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  1. משנה אבות א׳:ב׳-י״ח

    (ב) שִׁמְעוֹן הַצַּדִּיק הָיָה מִשְּׁיָרֵי כְנֶסֶת הַגְּדוֹלָה. הוּא הָיָה אוֹמֵר, עַל שְׁלשָׁה דְבָרִים הָעוֹלָם עוֹמֵד, עַל הַתּוֹרָה וְעַל הָעֲבוֹדָה וְעַל גְּמִילוּת חֲסָדִים:

    (יח) רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, עַל שְׁלשָׁה דְבָרִים הָעוֹלָם עוֹמֵד, עַל הַדִּין וְעַל הָאֱמֶת וְעַל הַשָּׁלוֹם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (זכריה ח) אֱמֶת וּמִשְׁפַּט שָׁלוֹם שִׁפְטוּ בְּשַׁעֲרֵיכֶם:

    Pirkei Avot 1:2-18

    (2) Shimon the Righteous was from the remnants of the Great Assembly. He would say, "On three things the world stands: on the Torah, on the service and on acts of lovingkindness."

    (18) Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says, "On three things the world stands: on judgment, on truth and on peace, as it is said (Zachariah 8:16), 'Judge truth and the justice of peace in your gates.'"

  2. Interpretive rendering of Mishna  Avot 1:2 and 1:18 by Rabbi Rami Shapiro

    (1) Shimon Hatzadik was among the last of the Great Assembly. He used to say the world rests on three things: on wisdom, on surrender, on compassion

    (18) Rabbi Shimon ben Gamliel teaches, three things ensure the world's survival: justice, truth, and peace, as it is said, "Speak truth, establish peace, and render honest judgments in your gates (Zech 8:16)"

    • How do you understand the two mishnayot and why they differ?
    • Is there one that seems more important?
    • What is the interplay between them?
    • How does R. Rami Shapiro's Buddhist-inspired perspective help you or not help you understand the mishnah?
  4. משנה אבות א׳:ו׳-ט״ז

    (ו) יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן פְּרַחְיָה וְנִתַּאי הָאַרְבֵּלִי קִבְּלוּ מֵהֶם. יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן פְּרַחְיָה אוֹמֵר, עֲשֵׂה לְךָ רַב, וּקְנֵה לְךָ חָבֵר, וֶהֱוֵי דָן אֶת כָּל הָאָדָם לְכַף זְכוּת:

    (טז) רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל הָיָה אוֹמֵר, עֲשֵׂה לְךָ רַב, וְהִסְתַּלֵּק מִן הַסָּפֵק, וְאַל תַּרְבֶּה לְעַשֵּׂר אֹמָדוֹת:

    Pirkei Avot 1:6-16

    (6) Yehoshua ben Perachiah and Nitai of Arbel received from them. Yehoshua ben Perachia says, "Make for yourself a mentor, acquire for yourself a friend and judge every person as meritorious."

    (16) Rabban Gamliel says, "Make for yourself a mentor, remove yourself from doubt and do not frequently tithe by estimation."

  5. Interpretive rendering of Mishna Avot 1:6 and 1:16 by Rabbi Rami Shapiro

    (6) Yehoshua ben Perachyah teaches, "make yourself worthy of a teacher, secure for yourself a friend, and judge everyone favorably."

    (16) Rabban Gamliel used to say, "Get for yourself a teacher. Free yourself from doubt. Do not guess when tithing."

    • How do you understand the two mishnayot and how they differ from each other?
    • Does the mentor function similarly in both texts?
    • In his commentary on his translation Rami Shapiro suggests that "three things make you worthy of a teacher: the capacity to listen in the beginning, the ability to question in the middle, and the courage to go your own way in the end." Is this interpretation straying too far from the text?