דממה כהתמודדות במקורות (Copy)

(א) וַיִּקְח֣וּ בְנֵֽי־אַ֠הֲרֹן נָדָ֨ב וַאֲבִיה֜וּא אִ֣ישׁ מַחְתָּת֗וֹ וַיִּתְּנ֤וּ בָהֵן֙ אֵ֔שׁ וַיָּשִׂ֥ימוּ עָלֶ֖יהָ קְטֹ֑רֶת וַיַּקְרִ֜בוּ לִפְנֵ֤י יְהוָה֙ אֵ֣שׁ זָרָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹ֦א צִוָּ֖ה אֹתָֽם׃ (ב) וַתֵּ֥צֵא אֵ֛שׁ מִלִּפְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה וַתֹּ֣אכַל אוֹתָ֑ם וַיָּמֻ֖תוּ לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ (ג) וַיֹּ֨אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֜ה אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֗ן הוּא֩ אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֨ר יְהוָ֤ה ׀ לֵאמֹר֙ בִּקְרֹבַ֣י אֶקָּדֵ֔שׁ וְעַל־פְּנֵ֥י כָל־הָעָ֖ם אֶכָּבֵ֑ד וַיִּדֹּ֖ם אַהֲרֹֽן׃

(1) Now Aaron’s sons Nadab and Abihu each took his fire pan, put fire in it, and laid incense on it; and they offered before the LORD alien fire, which He had not enjoined upon them. (2) And fire came forth from the LORD and consumed them; thus they died at the instance of the LORD. (3) Then Moses said to Aaron, “This is what the LORD meant when He said: Through those near to Me I show Myself holy, And gain glory before all the people.” And Aaron was silent.
וידם אהרן. קִבֵּל שָׂכָר עַל שְׁתִיקָתוֹ, וּמַה שָּׂכָר קִבֵּל? שֶׁנִּתְיַחֵד עִמּוֹ הַדִּבּוּר — שֶׁנֶּאֶמְרָה לוֹ לְבַדּוֹ פָּרָשַׁת שְׁתוּיֵי יַיִן (ויקרא רבה י"ב):
‎וידם אהרן AND AARON WAS SILENT — He received a reward for his silence. And what was the reward he received? That the subsequent Divine address was made to him alone and not to Moses also — for to him alone was spoken the section (vv. 9—11) dealing with those who are intoxicated by wine (see v. 8) (Zevachim 115b; Leviticus Rabbah 12 2).

וטעם וידום אהרן שהיה בוכה בקול ואז שתק או כטעם ואל תדום בת עינך (איכה ב יח)

This is what the LORD meant when He said: Where had He spoken this? In the statement (Exodus 29:43), “And there I will be met by the children of Israel and it (the Tabernacle) shall be sanctified by My glory (בכבודי).” Read not here בִכְבוֹדִי, “by My Glory” but בִּמְכֻבָּדַי, “through My honoured ones” (Zevachim 115b). Moses here said to Aaron: “My brother, Aaron! I knew that this House was to be sanctified by those who are beloved of the Omnipresent God and I thought it would be either through me or through thee; now I see that these (thy sons who have died) are greater than me and than thee!” (Leviticus Rabbah 12 2). these are [the words] of Rashi from a midrash of our Rabbis. But if so, its understanding would be [as if the words stated], "and I will be sanctified by My glory," such that I will be holy in the eyes of all of the people and of My honored ones." And [R. Ibn Ezra] also said, "'This is what God has told me' - God has already told me that He will manifest His holiness through those who are near Him — even if they must suffer for it, as in the passage 'You only have I known…' (Amos 3:2) [etc.," as in the citation above].Thus the verse means, “When I manifest myself in holiness among them, then I shall be glorified; and I shall be glorified in the face of all the people, and they shall fear Me.” But if so, it was told, but not written down [in the Torah] - that God informed him of His ways, that this trait of His is like this. And in my opinion, according to the plain-sense, there is no need for all this because God "said" God's decrees, and thoughts, and the matter of God's ways. And this "speech" is entirely "I said to myself," (Ecclesiastes 1:16) i.e. "I thought this." "This is the reason why Joshua had the circumcision performed." (Joshua 5:4) This is the matter of "because of the money." (Genesis 43:18) And so to, "and let her be a wife to your master’s son, as the LORD has spoken." (Genesis 24:51) And similarly, "He laid its foundations at the cost of Abiram his first-born, and set its gates in place at the cost of Segub his youngest, in accordance with the words that the LORD had spoken through Joshua son of Nun." (1 Kings 16:34) So behold, really Moses said in this verse was: "This is what the LORD meant when He said to Himself, through those near to Me I show Myself holy so that my holiness will not be ruined and I will gain glory before all the people so that they will behave respectfully in my Tabernacle. And the reason that Aaron was silent was that he was crying loudly and fell silent.

(טו) וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ (טז) בֶּן־אָדָ֕ם הִנְנִ֨י לֹקֵ֧חַ מִמְּךָ֛ אֶת־מַחְמַ֥ד עֵינֶ֖יךָ בְּמַגֵּפָ֑ה וְלֹ֤א תִסְפֹּד֙ וְלֹ֣א תִבְכֶּ֔ה וְל֥וֹא תָב֖וֹא דִּמְעָתֶֽךָ׃ (יז) הֵאָנֵ֣ק ׀ דֹּ֗ם מֵתִים֙ אֵ֣בֶל לֹֽא־תַֽעֲשֶׂ֔ה פְאֵֽרְךָ֙ חֲב֣וֹשׁ עָלֶ֔יךָ וּנְעָלֶ֖יךָ תָּשִׂ֣ים בְּרַגְלֶ֑יךָ וְלֹ֤א תַעְטֶה֙ עַל־שָׂפָ֔ם וְלֶ֥חֶם אֲנָשִׁ֖ים לֹ֥א תֹאכֵֽל׃

(15) The word of the LORD came to me: (16) O mortal, I am about to take away the delight of your eyes from you through pestilence; but you shall not lament or weep or let your tears flow. (17) Moan softly; observe no mourning for the dead: Put on your turban and put your sandals on your feet; do not cover over your upper lip, and do not eat the bread of comforters.”

(א) האנק דם האנקה תהיה בדממה שלא ישמע אדם,

שער העשרים ואחד - שער השתיקה ב השתיקה והדברים.

אמר רבן שמעון בן גמליאל (אבות א יז): כל ימי גדלתי בין החכמים, ולא מצאתי לגוף טוב אלא שתיקה. וכן אמר שלמה המלך עליו השלום (משלי יז כח): "גם אויל מחריש – חכם יחשב". ואמר החכם: כשאני מדבר – הוא מושל בי, כי אם אני מדבר אל האדם דבר שאינו הגון – אותו הדבור מושל בי, ומצריכני להיכנע לפניו ולבקש ממנו מחילה. וכשאיני מדבר – אני מושל מלאומרו ומלהסתירו.

אמרו רבותינו זכרונם לברכה: שני דיקולוגין [סניגורים] היו עומדים לפני אנדרינוס, והיה אחד מלמד על הדיבור שהוא יפה, ואחד מלמד על השתיקה שהיא יפה. אמר המלך לאותו שהיה מלמד על הדיבור שהוא יפה: איך אתה אומר? אמר לו: מרי! אלמלא הדיבור איך המלכים מתמלכים בעולם, ואיך ספינות פורשות לים, איך המתים נגמלים חסד, איך הכלות משתבחות, איך משא ומתן בעולם? מיד אמר לו המלך אנדרינוס: יפה דברת! אמר לו למלמד על השתיקה שהיא יפה: איך שיבחת את השתיקה? מיד בא לדבר. בא אותו שהוא מלמד על הדיבור שהוא יפה וסטרו. אמר לו המלך: למה סטרת אותו? אמר לו: מורי! אני לימדתי משלי על שלי, כי לימדתי מן הדבור על הדבור. וזה בא ללמד משלי על שלו! לכן סטרתי אותו.

apter Twenty One: ON SILENCE Silence is one of the virtues mentioned in Ethics of the Fathers. Rabbi Simon, the son of Gamliel, said, "All my days I grew up among the Sages, and I have found nothing better for a person than silence" (Aboth 1:17). And thus said king Solomon, "Even a fool, when he holdeth his peace, is counted wise" (Prov. 17:28). And the wise man said, "When I speak, my speech rules over me, for when I utter something that is not worthy, that utterance rules over me and forces me at times to beg the pardon of whoever has heard me, but when I do not speak I rule over whether I want to give expression to a thought or whether I want to conceal it." Our Sages said (Yalkut Shimoni, Beha'alotkha) : Two advocates stood before Hadrian; one taught that speech was best and one taught that silence was best. The king said to the one who taught that speech is best, "Why do you say this?" And he said to him, "My Lord, if it were, not for speech how would kings be proclaimed? How would ships sail to the sea? How would kindness be done to the dead by way of eulogy? How would brides be praised? How would business be carried on in the world?" At once, King Hadrian said to him, "Well have you spoken!" Then he said to the one that taught that silence is best, "Why have you have praised silence?" Just as the man was about to answer the first advocate interrupted him. The king said to him, "Why did you interrupt him?" said he, "My Lord, I taught from what is mine concerning what is mine, for I taught by speech the value of speech, but he comes to teach by my means, speech, concerning that which he believes in, silence. Therefore I interrupted him." Said the other advocate to him, "Solomon did not say that God would have you sit as silent as a deaf mute. But he said, 'In the multitude of words there wanteth not transgression; but he that refraineth his lips is wise" (Prov. 10:19). This means that one ought to restrain himself from speaking against his fellow man. There is no one greater than Aaron or Miriam — through Miriam's merit a well sprang up and gave drink, and clouds of glory would surround Israel through the merit of Aaron. But inasmuch as they gave permission to their mouths and they spoke against Moses, they were at once punished (Num. 12).

סיפור חסידי על שתיקה

פעם אחת ישב רבי מֶנדְל מווּרְקי עם חסידיו בסעודה סביב שולחנו. ישבו במשך שעות ארוכות - איש מבין היושבים לא פצה פיו, ולא נשמע כל קול. מרוב חרדה ורוממות רוח מפניו, דממה מוחלטת שררה בחדר, עד שניתן היה לשמוע את רחש הזבוב שפרח מן הקיר. כה גדולה הייתה השתיקה.

בין היושבים היה גם רבי יצחק יעקב רבּינוֹביץ.

בתום הסעודה ולאחר שבירכו על המזון אמר ר' יצחק יעקב לסובבים אותו: "היום ערך הרבי את שולחנו – ה'טִיש' – באופן מיוחד במינו. הוא לימדני ושאל שאלות נוקבות וחודרות אל תוך תוכם של העורקים, עד שאלה איימו להתפקע. אולם אני לא הרפיתי. עניתי לו על כל הדברים שעליהם שאל."

היה הדבר לפלא, שכן שום קול לא נשמע מפיהם של ר' מנדל ור' יצחק יעקב.