(א) בְּרֵאשִׁ֖ית בָּרָ֣א אֱלֹהִ֑ים אֵ֥ת הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וְאֵ֥ת הָאָֽרֶץ׃ (ב) וְהָאָ֗רֶץ הָיְתָ֥ה תֹ֙הוּ֙ וָבֹ֔הוּ וְחֹ֖שֶׁךְ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י תְה֑וֹם וְר֣וּחַ אֱלֹהִ֔ים מְרַחֶ֖פֶת עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הַמָּֽיִם׃
(1) In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth. (2) Now the earth was unformed and void, and darkness was upon the face of the deep; and the spirit of God hovered over the face of the waters.
Is this its own story of creation? The language of "barah" implies a subject/object relationship between Creator and created. Chaos precedes creation
First (?) story of creation. Speech brings creation into being, seeing defines it as "tov". This "tov" transcends the moral judgement meaning of good as opposed to bad. It is more of an aesthetic meaning - good as reflective of success in expressing the intent of the maker. Creation is seemingly an orderly and "ascending" process.
(ו) וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֔ים יְהִ֥י רָקִ֖יעַ בְּת֣וֹךְ הַמָּ֑יִם וִיהִ֣י מַבְדִּ֔יל בֵּ֥ין מַ֖יִם לָמָֽיִם׃ ... (ח) וַיִּקְרָ֧א אֱלֹהִ֛ים לָֽרָקִ֖יעַ שָׁמָ֑יִם וַֽיְהִי־עֶ֥רֶב וַֽיְהִי־בֹ֖קֶר י֥וֹם שֵׁנִֽי׃ (פ)
(6) And God said: ‘Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters.’ ... (8) And God called the firmament Heaven. And there was evening and there was morning, a second day.
The process of the division of the waters is left unfinished and therefore there is no seeing of good.
The earth expresses will through the trees and the grasses. The trees thwart the Divine command by bringing forth fruit bearing trees instead of fruit trees that bear fruit as they were commanded; the grasses express non-commanded Divine will by 'coming forth after its kind.' Separating the tree from the fruit is an alienation of product from process. The grasses achieve the height of purpose by divining the highest way they can express the Divine intention. They do this through noticing what is happening in creation. See Gemara Chullin 60a/b, Orot HaKodesh 97, Orot HaTeshuva 6:7
(טז) וַיַּ֣עַשׂ אֱלֹהִ֔ים אֶת־שְׁנֵ֥י הַמְּאֹרֹ֖ת הַגְּדֹלִ֑ים אֶת־הַמָּא֤וֹר הַגָּדֹל֙ לְמֶמְשֶׁ֣לֶת הַיּ֔וֹם וְאֶת־הַמָּא֤וֹר הַקָּטֹן֙ לְמֶמְשֶׁ֣לֶת הַלַּ֔יְלָה וְאֵ֖ת הַכּוֹכָבִֽים׃ ... (יח) וְלִמְשֹׁל֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם וּבַלַּ֔יְלָה וּֽלֲהַבְדִּ֔יל בֵּ֥ין הָא֖וֹר וּבֵ֣ין הַחֹ֑שֶׁךְ וַיַּ֥רְא אֱלֹהִ֖ים כִּי־טֽוֹב׃ (יט) וַֽיְהִי־עֶ֥רֶב וַֽיְהִי־בֹ֖קֶר י֥וֹם רְבִיעִֽי׃ (פ)
(16) And God made the two great lights: the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the night; and the stars.... (18) and to rule over the day and over the night, and to divide the light from the darkness; and God saw that it was good. (19) And there was evening and there was morning, a fourth day.
The moon asserts that 'two kings cannot use one crown' and becomes small. Israel offers a sin offering on behalf of Gd because of the moon's reduction. Does the fact that sun and moon are male and female in Hebrew culture make the midrash in Chullin 60a/b a commentary on gender relationship? Rav Kook calls this the alienation from satisfaction of self. This leads to an experience of a "scarcity of identity" in which I am threatened and limited by other.
(22) And God blessed them, saying: ‘Be fruitful, and multiply, and fill the waters in the seas, and let fowl multiply in the earth.’ (23) And there was evening and there was morning, a fifth day.
First appearance of bracha (blessing) which comes in the context of growth/addition.
(כו) וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֔ים נַֽעֲשֶׂ֥ה אָדָ֛ם בְּצַלְמֵ֖נוּ כִּדְמוּתֵ֑נוּ וְיִרְדּוּ֩ בִדְגַ֨ת הַיָּ֜ם וּבְע֣וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֗יִם וּבַבְּהֵמָה֙ וּבְכָל־הָאָ֔רֶץ וּבְכָל־הָרֶ֖מֶשׂ הָֽרֹמֵ֥שׂ עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ (כז) וַיִּבְרָ֨א אֱלֹהִ֤ים ׀ אֶת־הָֽאָדָם֙ בְּצַלְמ֔וֹ בְּצֶ֥לֶם אֱלֹהִ֖ים בָּרָ֣א אֹת֑וֹ זָכָ֥ר וּנְקֵבָ֖ה בָּרָ֥א אֹתָֽם׃ ...(לא) וַיַּ֤רְא אֱלֹהִים֙ אֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֔ה וְהִנֵּה־ט֖וֹב מְאֹ֑ד וַֽיְהִי־עֶ֥רֶב וַֽיְהִי־בֹ֖קֶר י֥וֹם הַשִּׁשִּֽׁי׃ (פ)
(26) And God said: ‘Let us make man in our image, after our likeness; and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth.’ (27) And God created man in His own image, in the image of God created He him; male and female created He them.... (31) And God saw every thing that He had made, and, behold, it was very good. And there was evening and there was morning, the sixth day.
Humanity created in the image and likeness of the Creator. This likeness is expressed here as humanity having dominion over creation. Some lack of clarity on whether humanity is created as male and female separtely. The Sages teach we were created as an androgynous with male and female fused back to back and that the story in Genesis 2:21-22 is the description of their separation.
Shabbas! The seventh day represents the emergent principle in creation, as the seventh point in the middle of the six experiential directions (forward, back, left, right, up, down) emerges as their center only after they are defined. Shabbat is characterized as "last in action, primary in intention" (sof ma'aseh b'machshava techila). The first appearance of the word kadosh (holy). What is the link between rest and consciousness?
(ד) אֵ֣לֶּה תוֹלְד֧וֹת הַשָּׁמַ֛יִם וְהָאָ֖רֶץ בְּהִבָּֽרְאָ֑ם בְּי֗וֹם עֲשׂ֛וֹת יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהִ֖ים אֶ֥רֶץ וְשָׁמָֽיִם׃
(4) These are the generations of the heaven and of the earth when they were created, in the day that the LORD God made earth and heaven.
The second (third?) story of creation. This story is characterized by the 'offspring' which can only result from interaction between two independent entities. The verb form of b'hibaram can be read is 'in their being created,' implying some level of shared action between Creator and created. In the masoretic text the letter hey in b'hibaram is written small and elevated from the line. Our Sages (brought by Rashi) note the first appearance here of the four-lettered name of Gd together with the name Elokim. They say that this teaches that it arose in the mind of Gd to create the world through judgement but it could not stand, therefore Gd placed mercy before it and made them partners in creation.
Creation is in a state of terem, not yet. There is not yet life, because there has not yet been rain and there is not yet humanity to work the ground.Humanity is made of the earth as watered by the mist and shaped by the Creator, life enters through the breath. Through the lens of the midrash brought by Rashi on Genesis 2:5, humanity sees the need for rain, recognizes their good and prayers. This first prayer brings rain (matar) taking creation from potential (terem) to actual. Gd blows in life and humanity exhales creation.
With the appearance of commandment to humanity the word rah (evil) appears, giving birth to the potential for a moral definition of good. We are then told that the ultimate "not good" is being alone, and that humanity needs a help which stands opposite. Gd brings each animal to the first man to call their name.
(כב) וַיִּבֶן֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהִ֧ים ׀ אֶֽת־הַצֵּלָ֛ע אֲשֶׁר־לָקַ֥ח מִן־הָֽאָדָ֖ם לְאִשָּׁ֑ה וַיְבִאֶ֖הָ אֶל־הָֽאָדָֽם׃ (כג) וַיֹּאמֶר֮ הָֽאָדָם֒ זֹ֣את הַפַּ֗עַם עֶ֚צֶם מֵֽעֲצָמַ֔י וּבָשָׂ֖ר מִבְּשָׂרִ֑י לְזֹאת֙ יִקָּרֵ֣א אִשָּׁ֔ה כִּ֥י מֵאִ֖ישׁ לֻֽקֳחָה־זֹּֽאת׃ (כד) עַל־כֵּן֙ יַֽעֲזָב־אִ֔ישׁ אֶת־אָבִ֖יו וְאֶת־אִמּ֑וֹ וְדָבַ֣ק בְּאִשְׁתּ֔וֹ וְהָי֖וּ לְבָשָׂ֥ר אֶחָֽד׃ (כה) וַיִּֽהְי֤וּ שְׁנֵיהֶם֙ עֲרוּמִּ֔ים הָֽאָדָ֖ם וְאִשְׁתּ֑וֹ וְלֹ֖א יִתְבֹּשָֽׁשׁוּ׃
(22) And the rib, which the LORD God had taken from the man, made He a woman, and brought her unto the man. (23) And the man said: ‘This is now bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh; she shall be called Woman, because she was taken out of Man.’ (24) Therefore shall a man leave his father and his mother, and shall cleave unto his wife, and they shall be one flesh. (25) And they were both naked, the man and his wife, and were not ashamed.
Man names woman as that which was once unified with him. Relationship between them is characterized by a separation from family and then a cleaving together into one flesh. In light of the Sage's understanding they were attached back to back and now are separate in order to rejoin. What is the difference between a back to back relationship and one which is face to face?
(8) And they heard the voice of the LORD God walking in the garden toward the cool of the day; and the man and his wife hid themselves from the presence of the LORD God amongst the trees of the garden. (9) And the LORD God called unto the man, and said unto him: ‘Where art thou?’ (10) And he said: ‘I heard Thy voice in the garden, and I was afraid, because I was naked; and I hid myself.’ (11) And He said: ‘Who told thee that thou wast naked? Hast thou eaten of the tree, whereof I commanded thee that thou shouldest not eat?’ (12) And the man said: ‘The woman whom Thou gavest to be with me, she gave me of the tree, and I did eat.’
The question of where are you is an opportunity for one to ground their identity and to touch base with their inner state. Fear and shame produce a sense of alienation from self, as if one is looking at himself from the outside. Gd's question 'who told you' introduces both the question word mi (who) and the word atah (you) into our story. The recognition that an other exists beyond the boundary where I draw my selfhood can lead to alienation or relationship.
(טז) אֶֽל־הָאִשָּׁ֣ה אָמַ֗ר הַרְבָּ֤ה אַרְבֶּה֙ עִצְּבוֹנֵ֣ךְ וְהֵֽרֹנֵ֔ךְ בְּעֶ֖צֶב תֵּֽלְדִ֣י בָנִ֑ים וְאֶל־אִישֵׁךְ֙ תְּשׁ֣וּקָתֵ֔ךְ וְה֖וּא יִמְשָׁל־בָּֽךְ׃ (ס) (יז) וּלְאָדָ֣ם אָמַ֗ר כִּֽי־שָׁמַעְתָּ֮ לְק֣וֹל אִשְׁתֶּךָ֒ וַתֹּ֙אכַל֙ מִן־הָעֵ֔ץ אֲשֶׁ֤ר צִוִּיתִ֙יךָ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לֹ֥א תֹאכַ֖ל מִמֶּ֑נּוּ אֲרוּרָ֤ה הָֽאֲדָמָה֙ בַּֽעֲבוּרֶ֔ךָ בְּעִצָּבוֹן֙ תֹּֽאכֲלֶ֔נָּה כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֥י חַיֶּֽיךָ׃ (יח) וְק֥וֹץ וְדַרְדַּ֖ר תַּצְמִ֣יחַֽ לָ֑ךְ וְאָכַלְתָּ֖ אֶת־עֵ֥שֶׂב הַשָּׂדֶֽה׃ (יט) בְּזֵעַ֤ת אַפֶּ֙יךָ֙ תֹּ֣אכַל לֶ֔חֶם עַ֤ד שֽׁוּבְךָ֙ אֶל־הָ֣אֲדָמָ֔ה כִּ֥י מִמֶּ֖נָּה לֻקָּ֑חְתָּ כִּֽי־עָפָ֣ר אַ֔תָּה וְאֶל־עָפָ֖ר תָּשֽׁוּב׃
(16) Unto the woman He said: ‘I will greatly multiply thy pain and thy travail; in pain thou shalt bring forth children; and thy desire shall be to thy husband, and he shall rule over thee.’ (17) And unto Adam He said: ‘Because thou hast hearkened unto the voice of thy wife, and hast eaten of the tree, of which I commanded thee, saying: Thou shalt not eat of it; cursed is the ground for thy sake; in toil shalt thou eat of it all the days of thy life. (18) Thorns also and thistles shall it bring forth to thee; and thou shalt eat the herb of the field. (19) In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread, till thou return unto the ground; for out of it wast thou taken; for dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return.’
Are these curses connected to the actions which prompt them, making them more consequence than punishment? Notice the role that etzev (sadness/pain) plays in them and compare to Genesis 5:29 and Rashi there. The curse to the man can be characterized as the advent of dissipation, that most of his efforts would go into producing the non-desired side products of his work.
(24) So He drove out the man; and He placed at the east of the garden of Eden the cherubim, and the flaming sword which turned every way, to keep the way to the tree of life.
This is the first exile, and as such may serve as a model for exile and return throughout our story. Note the relationship between the cherubim here and there only other appearance in the Torah as the covering over the Ark of the Covenant. Note also that the sword is guarding the way to the Tree of Life, and not the tree itself.