משנה: רִבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר הַצָּד צִפּוֹר לַמִּגְדָּל וּצְבִי לַבָּיִת חַייָב. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים צִפּוֹר לַמִּגְדָּל וּצְבִי לַגִּינָּה וְלֶחָצֵר וְלַבֵּיבָרִין. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר לֹא כָל־הַבִּיבָרִין שָׁוִין. זֶה הַכְּלָל כָּל־הַמְחוּסַּר צִידָה פָּטוּר וְשֶׁאֵינוֹ מְחוּסַּר צִידָה חַייָב׃ MISHNAH: Rebbi Jehudah says, one who catches a bird for a cage or a deer for a house is liable, but the Sages say, a bird for a cage and a deer for a garden, or a courtyard, or a vivarium7The Mishnaic word is a transcription of the Latin.
Animals trapped in a house are effectively caught. Animals held in a large enough vegetable garden or vivarium still have a chance to evade being grabbed.. Rebbi Simeon ben Gamliel says, not all vivaria are equal. The principle: In every case where it still needs catching, he is not liable, if it does not need catching he is liable.
הלכה: ה׳. אָמַר רִבִּי חִינְנָא. מַתְנִיתָא דְלֹא כְּרִבִּי יְהוּדָה. דְּתַנִּינָן. הַצָּד צִפּוֹר לַמִּגְדָּל וּצְבִי לַבָּיִת חַייָב. הָא לְגִינָּה וּלְבִיבָרִין פָּטוּר. מִחְלְפָה שִׁיטָּתֵיהּ דְּרִבִּי יְהוּדָה. דְּתַנִּינָן תַּמָּן. אֵין צָדִין דָּגִים מִן הַבִּיבָרִין וְאֵין נוֹתְנִין לִפְנֵיהֶן מְזוֹנוֹת. הָא לְגִינָּה וּלְבִיבָרִין פָּטוּר. מִחְלְפָה שִׁיטָּתִין דְּרַבָּנִין. דְּתַנִּינָן. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים צִפּוֹר לַמִּגְדָּל וּצְבִי לַגִּינָּה וְלֶחָצֵר וְלַבִּיבָרִין. וְתַנִּינָן תַּמָּן. אֲבָל צָדִין חַיָּה וָעוֹף מִן הַבִּיבָרִין וְנוֹתְנִין לִפְנֵיהֶן מְזוֹנוֹת. הָא לְגִינָּה וּלְחָצֵר לֹא. כָּאן בְּחָצֵר מְקוּרָה. כָּאן בְּחָצֵר שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְקוּרָה. וְהָא תַנִּינָן. גִּינָּה. אִית לָךְ מֵימַר. גִּינָּה מְקוּרָה. אֶלָּא כָאן בִּגְדוֹלָה כָָּאן בִּקְטַנָּה. רִבִּי עוּלָּא אָמַר. בְּעוֹן קוֹמֵי רִבִּי אָחָא. מַה נִיתְנֵי. כָּל־הַמְחוּסָּר צִידָה חַייָב וְשֶׁאֵינוֹ מְחוּסָּר צִידָה פָּטוּר. אָמַר לוֹן. וְלֹא בִמְגַפֵּל לְתוֹכָהּ אֲנָן קַייָמִין. אֶלָּא כָּל־הַמְחוּסָּר צִידָה אָסוּר וְשֶׁאֵינוֹ מְחוּסָּר צִידָה מוּתָּר. אָמַר רִבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל אֲחוֹי דְרִבִּי בְרֶכְיָה. כָּל־שֶׁהוּא מְחוּסָּר נַשְׁבִּים מְחוּסָּר צִידָה וְשֶׁאֵינוֹ מְחוּסָּר נַשְׁבִּים אֵינוֹ מְחוּסָּר צִידָה. HALAKHAH: 560This paragraph, referring to Shabbat 13:5:1" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Shabbat.13.5.1">Mishnah 5, is a copy from Halakhah Beṣah 3:1. The references to the Mishnah Beṣah as “there” are almost correct.. Rebbi Ḥinena said, our Mishnah61The Mishnah in Beṣah. dos not follow Rebbi Jehudah, as we have stated: “62Shabbat 13:5:1" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Shabbat.13.5.1">Mishnah 5 here, a statement of R. Jehudah. one who catches a bird for a cage or a deer for a house is liable;” therefore for a garden or a vivarium he is not liable7The Mishnaic word is a transcription of the Latin.
Animals trapped in a house are effectively caught. Animals held in a large enough vegetable garden or vivarium still have a chance to evade being grabbed.. The argument of Rebbi Jehudah is inverted since we have stated there63Beitzah 3:1:1-3" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Beitzah.3.1.1-3">Mishnah Beṣah 3:1, an anonymous statement.: “one does not catch fish from vivaria, one does not feed them,” therefore for a garden or a vivarium he is not liable? The argument of the rabbis is inverted, as we have stated: “but the Sages say, a bird for a cage and a deer for a garden, or a courtyard, or a vivarium,” and we have stated there63Beitzah 3:1:1-3" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Beitzah.3.1.1-3">Mishnah Beṣah 3:1, an anonymous statement., “but one catches wild animals and fowl from vivaria and feeds them,” therefore not for a garden or a vivarium64How can the rabbis forbid catching a deer in a vegetable garden as a Sabbath violation but allow it on a holiday? This contradicts the statement (Megillah 1:3:1" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Megillah.1.3.1">Mishnah Megillah 1:5) that the only difference between prohibited work on Sabbath and Holiday refers to the preparation of food. It is explained in Beṣah that preparation of meat starts with slaughter; anything preceding this is not exempt from the prohibition of work.? One for a covered courtyard, the other for a courtyard which is not covered65A courtyard covered by a roof is a house. The Shabbat.106b">Babli 106b, Beitzah.24a">Beṣah 24a restricts this answer to vivaria.. But did we not state “a garden”? Can you say a covered garden66Nothing would grow in a vegetable garden devoid of sunlight. The answer cannot be correct.? But here a large one, there a small one67A small garden is one where the deer can be taken without effort, a large one where one has to use tools to catch the deer; Shabbat.106b">Babli 106b, Beitzah.24a">Beṣah 24a. The question now arises how to define “small” and “large” for practical application.. Rebbi Ulla said, they asked before Rebbi Aḥa, how should one state? In any case where catching is still missing one is liable, but if catching is not missing one is not liable68This discussion refers to the last statement in Beitzah 3:1:1-3" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Beitzah.3.1.1-3">Mishnah Beṣah 3:1. Should one say that for large vivaria, taking animals on a holiday is a biblical violation even though this seems to contradict the formulation of the first part Beitzah 3:1:1-3" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Beitzah.3.1.1-3">Mishnah Beṣah 3:1.? He answered them, do we not deal with the case that he corrals them into it? But “in any case where catching is still missing it is forbidden, but if catching is not missing it is permitted”69This is the traditional formulation of the last statement in Beitzah 3:1:1-3" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Beitzah.3.1.1-3">Mishnah Beṣah 3:1 in the name of Rabban Simeon ben Gamliel, in contrast to the formulation in Šabbat 13:5. The prohibition is rabbinic since animals in a corral are no longer wild. The next statement translates the criterion into a practical rule. The Beitzah.24a">Babli Beṣah 24a has a different rule.. Rebbi Samuel, Rebbi Berekhiah’s brother, said: any which needs nets needs catching, what does not need nets does not need catching.
שׁוֹחְטִין מִן הַנְּגָרִין. אֵין שׁוֹחְטִין לֹא מִן הַמִּכְמוֹרוֹת וְלֹא מִן הַמְצוּדוֹת. רִבִּי יוֹסֵי בַּר בּוּן בְּשֵׁם רִבִּי אִמִּי. מְצַדְתָּא דְּשִׁיתַּאי. שְׁמוּאֵל. צַד הוּא בְפִיתָם. רַב אָמַר. סִכְרָא דִנְהָרָא שָׁרֵי. אָמַר רִבִּי יוּדָן. כְּהַהִיא דְטַסִּים. “One may slaughter from containers, one may not slaughter from fishermen’s nets or from traps.70Tosephta Beṣah 3:1; Beitzah.24b">Babli Beṣah 24b. This paragraph has no connection with the laws of the Sabbath. It was added to the ms. by the corrector, obviously from a ms. representing a different spelling tradition.” Rebbi Yose bar Abun in the name of Rebbi Immi: a net of warp71It does not have to be a real net with threads knotted crosswise; even a net of parallel threads or wires spanned between two rods is a tool whose use on a holiday is forbidden.. Samuel [said]72Added from Beṣah., one may catch with a barrel73Greek πίθος, ὁ. Scooping up fish from an aquarium using a wide-belly clay vessel is not catching.. Rav said, the sluice of a water canal is permitted. Rebbi Yudan said, those between the plates74While one may not take fish from an open water canal, if part of it is closed off by planks on either side it was transformed into an aquarium from which fish may be taken..