Particular vs. Universal Responsibility

(שמות כב, כד) אם כסף תלוה את עמי את העני עמך עמי ונכרי עמי קודם עני ועשיר עני קודם ענייך ועניי עירך ענייך קודמין עניי עירך ועניי עיר אחרת עניי עירך קודמין

(Exodus 22:24) "If you lend my people money, even the poor with you..." Jews and non-Jews, Jews have precedence; a poor person and a rich one, the poor have precedence. Your poor and the poor of your city, your poor have precedence; the poor of your city and the poor of another city, the poor of your city have precedence.

מעיין של בני העיר חייהן וחיי אחרים חייהן קודמין לחיי אחרים בהמתם [ובהמת אחרים בהמתם] קודמת לבהמת אחרים כביסתן וכביסת אחרים כביסתן קודמת לכביסת אחרים חיי אחרים וכביסתן חיי אחרים קודמין לכביסתן רבי יוסי אומר כביסתן קודמת לחיי אחרים השתא כביסה אמר רבי יוסי יש בה צער

A spring belongs to the residents of the city, so if it comes to their lives against the lives of others, their lives come first, before the lives of others. If they must choose between their own animals and the animals of others, their own animals come first, before the animals of others. If they must choose between their own laundering and the laundering of others, their own laundering comes first, before the laundering of others If, however, they must choose between the lives of others and their own laundering, the lives of others come first, before their own laundering. However, Rabbi Yosei says that their own laundering comes first, before the lives of others.

ת"ר מפרנסים עניי נכרים עם עניי ישראל ומבקרין חולי נכרים עם חולי ישראל וקוברין מתי נכרים עם מתי ישראל מפני דרכי שלום:

Our rabbis taught: We provide for the gentiles' poor with Israel's poor, we visit gentiles' sick with Israel's sick, and we bury the gentiles' dead with Israel's dead, for the sake of peace.

A Fourfold Song; Rav Abraham Isaac Kook; The Lights of Holiness

There is a person who sings the song of his soul. He finds everything, his complete spiritual satisfaction, within his soul.


There is a person who sings the song of the nation. He steps forward from his private soul, which he finds narrow and uncivilized. He yearns for the heights. He clings with a sensitive love to the entirety of the Jewish nation and sings its song. He shares in its pains, is joyful in its hopes, speaks with exalted and pure thoughts regarding its past and its future, investigates its inner spiritual nature with love and a wise heart.


There is a person whose soul is so broad that it expands beyond the border of Israel. It sings the song of humanity. This soul constantly grows broader with the exalted totality of humanity and its glorious image. He yearns for humanity’s general enlightenment. He looks forward to its supernal perfection. From this source of life, he draws all of his thoughts and insights, his ideals and visions.


And there is a person who rises even higher until he unites with all existence, with all creatures, and with all worlds. And with all of them, he sings. This is the person who, engaged in the Chapter of Song every day, is assured that he is a child of the World-to-Come.


And there is a person who rises with all these songs together in one ensemble so that they all give forth their voices. Together they sing their songs with beauty, each one lends vitality and life to the other. They are sounds of joy and gladness, sounds of jubilation and celebration, sounds of ecstasy and holiness.


The song of the soul, the song of the nation, the song of humanity, the song of the world—they all mix together with this person at every moment and at all times.


And this simplicity in its fullness rises to become a song of holiness, the song of God, the song that is simple, doubled, tripled, quadrupled, the song of songs of Solomon—of the king who is characterized by completeness and peace.