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But if the household is too small for a lamb, let it share one with a neighbor who dwells nearby, in proportion to the number of persons: you shall contribute for the lamb according to what each household will eat.

ACCORDING TO THE NUMBER OF THE SOULS. Mikhsat (number of) means a portion. The word mekhes (tribute) in And the Lord’s tribute (Num. 31:37) in which mekhes refers to the portion which each one shall take, is similar. So too the word kosi (portion) in O Lord, the share of mine inheritance and my portion (Ps. 16:5). This is also the meaning of takhosu (ye shall make your count). It comes from a double root. The doubled letter is missing in the word be-mikhsat and also in mekhes…

Ibn Ezra on Exodus 12:4:2

במכסת, “the number of.” We have a similar expression meaning the same in Numbers 31,37 ויהי המכס לה' מן הצאן. The letter מ in the word מכס is not a prefix just as it is not a prefix in the word מלך, but is a basic component of the noun. The construction במכסת is similar to the construction of במתג ורסן in Psalms 32,9 where the meaning is “with a bit and bridle.” It is also parallel to the expression שכבת הטל, “a layer of dew” in Exodus 15,14. On the other hand, the word תכוסו is derived from the root כסס, similar to the word תסובו which is derived from the root סבב. (Joshua 6,4)…

Rashbam on Exodus 12:4:2

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