Rendering Wild

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Moses saw that the people were out of control—since Aaron had let them get out of control—so that they were a menace to any who might oppose them.

כי פרוע הוא, they are totally corrupt, committing their sins in public without shame. The public deeds reveal their deep-seated corruption.

Sforno on Exodus 32:25:1

AND MOSES SAW THAT THE PEOPLE WERE ‘PHARUA’ (BROKEN LOOSE). The meaning of this is that although Aaron defended himself and said that he was not at fault with them, yet Moses knew in his heart that the people were broken loose — For they are a nation void of counsel, and there is no understanding in them. It is similar to the expression, ‘vatiphr’u’ (and ye have set at nought) all my counsel, and similar also to the verse, for ‘hiphria’ (he had cast away restraint) in Judah, and acted treacherously against the Eternal…

Ramban on Exodus 32:25:1-2

When there was feroa peraot: When there was the takings of vengeance. As the Targum of (Numbers 31:2), "Nekom nikmat (Take vengeance)," is "Itpera puranuta."

Radak on Judges 5:2:1

When Yisroel was inundated with breaches. When breaches befell Yisroel; when their enemies invaded them because they deserted Adonoy, and yet the people volunteered to repent—at this point, bless Adonoy for bringing deliverance.

Rashi on Judges 5:2:1

And Mosheh said to Aharon, and to Elasar and to Ithamar, his sons, Unbare not your heads, neither rend your garments, lest you die by the burning fire, and there be wrath upon all the congregation; but be silent and justify the judgment upon you, and let all your brethren of the house of Israel bewail the burning which the Lord hath kindled.

Targum Jonathan on Leviticus 10:6

LET NOT THE HAIR OF YOUR HEADS GO LOOSE. “[This means]: do not grow your hair long. From this [the fact that Scripture forbade these particular mourners to let their hair grow long], we learn that a mourner is forbidden to cut his hair. [Moses thus said to them: Normally a mourner may not cut his hair], but you must not disturb the joy of G-d. THAT YE DIE NOT. But if you do this you shall die.” Thus far the language of Rashi.
Now that which Rashi says, “From this we learn that a mourner is forbidden to cut his hair,” is merely a Scriptural support for a Rabbinic enactment…

Ramban on Leviticus 10:6:1

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