Texts
Explore
Community
Donate
Log in
Sign up
Site Language
עברית
English
Laws of Sorting on Shabbat
Laws of the Calendar
Sources
A
The Sages taught
in a
baraita
with regard to the laws of selecting:
If there were
several
types of food before him,
and he wants to remove one or more from the mixture,
one selects and eats, selects and puts
aside.
And one may not select, and if one did select, he is liable to
bring
a sin-offering.
The Gemara asks:
What is
the
baraita
saying?
The end of this
baraita
contradicts the beginning.
Ulla said: It is saying as follows: One selects and eats
if he is doing so
for
the purpose of
that day…
Shabbat 74a:2-74b:1
Winnowing and selecting are primary categories of [forbidden] labor. Therefore, even though a person is permitted to remove grain from husks with his fingertips, when he blows air [over them to cause the husks to fall], he may do so [only while holding them] in one hand, blowing with all his strength. He may not, however, use a tray or a pot with compartments, lest he use a sifter or a strainer, for which he is liable.
Filtering dregs is a derivative [of either of the forbidden labors] of selecting or of sifting…
Mishneh Torah, Sabbath 21:17
A person who winnows or separates [an amount of food the size of] a dried fig is liable. Causing milk to curdle is a derivative [of the category] of separating.
Similarly, a person who separates the dregs from liquids is liable for having performed a derivative of separating or a derivative of sifting. [The particular category of forbidden labor is not defined,] because the labors of winnowing, separating, and sifting resemble each other. [If so,] why were they reckoned as three [separate categories? Because every labor that was performed in the Sanctuary is counted as a separate category…
Mishneh Torah, Sabbath 8:11-14
MISHNA:
One may pour water over sediment
that is in a strainer on Shabbat
so that it will become clear
and clean.
And
similarly,
one may filter wine through cloths and through an Egyptian basket
made from palm leaves. Since these liquids are drinkable even without filtering, doing so does not violate the prohibition of selecting.
And
likewise,
one may place an egg in a mustard strainer
in order to separate the yolk from the egg-white,
and one may prepare
anumlin
,
a wine-based drink,
on Shabbat…
Shabbat 139b:10-14
Mar Zutra said: The
halakha
is not in accordance with any of these statements. Rather, it is in accordance with this
one,
as it was stated: Mustard that one kneaded on Shabbat eve, on the following day he may dissolve it either by hand or with a vessel, and he may place honey in it. And
when he dissolves it
he may not beat
it forcefully as would a craftsman,
but
he may
mix
it gently.
Shabbat 140a:7
The Gemara relates:
Rav Naḥman bar Gurya happened
to come
to Neharde’a.
The students
asked him: For what
prohibited labor
is one who milks liable?
He
said to them: For milking. For what
prohibited labor
is one who sets milk
to curdle
liable?
He
said to them: For setting milk
to curdle.
For what is a person who makes cheese liable?
He
said to them: For making cheese.
They
said to him: Your teacher was a reed cutter in a swamp
who did not know how to explain the mishna to his students…
Shabbat 95a:3
Abaye raised an objection to
Rava from a
baraita
: In the case of
one who husks kernels
of grain
on Shabbat eve, on the following day,
on Shabbat itself,
he may winnow
the chaff in an irregular manner by passing the kernels
from hand to hand and
then
eat
them.
However, one may not
do so,
neither by
means of
a basket [
kanon
]
that is occasionally used for sorting and separating the chaff
nor with a large vessel.
Beitzah 12b:15
We also learned in the mishna:
One may not place
wine for filtering even
into
a
suspended
strainer
on Shabbat. A dilemma was raised before
the Sages: If
one strained
wine,
what
is the
halakha
?
Rav Kahana said:
If
one strained
wine,
he is liable to
bring
a sin-offering.
Rav Sheshet strongly objects to this: Is there something for which the Rabbis render one liable
to bring
a sin-offering and Rabbi Eliezer permits
its performance
ab initio
?
Extreme differences of opinion of that kind are…
Shabbat 138a:3-8
The Gemara asks:
Is that so? But didn’t Rav’s wife peel for him
barley on Shabbat
by the cupful? And
likewise
Rabbi Ḥiyya’s wife
would
peel
barley
for him
on Shabbat
by the cupful. Rather, if
Rabbi Elazar’s comment
was stated
in this context,
it was stated with regard to the latter clause
of that same mishna (
Ma’asrot
4:5): With regard to
one who husks kernels of wheat
by hand,
he may blow
onto the chaff to disperse it
a little at a time and eat
the kernels without separating tithes…
Beitzah 13b:10
Apropos husking kernels on Shabbat, the Gemara asks:
How may one husk
grain on a Festival?
Abaye said in the name of Rav Yosef: One
finger
on another,
i.e., one may place the kernels between two fingers and rub.
And Rav Avya said in the name of Rav Yosef:
One may even do so
one on two,
i.e., between the thumb and two fingers.
Rava said: Since he alters
the manner in which he performs the activity,
he may even
do so with
one
finger
on all
the rest.
Beitzah 13b:14
And
we learned in the mishna, among those liable for performing primary categories of labor:
One who winnows, and one who selects, and one who grinds, and one who sifts.
The Gemara asks: The prohibited labor of
winnowing is the same as
the prohibited labor of
selecting,
which
is the same as
the prohibited labor of
sifting.
They are all identical in the manner in which they are performed and have the same objective: Separating food from the accompanying waste…
Shabbat 73b:10
The Gemara asks:
What is
the source of this dispute? The Gemara answers:
As it was taught
in the following
baraita
:
One who milks
an animal,
or sets milk to curdle
(
Arukh
),
or makes cheese
is liable if he performed the activity in the measure of
a dried fig-bulk; one who sweeps
the house,
or sprinkles
water on the floor,
or removes honeycombs,
if he did so
unwittingly on Shabbat, he is liable
to bring
a sin-offering,
as he has performed a labor prohibited by Torah law on Shabbat…
Pesachim 65a:5
With regard to
bundles of savory, hyssop, and thyme,
fragrant plants suitable as food for people,
if one brought them in for
use as
firewood, he may not supply himself from them on Shabbat
for food. If he brought them in
for
use as
food for animals,
he too
may supply himself from them on Shabbat.
And one may pick
them
with
his
hand and eat, as long as he does not pick
them
with a vessel. And one may crush
and remove the seeds with his hand
and eat
them,
as long as he does not crush a lot with a vessel…
Shabbat 128a:12-13
4. A bed interlaced with ropes, if there is a gap of three tefachim between each rope it is forbidden to spread a sheet over it because one is making a tent, and likewise it is forbidden to remove the bottom sheet because it is dismantling a tent. If there was a pillow or a cover or a garment spread a tefach wide before Shabbos it is permissible to continue and cover the entire bed.
Shulchan Arukh, Orach Chayim 315:4
15. A strainer that has mustard placed inside it to strain may have an egg put inside even though the yolk falls through with the mustard and the albumen remains in the strainer. 16. Water with worms may be drunk through a cloth on Shabbos because Borer and Meshamer only apply when separating prior to eating or drinking, but while actually drinking it is permitted to block the refuse from entering one’s mouth because it is not similar to the Melacha at all. 17. Churning (extracting butter from milk) is a Toldah of Borer and therefore although one may put sesame and nuts into honey he must not…
Shulchan Arukh, Orach Chayim 319:15-17
9. It is forbidden to put dregs inside a strainer even when the strainer was hanging in place before Shabbos; but if the dregs were put inside before Shabbos it is permitted to pour water over them until the water becomes clear. 10. Clear wine and water may be filtered through a strainer
RAMA: even if there are thin slivers of wood because it is drinkable as it is (Sma"g)
, but not through garments because of laundering, however wine and other liquids are permitted. If the liquid is opaque, be it wine or water, it is forbidden to strain…
Shulchan Arukh, Orach Chayim 319:9-11
1. One who sorts food from refuse, or if there were two food types placed in front of him and he sorts one from the other - with the aid of a sifter or strainer he is chayav (liable); with a cone or dish he is patur (not liable) but it is forbidden to do so, but if he sorts it with his hand in order to eat it immediately it is permitted.
RAMA Whatever one separates for a meal he is immediately about to eat, is called “for immediate use” (Heb. לאלתר). [Hamagid; the R"i; Beis Yosef; Tur; the Rosh] Even when others are eating with him it is permitted…
Shulchan Arukh, Orach Chayim 319:1-7
15. Mustard that was kneaded before Shabbos may be mixed on Shabbos whether with one’s hand or with an instrument. One may add honey provided that one does not mix it with force; rather it should be slowly mixed in.
Shulchan Arukh, Orach Chayim 321:15
Related
ראו גם
Shabbat
Sheets
דפי מקורות
Related Sheets
We use cookies to give you the best experience possible on our site. Click OK to continue using Sefaria.
Learn More
.
OK
אנחנו משתמשים ב"עוגיות" כדי לתת למשתמשים את חוויית השימוש הטובה ביותר.
קראו עוד בנושא
לחצו כאן לאישור