the Mussar movement (think about interpersonal relationships)?

REB AVIGDOR HALBERSTAM

Why the Rabbi Ate the Whole Pot of Cholent Himself (as appears on Chabad.org, link here)

Reb Avigdor Halberstam, the brother of Reb Chaim of Zanz, was once the honored Shabbos guest of one of the prominent citizens of some township. The custom in those parts was that the householder would pass the whole pot of cholent to his distinguished guest, who would be asked—by way of compliment, as if he were the host—to apportion the steaming stew into the plates of the members of the family.

As the cholent was passed to him, Reb Avigdor caught a whiff of it, tasted it, then tasted it again, and again—until bit by bit he finished it all, leaving nothing for the others at the table. Then he asked: “Is there perhaps a little more cholent?”

And this, too, he finished, down to the last spoonful

The host and his family were dumbfounded—but it was known that tzaddikim see a spiritual mission in eating, revealing the sparks of sanctity that are hidden in the things of This World. And who would be so bold as to pretend to guess at the hidden things that tzaddikim relish…?

But some of his disciples were present, and in all the time they had known him they had never observed him serving his Maker in this manner. So they gathered up courage and after some time asked him to enlighten them as to the hidden things that he had relished in that cholent.

“I am sure I can trust you with the explanation,” he said. “By mistake, the maid in that household flavored the cholent with kerosene instead of vinegar. I could smell it and taste it. I gathered that if our host and hostess would find out, the defenseless girl would never hear the end of it, and possibly lose her job as well—and she’s a penniless orphan, poor thing. So I ate up the cholent, and let them think of me whatever they please. Why should an orphaned waif have to suffer abuse?”

Reproduced from A Treasury of Chassidic Tales by Rabbi S. Y. Zevin, with permission of the copyright holders, ArtScroll /Mesorah Publications, Ltd.

Questions to Consider

1. What did Reb Halberstam NOTICE?

2. Based on what he noticed, how did he decide to act? What was the motivation for his act, and how does that tie into EMPATHY?

3. What do you think the IMPACT of his explanation was on his students (and indeed, on us, hearing this story today)?

THE BAIS HA'LEVI (RAV OF BRISK)

Excerpt from 'How a Rabbi Decides a Medical Halacha Issue' by Rabbi Yitzchok A. Breitowitz, (link here)

A woman once asked the Bais Ha'Levi (the Rav of Brisk; great-grandfather and namesake of Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik of Boston) whether one could fulfill the obligation of the Four Cups at the Seder with milk? The Bais HaLevi answered in the negative and immediately gave the woman funds to buy meals for all of Passover. His disciples asked him why didn't he just give her enough money for wine. His answer - the last two cups of the seder are drunk after the meal. If the woman plans to use milk for the last two cups, it could only be because she has neither meat nor chicken to serve at the Seder meal. If there is no meat or chicken for the Seder - usually the most festive Pesach event - there is obviously none for the rest of the holiday. She accordingly needs funds for the entire holiday. The duty of the rabbi is to address the entire problem or more accurately, the whole person - not merely the segment of the problem that is explicitly raised.

Questions to Consider

1. What was the question the woman posed to the Bais HaLevi?

2. What did the Bais HaLevi NOTICE?

3. How did he act upon what he had noticed?

4. How does this speak to UNDERSTANDING/ EMPATHY?

5. What might the IMPACT have been on his disciples (and indeed, for the role of the rabbi in general)?

NOT NOTICING- WHEN PEOPLE CHOOSE NOT TO SEE/ DON'T PRACTICE EMPATHY

We've spent time looking at various examples of people who took the time to notice others and then acted upon what they saw. But what happens if someone doesn't notice- whether because they are simply blind to the situation or they choose not to see?

ABSALOM

(כ) וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֵלֶ֜יהָ אַבְשָׁל֣וֹם אָחִ֗יהָ הַאֲמִינ֣וֹן אָחִיךְ֮ הָיָ֣ה עִמָּךְ֒ וְעַתָּ֞ה אֲחוֹתִ֤י הַחֲרִ֙ישִׁי֙ אָחִ֣יךְ ה֔וּא אַל־תָּשִׁ֥יתִי אֶת־לִבֵּ֖ךְ לַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֑ה וַתֵּ֤שֶׁב תָּמָר֙ וְשֹׁ֣מֵמָ֔ה בֵּ֖ית אַבְשָׁל֥וֹם אָחִֽיהָ׃ (כא) וְהַמֶּ֣לֶךְ דָּוִ֔ד שָׁמַ֕ע אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַיִּ֥חַר ל֖וֹ מְאֹֽד׃ (כב) וְלֹֽא־דִבֶּ֧ר אַבְשָׁל֛וֹם עִם־אַמְנ֖וֹן לְמֵרָ֣ע וְעַד־ט֑וֹב כִּֽי־שָׂנֵ֤א אַבְשָׁלוֹם֙ אֶת־אַמְנ֔וֹן עַל־דְּבַר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עִנָּ֔ה אֵ֖ת תָּמָ֥ר אֲחֹתֽוֹ׃ (פ) (כג) וַֽיְהִי֙ לִשְׁנָתַ֣יִם יָמִ֔ים וַיִּהְי֤וּ גֹֽזְזִים֙ לְאַבְשָׁל֔וֹם בְּבַ֥עַל חָצ֖וֹר אֲשֶׁ֣ר עִם־אֶפְרָ֑יִם וַיִּקְרָ֥א אַבְשָׁל֖וֹם לְכָל־בְּנֵ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ (כד) וַיָּבֹ֤א אַבְשָׁלוֹם֙ אֶל־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַיֹּ֕אמֶר הִנֵּה־נָ֥א גֹזְזִ֖ים לְעַבְדֶּ֑ךָ יֵֽלֶךְ־נָ֥א הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ וַעֲבָדָ֖יו עִם־עַבְדֶּֽךָ׃ (כה) וַיֹּ֨אמֶר הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ אֶל־אַבְשָׁל֗וֹם אַל־בְּנִי֙ אַל־נָ֤א נֵלֵךְ֙ כֻּלָּ֔נוּ וְלֹ֥א נִכְבַּ֖ד עָלֶ֑יךָ וַיִּפְרָץ־בּ֛וֹ וְלֹֽא־אָבָ֥ה לָלֶ֖כֶת וַֽיְבָרֲכֵֽהוּ׃ (כו) וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אַבְשָׁל֔וֹם וָלֹ֕א יֵֽלֶךְ־נָ֥א אִתָּ֖נוּ אַמְנ֣וֹן אָחִ֑י וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ לָ֥מָּה יֵלֵ֖ךְ עִמָּֽךְ׃ (כז) וַיִּפְרָץ־בּ֖וֹ אַבְשָׁל֑וֹם וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח אִתּוֹ֙ אֶת־אַמְנ֔וֹן וְאֵ֖ת כָּל־בְּנֵ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ (ס) (כח) וַיְצַו֩ אַבְשָׁל֨וֹם אֶת־נְעָרָ֜יו לֵאמֹ֗ר רְא֣וּ נָ֠א כְּט֨וֹב לֵב־אַמְנ֤וֹן בַּיַּ֙יִן֙ וְאָמַרְתִּ֣י אֲלֵיכֶ֔ם הַכּ֧וּ אֶת־אַמְנ֛וֹן וַהֲמִתֶּ֥ם אֹת֖וֹ אַל־תִּירָ֑אוּ הֲל֗וֹא כִּ֤י אָֽנֹכִי֙ צִוִּ֣יתִי אֶתְכֶ֔ם חִזְק֖וּ וִהְי֥וּ לִבְנֵי־חָֽיִל׃ (כט) וַֽיַּעֲשׂ֞וּ נַעֲרֵ֤י אַבְשָׁלוֹם֙ לְאַמְנ֔וֹן כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוָּ֖ה אַבְשָׁל֑וֹם וַיָּקֻ֣מוּ ׀ כָּל־בְּנֵ֣י הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ וַֽיִּרְכְּב֛וּ אִ֥ישׁ עַל־פִּרְדּ֖וֹ וַיָּנֻֽסוּ׃

(20) Her brother Absalom said to her, “Was it your brother Amnon who did this to you? For the present, sister, keep quiet about it; he is your brother. Don’t brood over the matter.” And Tamar remained in her brother Absalom’s house, forlorn. (21) When King David heard about all this, he was greatly upset. (22) Absalom didn’t utter a word to Amnon, good or bad; but Absalom hated Amnon because he had violated his sister Tamar. (23) Two years later, when Absalom was having his flocks sheared at Baal-hazor near Ephraim, Absalom invited all the king’s sons. (24) And Absalom came to the king and said, “Your servant is having his flocks sheared. Would Your Majesty and your retinue accompany your servant?” (25) But the king answered Absalom, “No, my son. We must not all come, or we’ll be a burden to you.” He urged him, but he would not go, and he said good-bye to him. (26) Thereupon Absalom said, “In that case, let my brother Amnon come with us,” to which the king replied, “He shall not go with you.” (27) But Absalom urged him, and he sent with him Amnon and all the other princes. (28) Now Absalom gave his attendants these orders: “Watch, and when Amnon is merry with wine and I tell you to strike down Amnon, kill him! Don’t be afraid, for it is I who give you the order. Act with determination, like brave men!” (29) Absalom’s attendants did to Amnon as Absalom had ordered; whereupon all the other princes mounted their mules and fled.

והמלך דוד חרה לו מאד, אולם לא הוכיחו ע"ז, וכל זה עורר שנאת אבשלום:

And the king, David was very angry, but he didn't rebuke him on this, and this aroused the hatred of Absalom.

(ב) וְהִשְׁכִּים֙ אַבְשָׁל֔וֹם וְעָמַ֕ד עַל־יַ֖ד דֶּ֣רֶךְ הַשָּׁ֑עַר וַיְהִ֡י כָּל־הָאִ֣ישׁ אֲשֶֽׁר־יִהְיֶה־לּוֹ־רִיב֩ לָב֨וֹא אֶל־הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ לַמִּשְׁפָּ֗ט וַיִּקְרָ֨א אַבְשָׁל֤וֹם אֵלָיו֙ וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אֵֽי־מִזֶּ֥ה עִיר֙ אַ֔תָּה וַיֹּ֕אמֶר מֵאַחַ֥ד שִׁבְטֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עַבְדֶּֽךָ׃ (ג) וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָיו֙ אַבְשָׁל֔וֹם רְאֵ֥ה דְבָרֶ֖ךָ טוֹבִ֣ים וּנְכֹחִ֑ים וְשֹׁמֵ֥עַ אֵין־לְךָ֖ מֵאֵ֥ת הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ (ד) וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אַבְשָׁל֔וֹם מִי־יְשִׂמֵ֥נִי שֹׁפֵ֖ט בָּאָ֑רֶץ וְעָלַ֗י יָב֥וֹא כָּל־אִ֛ישׁ אֲשֶֽׁר־יִהְיֶה־לּוֹ־רִ֥יב וּמִשְׁפָּ֖ט וְהִצְדַּקְתִּֽיו׃ (ה) וְהָיָה֙ בִּקְרָב־אִ֔ישׁ לְהִשְׁתַּחֲוֺ֖ת ל֑וֹ וְשָׁלַ֧ח אֶת־יָד֛וֹ וְהֶחֱזִ֥יק ל֖וֹ וְנָ֥שַׁק לֽוֹ׃ (ו) וַיַּ֨עַשׂ אַבְשָׁל֜וֹם כַּדָּבָ֤ר הַזֶּה֙ לְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁר־יָבֹ֥אוּ לַמִּשְׁפָּ֖ט אֶל־הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיְגַנֵּב֙ אַבְשָׁל֔וֹם אֶת־לֵ֖ב אַנְשֵׁ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ (פ) (ז)

(2) Absalom used to rise early and stand by the road to the city gates; and whenever a man had a case that was to come before the king for judgment, Absalom would call out to him, “What town are you from?” And when he answered, “Your servant is from such and such a tribe in Israel,” (3) Absalom would say to him, “It is clear that your claim is right and just, but there is no listener assigned to you by the king to hear it.” (4) And Absalom went on, “If only I were appointed judge in the land and everyone with a legal dispute came before me, I would see that he got his rights.” (5) And if a man approached to bow to him, [Absalom] would extend his hand and take hold of him and kiss him. (6) Absalom did this to every Israelite who came to the king for judgment. Thus Absalom won away the hearts of the men of Israel.

Questions to Consider

1. What is King David's response to the rape of his daughter Tamar?

2. Does Absalom accept this as justice?

3. What does King David fail to adequately NOTICE/ EMPATHIZE with?

4. How does this DIRECTLY lead to the contention Absalom raises when he decides to rebel against his father?

(ט) וְנָתַתָּ֨ לְעַבְדְּךָ֜ לֵ֤ב שֹׁמֵ֙עַ֙ לִשְׁפֹּ֣ט אֶֽת־עַמְּךָ֔ לְהָבִ֖ין בֵּֽין־ט֣וֹב לְרָ֑ע כִּ֣י מִ֤י יוּכַל֙ לִשְׁפֹּ֔ט אֶת־עַמְּךָ֥ הַכָּבֵ֖ד הַזֶּֽה׃

(9) Grant, then, Your servant an understanding heart to judge Your people, to distinguish between good and bad; for who can judge this vast people of Yours?”

Questions to Consider

1. How does King Solomon's request from God reflect on/ correct what went wrong between Absalom and their father?

2. What does King Solomon aspire to do (demonstrated later in the story with the two prostitutes)?

IT IS FORBIDDEN NOT TO SEE

(יד) לֹא־תְקַלֵּ֣ל חֵרֵ֔שׁ וְלִפְנֵ֣י עִוֵּ֔ר לֹ֥א תִתֵּ֖ן מִכְשֹׁ֑ל וְיָרֵ֥אתָ מֵּאֱלֹקֶ֖יךָ אֲנִ֥י ה'׃

(14) You shall not insult the deaf, or place a stumbling block before the blind. You shall fear your God: I am the LORD.

(לב) מִפְּנֵ֤י שֵׂיבָה֙ תָּק֔וּם וְהָדַרְתָּ֖ פְּנֵ֣י זָקֵ֑ן וְיָרֵ֥אתָ מֵּאֱלֹקֶ֖יךָ אֲנִ֥י ה'׃ (פ)

(32) You shall rise before the aged and show deference to the old; you shall fear your God: I am the LORD.

(ב) והדרת פני זקן. אֵיזֶהוּ הִדּוּר? לֹא יֵשֵׁב בִּמְקוֹמוֹ וְלֹא יִסְתֹּר אֶת דְּבָרָיו: יָכוֹל יַעֲצִים עֵינָיו כְּמִי שֶׁלֹּא רָאָהוּ? לְכָךְ נֶאֱמַר ויראת מאלקיך, שֶׁהֲרֵי דָּבָר זֶה מָסוּר לְלִבּוֹ שֶׁל עוֹשֵׂהוּ, שֶׁאֵין מַכִּיר בּוֹ אֶלָּא הוּא, וְכָל דָּבָר הַמָּסוּר לַלֵּב נֶאֱמַר בוֹ וְיָרֵאתָ מֵּאֱלֹקֶיךָ (שם):

(2) AND THOU SHALT HONOR THE FACE OF THE OLD — What does the term "honoring” an old man imply? That one should not sit in his seat nor contradict his statements. One might think that one is allowed to close one’s eyes as though one does not see him (the old man)! Scripture however states "but be afraid of thy God”, because in this thing it is given to the heart of him only who does the action to know the motive that prompts him for no one has an insight into this except himself, and in reference to any thing where it is given only to the heart to know, Scripture states “and thou shalt be afraid of thy God Who knows thy secret thoughts״ (Sifra, Kedoshim, Chapter 7 14; Kiddushin 32b).

יכול יעצים עיניו כמי שלא ראהו ת"ל תקום ויראת דבר המסור ללב נאמר בו (ויקרא יט, יד) ויראת מאלקיך

The baraita continues: One might have thought that one may close his eyes like one who does not see the elder. Therefore, the verse states: “Before the hoary head you shall stand and you shall revere the face of an elder, and you shall fear your God” (Leviticus 19:32). With regard to any matter given over to the heart, it is stated: “And you shall fear your God.” This phrase is referring to a situation where it is impossible to prove whether one purposefully made it appear as if he were not aware that he was obligated to perform a mitzva, as only that individual and God know the truth.

Questions to Consider

1. Is it permitted to just close one's eyes and choose not to see a learned elder (because you don't want to have to stand up for them)?

2. What is the common language used in various places where only God can know what went through our minds?

3. What do we learn from this in terms of our obligations to others/ obligation to NOTICE and to EMP'ATHIZE?

TAKEAWAYS/ WHAT DOES THIS MEAN FOR US TODAY?

We've discussed the importance of NOTICING and the importance of EMPATHIZING with others as a catalyst for us to act upon what we've noticed- for the good. We've looked at incredible examples of people who noticed others, cared for them, and acted like THEIR PERSON (to use the language of Grey's Anatomy). We've seen ways that this changed them or important outcomes in their lives! We've also seen the flip side- what can happen due to not adequately caring for or noticing others (and how choosing not to notice is forbidden). But after learning all of this, how do I apply this in my everyday life? What does it look like for me?

Below are a few examples, and I am sure that you will come up with more!

1. CHECKING IN

One of the ways that people feel noticed, cared for, SEEN and valued is when others check in on them. NAMI (National Alliance on Mental Illness) provides some suggestions about doing so if someone is struggling with mental health, but the idea of making it a priority to check in on others applies even if someone appears to be functioning well.

From NAMI-

You can play an important role in helping a friend build a positive, social support network. Here are ways to do that:

  • Check-in regularly. Call or text your friend once or twice a week. Check in with them after their therapy appointments to see how things went. Let them know that you are there.
  • Include your friend in your plans. Even if your friend doesn’t always come, they will probably appreciate being included.
  • Learn more about mental health conditions. Find out more about what your friend is going through so you are better able to help in future situations.
  • Avoid using judgmental or dismissive language, such as “you’ll get over it,” “toughen up,” “snap out of it.” Your friend needs to hear that they are not alone and that they can get through this. Reassure them that everything will be okay and that you are there for them.

2. NOTICING THE MARGINALIZED

How many times have you walked by an individual who is homeless? There are many reasons you might not engage with a person in this position. But if you can and are willing to make eye contact, share a smile, or if you have the time even strike up a conversation- you can be a bright spot in their day.

From the New York Coalition for the Homeless-

"It is not easy seeing someone trying to survive on the streets of the city, and our reactions can range from pity, to anger, to choosing not to see the person at all. As hard as it is to witness the suffering of others, we encourage all New Yorkers to exercise empathy – to imagine what it’s like to have no home and no support network, to be cold or hungry or sick, to have hundreds of people walk by you each day and pretend you don’t exist.

The question of how to help a homeless person on the streets is not always an easy one, and while some general answers are outlined below, the best place to start is by remembering the humanity of each man or woman you see in a public place. Treat each and every person with dignity – but also follow your own instincts. And remember that small acts of kindness can have tremendously positive repercussions in the lives of others."

3. LEARNING PEOPLE'S STORIES

Actively learning about other people's stories is an exercise is noticing others that helps build understanding and empathy. Two masters of this are Brandon Stanton of Humans of New York and Peter Santenello (link to his website here).

Quote from an interview with Brandon-

"Why do the sad stories kind of stand out to me? I think it's because so much of the storytelling on social media is self-directed, and it serves to highlight all the good stuff that's going on in our lives: Look at my marriage, look at my car, look at my house, look at my kids, look at my job. And it's all so self-promotional and happy.

You know, I think what Humans of New York does is highlights maybe the other tones of our lives that people aren't so willing to express, or tragedy that they might not have told anybody else. Then, there's somebody in my audience that's reading that and says, "You know what, I'm going through that exact same thing, and I was afraid to talk about it also."

Those are the stories I feel proudest about."

To conclude...

מַרְגְּלָא בְּפוּמֵּיהּ דְּאַבָּיֵּי: לְעוֹלָם יְהֵא אָדָם עָרוּם בְּיִרְאָה. ״מַעֲנֶה רַךְ מֵשִׁיב חֵמָה״. וּמַרְבֶּה שָׁלוֹם עִם אֶחָיו וְעִם קְרוֹבָיו וְעִם כָּל אָדָם וַאֲפִילּוּ עִם גּוֹי בַּשּׁוּק, כְּדֵי שֶׁיְּהֵא אָהוּב לְמַעְלָה וְנֶחְמָד לְמַטָּה, וִיהֵא מְקוּבָּל עַל הַבְּרִיּוֹת.

Abaye was wont to say:
One must always be shrewd and utilize every strategy in order to achieve fear of Heaven and performance of mitzvot.
One must fulfill the verse: “A soft answer turns away wrath” (Proverbs 15:1)
and take steps to increase peace with one’s brethren and with one’s relatives,
and with all people, even with a non-Jew in the marketplace, despite the fact that he is of no importance to him and does not know him at all (Me’iri), so that he will be loved above in God’s eyes, pleasant below in the eyes of the people, and acceptable to all of God’s creatures.

"Maybe more than anything else, Batsheva’s smile lit up the room. She had such inner goodness that it shone through. I think it was obvious to everyone who met her what a wonderful caring person she was...Honor her memory by continuing like you have been, striving to be kind and compassionate, and making the world a more sparkly place."

-from Dr. Stadlan's hesped (eulogy) for Batsheva

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