משנה: מֵאֵימָתַי אֵין קוֹצְצִין אֶת הָאִילָן בַּשְּׁבִיעִית בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים כָּל־הָאִילָן מִשֶּׁיּוֹצִיא. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים הֶחָרוּבִים מִשֶּׁיְּשַׁלְשְׁלוּ וְהַגְּפָנִים מִשֶּׁיַגְרִעוּ וְהַזֵּיתִים מִשֶּׁיֵּנִיצוּ וּשְׁאָר כָּל־הָאִילָן מִשֶּׁיּוֹצִיא. וְכָל־הָאִילָן כֵּיוָן שֶׁבָּא לְעוֹנַת הַמַּעְשְׂרוֹת מוּתָּר לְקוֹצְצוֹ. וְכַמָּה יְהֵא בְזַיִת וְלֹא יְקוֹצֶנּוּ רוֹבַע רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר הַכֹּל לְפִי הַזַּיִת. MISHNAH: When may one not cut down a tree in the Sabbatical year109One may not cut down a fruit tree as long as it is valuable (Deuteronomy.20.19">Deut. 20:19). This is discussed at the end of this Mishnah. In the Sabbatical year, when the fruit is public property, one may not cut down a tree once it has started to bear fruit until all fruit has been harvested from it.? The House of Shammai say, every tree when it starts110According to Maimonides, when its fruit has started to develop; according to Pesachim 52b-53a" href="/Rashi_on_Pesachim.52b-53a">Rashi (Pesaḥim 52b/53a) when it started to grow new leaves. “Forming chains” refers to developing clusters of pods containing seeds.. But the House of Hillel say, carob trees when they form clusters, vines when they produce fluid111Cf. Arabic جرع “to drink”., olive trees when they have flower buds, all other trees when they start. Any tree may be cut down112After the fruits have been harvested from the tree. once it[s fruit] has reached the stage of tithes. How much should be on an olive tree so one should not cut it down? A quarter [qab]. Rabban Simeon ben Gamliel says, all according to the olive tree113If the value of the olive wood is greater than the value of the olive harvest from the tree..
הלכה: מֵאֵימָתַי אֵין קוֹצְצִין כו׳. תַּנָּא רִבִּי חִינְנָא בַּר פַּפָּא חֲרוּבִין שִׁילְשׁוּלָן הוּא חֲנָטָן. גְּפָנִים מִשֶּׁיַגְרִיעוּ. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹנָה מִשֶּׁיִּזְלְחוּ מַיִם. כְּמַה דְּאַתְּ אָמַר כִּי יְגָרַע נִטְפֵי מַיִם יְזוּקוּ מָטָר לְאֵידוֹ. זֵיתִים מִשֶּׁיֵּנִיצוּ. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹנָה מִשֶּׁהִכְנִיסוּ רוֹבַע. מַה רוֹבַע נֵץ אוֹ רוֹבַע זֵיתִים. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹנָה לְאֵי דוּ נֵץ שֶׁהוּא עוֹשֶׂה רוֹבַע זֵתִים. HALAKHAH: “When may one not cut down”, etc. Rebbi Ḥinena bar Pappa stated, for carob trees their forming clusters means their sprouting. “Vines when they produce fluid,” Rebbi Jonah said when they flow with water, as you say (Job.36.27">Job 36:27): “He draws the waterdrops that distill rain from their mist.” “Olive trees when they have flower buds”, Rebbi Jonah said, when they bring a quarter [qab]. A quarter [qab] of flower buds or a quarter [qab] of olives? Rebbi Jonah said, that means, flower buds which will yield a quarter [qab] of olives.
אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹנָה כְּתִיב כִּי יִשַּׁל זֵיתֶיךָ. חַד לִתְלַת מֵאָה וְאַרְבָּעִין קִייֵם בָּהּ. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹנָה כְּתִיב כִּי עֵץ נָשָׂא פִרְיוֹ מַגִּיד שֶׁלֹא נָשָׂא פִירְיוֹ בָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה. וּתְאֵינָה וַגֶּפֶן נָֽתְנוּ חֵילָם מַגִּיד שֶׁלֹא נָֽתְנוּ חֵילֶם בָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה. Rebbi Jonah115Since R. Jonah was mentioned in the preceding paragraph, his homilies are appended here. said (Deuteronomy.28.40">Deut. 28:40): “Your olives will fall off,” one in 340 were kept116The numerical value of י̇ש̇ל̇ is 340. Rebbi Jonah said (Joel.2.22">Joel 2:22): “For the tree will bear its fruit” means that the tree is not bearing its fruit in this world117“This world” in the Yerushalmi means the world before the coming of the Messiah. The implication is that in the days of the Messiah produce will be so abundant that the rabbinic rules governing the details of tithing and Sabbatical will have to be changed., “and fig tree and vine will give their strength” means that they are not giving their strength in this world.
אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹנָה בְשֵׁם רִבִּי חָמָא בַּר חֲנִינָא הַמֵּת בְּשֶׁבַע שְׁנֵי גוֹג אֵין לוֹ חֶלֶק לְעָתִיד לָבוֹא סִימָנָא דְּאָכַל פְּרוֹטָּגַּמִּיָּא אֲכִיל מַשְׁתּוּתָא. שָׁמַע רִבִּי יוֹסֵי וְאָמַר וְיֵאוּת עַד כְּדוֹן אִית תְּתוּבָה לְעָֽלְמָא דְּאָתֵי. רִבִּי יוֹנָה בְשֵׁם רִּבִּי חִייָה בַּר אַשִּׁי עֲתִידִין הֵן חֲבֵירִין לְהִתְיַיגֵּעַ מִבָּתֵּי כְּנֵיסִיּוֹת לְבָתַּי מִדְרָשׁוֹת מַה טַעֲמָא יֵלְכוּ מֵחַיִל אֶל חָיִל יִרְאֶה אֵל אֱלֹהִים בְּצִיּוֹן עַד יִרְאֶה אֵל אֱלֹהִים בְּצִיּוֹן. Rebbi Jonah said in the name of Rebbi Ḥama bar Ḥanina: He who dies in the seven years of Gog119Described in Ezekiel.38-39">Ez. Chapters 38–39. In the opinion of the preacher here, the days of Gog are immediately followed by the coming of the Messiah and the resurrection of the dead. According to this opinion, one who dies immediately before the resurrection has no part in it, otherwise he would not have died. has no part in the Future World. Its sign is, he who ate at the preliminary wedding feast120Cf. Demay p. 484. shall eat at the wedding feast. Rebbi Yose heard this and said, is that true? So far there is repentance for the Future World121Everybody has his chance at the Future World.! Rebbi Jonah in the name of Rebbi Ḥiyya bar Ashi122He is Rav Ḥiyya bar Ashi. In the Berakhot.64a">Babli, Berakhot 64a, his statement is quoted as originating with Rav.: In the future, fellows will exert themselves from synagogues to houses of study. What is the reason? (Psalms.84.8">Ps. 84:8) “They will go from strength to strength, he will see the Power, God, in Zion,” until he will see the Power, God, in Zion123This Zion is the Heavenly Zion, place of the resurrection, since in this world, God cannot be seen. This leads to the next paragraph on those who have part in the resurrection..
רַבָּנִין דְּקֵיסָרִין אָֽמְרִין קְטַנֵּי גוֹיִם וְחַייְלוֹתָיו שֶׁל נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר לֹא חַייִן וְלֹא נִידּוֹנִין וַעֲלֵיהֶן הוּא אוֹמֵר וְיָֽשְׁנוּ שְׁנַת עוֹלָם וְלֹא יָקִיצוּ. מֵאֵימָתַי קְטַנֵּי יִשְׂרָאֵל חַייִן רִבִּי חִייָא רוֹבָה וְרִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בְּרִבִּי חַד אָמַר מִשֶּׁיִּװָֽלְדוּ. וְחַד אָמַר מִשֶּׁיְּדַבְּרוּ. מָאן דְּאָמַר מִשֶּׁיִּװָֽלְדוּ יָבוֹאוּ וְיַגִּידוּ צִדְקָתוֹ לְעַם נוֹלָד כִּי עָשָׂה. וּמָאן דְּאָמַר מִשֶּׁיְּדַבְּרוּ זֶרַע יַעַבְדֶּנּוּ יְסוּפָּר לַיי֨ לַדּוֹר. תַּנֵּי בְשֵׁם רִבִּי מֵאִיר מִשֶּׁהוּא יוֹדֵעַ לַעֲנוֹת אָמַן בְּבֵית הַכְּנֶסֶת מַה טַעֲמָא פִּתְחוּ שְׁעָרִים וְיָבוֹא גוֹי צַדִּיק שׁוֹמֵר אֱמוּנִים. תַּמָּן אָֽמְרִי מִשֶׁיִּמּוֹלוּ נָשָׂאתִי אֵימֶיךָ אָפוּנָה. וְרַבָּנִין דְּהָכָא אָֽמְרִין מִשֶּׁיִּוָּֽלְדוּ וּלְצִיּוֹן יֹאמַר אִישׁ אִישׁ יוּלָּד בָּהּ וְהוּא יְכוֹנְנֶיהָ עֶלְיוֹן. רִבִּי לָֽעְזָר אָמַר אֲפִילוּ נְפָלִים מַה טַעֲמָא וּנְצוּרֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לְהָשִׁיב. וּנְצִירֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לְהָשִׁיב. The rabbis of Caesarea say, Gentile minors124In the Sanhedrin.110b">Babli, Sanhedrin 110b, this is restricted to minor children of evil Gentiles. Cf. Berakhot Chapter Nine, Notes 71 ff. and the armies of Nebucadnezzar will not live and will not be judged; about them it says (Jeremiah.51.39">Jer. 51:39,Jeremiah.51.57">57): “They will sleep an eternal sleep and never wake up.” From when do Jewish minors live? The elder Rebbi Ḥiyya and Rebbi Simeon ben Rebbi, one said from when they are born, the other said from when they talk125Also in the Sanhedrin.110b">Babli, Sanhedrin110b.. He who says from when they are born (Psalms.22.32">Ps. 22:32): “they shall come and tell His justice to the born people He made.” He who says from when they talk (Psalms.22.31">Ps. 22:31): “Seed will worship Him, it will by told to the Master by the generation.” It was stated in the name of Rebbi Meïr: From the time [the child] knows to answer Amen in the synagogue. What is the reason? (Isaiah.26.2">Is. 26:2) “Open the gates, let the just people come who keep trust126In the Sanhedrin.110b">Babli, Sanhedrin 110b and Shabbat.119b">Sabbath 119b, it is explained that those who keep trust are those who respond Amen, “trustworthy”..” There they say, from when they are circumcised (Psalms.88.16">Ps. 88:16): “I carried your fear, I cease”127For the translation, cf. Arabic فني "to cease". Once the baby carries the fear of the Eternal, being circumcised, even if it ceases to exist it has part of the salvation expressed in the Psalm. But the rabbis from here say, from when they are born (Psalms.87.5">Ps. 87:5): “He will say to Zion128The Heavenly Zion., everybody [who] was born [is] in it.” Rebbi Eleazar says, even the still-born, what is the reason? (Isaiah.49.6">Is. 49:6) “The watched ones of Israel to return”, the created ones of Israel to return129.