Vampires, Zombies... and Kashrut!

Disclaimer: Although this source sheet is a compilation of traditional source material, the conclusions one may reach should not, in any way, represent mainstream understandings or interpretations of Jewish law. This source sheet is meant in good fun, and in service of learning and playing in the well-spring of Torah.

Part 1: The kashrut status of Humans

(ב) לְפִיכָךְ כָּל הָאוֹכֵל מִבְּשַׂר בְּהֵמָה וְחַיָּה טְמֵאָה כְּזַיִת לוֹקֶה מִן הַתּוֹרָה. בֵּין שֶׁאָכַל מִן הַבָּשָׂר בֵּין שֶׁאָכַל מִן הַחֵלֶב. לֹא חִלֵּק הַכָּתוּב בִּטְמֵאִים בֵּין בְּשָׂרָם לְחֶלְבָּם:

(ג) הָאָדָם אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בּוֹ (בראשית ב ז) "וַיְהִי הָאָדָם לְנֶפֶשׁ חַיָּה" אֵינוֹ מִכְּלַל מִינֵי חַיָּה בַּעֲלַת פַּרְסָה לְפִיכָךְ אֵינוֹ בְּלֹא תַּעֲשֶׂה. וְהָאוֹכֵל מִבְּשַׂר הָאָדָם אוֹ מֵחֶלְבּוֹ בֵּין מִן הַחַי בֵּין מִן הַמֵּת אֵינוֹ לוֹקֶה. אֲבָל אָסוּר הוּא בַּעֲשֵׂה שֶׁהֲרֵי מָנָה הַכָּתוּב שִׁבְעַת מִינֵי חַיָּה וְאָמַר בָּהֶן (ויקרא יא ב) "זֹאת הַחַיָּה אֲשֶׁר תֹּאכְלוּ" הָא כָּל שֶׁהוּא חוּץ מֵהֶן לֹא תֹּאכְלוּ וְלָאו הַבָּא מִכְּלַל עֲשֵׂה עֲשֵׂה:

(2) Therefore anyone who eats an olive sized portion of the meat of a non-kosher domesticated animal or wild beasts is liable for lashes according to Scriptural Law. This applies whether he partook of the meat or the fat. For the Torah did not distinguish between the meat and fat of non-kosher animals.

(3) [Regarding] humans, even though it says (Gen. 2:7): "And the human became a beast with a soul," they are not included in the category of hoofed animals. Therefore, they are not included in the [above] prohibition. Accordingly, one who partakes of meat or fat from a human - whether alive or deceased - is not liable for lashes. It is, however, forbidden [to partake of human meat] because of the positive commandment [mentioned above]. Indeed, the Torah lists seven species of kosher wild beasts and says (Lev. 11:2): "These are the beasts of which you may partake." So, everything [in this category] besides these is not eaten. And a negative commandment that comes as a result of a positive commandment is considered as a positive commandment.

(ב) חֲלֵב הָאָדָם מֻתָּר בַּאֲכִילָה אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁבְּשַׂר הָאָדָם אָסוּר בַּאֲכִילָה. וּכְבָר בֵּאַרְנוּ שֶׁהוּא בַּעֲשֵׂה:

It is permitted to consume human (breast)milk even though human meat is forbidden from consumption. We have already explained that this is a positive commandment.

(ג) דְּבַשׁ דְּבוֹרִים וּדְבַשׁ צְרָעִים מֻתָּר מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאֵינוֹ מִתַּמְצִית גּוּפָן אֶלָּא כּוֹנְסִין אוֹתוֹ מִן הָעֲשָׂבִים בְּתוֹךְ פִּיהֶן וּמְקִיאִין אוֹתוֹ בַּכַּוֶּרֶת כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּמְצְאוּ אוֹתוֹ לֶאֱכל מִמֶּנּוּ בִּימוֹת הַגְּשָׁמִים:

Honey from a bee or honey from a hornet is permitted, since it is not a product of their bodies. Rather, it is collected in their mouths from the weeds and then expelled in their hive so that they can eat it in the rainy season.

Part 2: Pikuach nefesh and the eating of forbidden foods

מתני׳ עוברה שהריחה מאכילין אותה עד שתשיב נפשה חולה מאכילין אותו ע"פ בקיאין ואם אין שם בקיאין מאכילין אותו על פי עצמו עד שיאמר די גמ׳ ת"ר עוברה שהריחה בשר קודש או בשר חזיר תוחבין לה כוש ברוטב ומניחין לה על פיה אם נתיישבה דעתה מוטב ואם לאו מאכילין אותה רוטב עצמה ואם נתיישבה דעתה מוטב ואם לאו מאכילין אותה שומן עצמו שאין לך דבר שעומד בפני פקוח נפש חוץ מע"ז וגילוי עריות ושפיכות דמים.

MISHNA: A pregnant woman who smelled food [on Yom Kippur]: feed her until she recovers, as failure to do so could lead to a life-threatening situation. If a person is ill, feed them according to the advise of experts. And if there are no experts there, feed them according to their own instructions, until they say enough. GEMARA: The Sages taught: With regard to a pregnant woman who smelled consecrated meat or pig meat, one inserts a thin reed into the juice and places it on her mouth. If her mind become settled, it is well. And if not, one feeds her the gravy itself . If her mind becomes settled, it is well. And if not, one feeds her the fat of the forbidden food itself - as there is no halakha that stands in the way of saving a life except for idol worship, and forbidden sexual relationships, and bloodshed.

This, of course, leaves us with some important (and perhaps unanswerable) questions:

  • What is the "living" status of the undead?
  • Do they possess a nefesh?
  • How and in what way does this mean that halachot that are connected to pikuach nefesh may or may not apply?

Part 3: Vampires

(יא) כִּ֣י נֶ֣פֶשׁ הַבָּשָׂר֮ בַּדָּ֣ם הִוא֒ וַאֲנִ֞י נְתַתִּ֤יו לָכֶם֙ עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַ לְכַפֵּ֖ר עַל־נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶ֑ם כִּֽי־הַדָּ֥ם ה֖וּא בַּנֶּ֥פֶשׁ יְכַפֵּֽר׃

(11) For the life of the flesh is in the blood, and I have assigned it to you for making expiation for your lives upon the altar; it is the blood, as life, that effects expiation.

(טז) רַ֥ק הַדָּ֖ם לֹ֣א תֹאכֵ֑לוּ עַל־הָאָ֥רֶץ תִּשְׁפְּכֶ֖נּוּ כַּמָּֽיִם׃

(16) But you must not partake of the blood; you shall pour it out on the ground like water.

(י) דַּם שְׁרָצִים שֶׁפָּרַשׁ וּכְנָסוֹ וַאֲכָלוֹ לוֹקֶה עָלָיו בִּכְזַיִת. וְהוּא שֶׁיַּתְרוּ בּוֹ מִשּׁוּם אוֹכֵל שֶׁרֶץ. אֲבָל אִם הִתְרוּ בּוֹ מִשּׁוּם אוֹכֵל דָּם פָּטוּר. שֶׁאֵין חַיָּבִין אֶלָּא עַל דַּם בְּהֵמָה חַיָּה וְעוֹף:

When a person collects the blood of teeming animals and eats of it, one receive lashes [if one eats a portion] the size of an olive. [This applies] if one was warned against eating it because [it was from] a teeming animal. If, however, one is warned against eating because [of the prohibition against] eating blood, one is not liable. For we are liable only for the blood of domesticated animals, wild beasts, and fowl.

אמר רב ששת, "דם מהלכי שתים אפילו מצות פרוש אין בו". מיתיבי: "דם הטחול, דם הלב, דם הכליות, דם אברים הרי אלו בלא תעשה. דם מהלכי שתים דם שרצים ורמשים אסור ואין חייב עליו?!" כי תניא אסור דפירש כי קאמר רב בדלא פירש כדתניא "דם שעל גבי ככר גוררו ואוכלו של בין השינים מוצץ ובולע" ואינו איכא"

Rav Sheshet said, in the case of human blood (lit: one who walks on two legs) one is not even enjoined to refrain from it. An objection was raised: [But wasn't it taught] "the blood of the spleen, or of the heart or of the kidneys or of any other limb is subject to a prohibition; the blood of those that walk on two legs or that of reptiles and creeping things is forbidden, but one is not liable for it!" The ruling of the baraita that it is forbidden refers to the case where it had been separated, but in the instance of Rav it had not been separated; as it has been taught: "The blood found on a loaf of bread must be scraped away and the loaf may be eaten; that between the teeth may be sucked and swallowed without hesitation."

(ד) אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁחֲלֵב אָדָם מֻתָּר אָסְרוּ חֲכָמִים לְגָדוֹל לִינֹק אוֹתוֹ מִן הַשָּׁדַיִם אֶלָּא חוֹלֶבֶת אִשָּׁה לְתוֹךְ הַכְּלִי וְשׁוֹתֶה. וְגָדוֹל שֶׁיָּנַק מִן הַשָּׁד כְּיוֹנֵק שֶׁרֶץ וּמַכִּין אוֹתוֹ מַכַּת מַרְדּוּת:

Although human milk is permitted, the Sages prohibited an adult to nurse from breasts. Instead, the woman should express it into a container and the adult should partake of it. An adult who nurses from a breast is like one who nurses from a teeming animal. They are given stripes for rebellious conduct.

Part 4: Zombies

Additional problems for Zombies...

There are, even without entering into a conversation about Kashrut, several additional challenges that being a member of the "undead" would present halachically that pose a serious impediment to participation in Jewish communal life. These include:

  1. A zombie has the halachic status of a Met (dead person)
    • Metim are not obligated to perform mitzvot or learn Torah. Since they are not obligated to mitzvot, they could not lead prayer or participate in many other areas of Jewish life.
    • It would also not be optimal to daven or perform other mitzvot in front of a zombie because of lo'eg lerosh (ridiculing the helpless), since a zombie cannot do mitzvot anymore.
  2. Can a zombie enter a shul?
    • Issues around the prohibition of tumat met (the impurity of a dead body)
    • Balancing the prohibition against learning Torah, praying, or even reciting b'rachot in a place with a strong smell
  3. Could a zombie create their own zombie shul?
    • Not really - they would not be able to keep any sacred texts or Torah scrolls in it, as the zombie members themselves would render these items tamei (impure) as they came into contact with them.