וַיַּעַשׂ בְּצַלְאֵל אֶת הָאָרֹן עֲצֵי שִׁטִּים. לְפִי שֶׁגָּלוּי הָיָה לִפְנֵי מִי שֶׁאָמַר וְהָיָה הָעוֹלָם, שֶׁיִּשְׂרָאֵל חוֹטְאִים בַּשִּׁטִּים. לְכָךְ תִּקֵּן לָהֶם הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא שִׁטִּים, לְכַפֵּר עַל מַעֲשֵׂה שִׁטִּים. וַיְצַף אֹתוֹ זָהָב טָהוֹר, אֵלּוּ הַתַּלְמִידִים בְּנֵי תוֹרָה. כִּי כְמוֹ שֶׁמִּתְכַּבֵּד הָעֵץ בַּזָּהָב, יוֹתֵר וְיוֹתֵר מִתְכַּבְּדִין הַתַּלְמִידִים בַּתּוֹרָה, שֶׁהִיא בְּתוֹךְ לִבָּם. וּכְמוֹ שֶׁיֹּאמְרוּ אֲנָשִׁים זָהָב טָהוֹר, כָּךְ מְטַהֵר הַתּוֹרָה לִבָּן וְכִלְיוֹתָן שֶׁל תַּלְמִידֵי חֲכָמִים. שֶׁכָּךְ כְּתִיב: הַנֶּחֱמָדִים מִזָּהָב וּמִפָּז רָב (תהלים יט, יא). וַיַּעַשׂ בְּצַלְאֵל. אָנוּ מוֹצְאִין כְּשֶׁאָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְמֹשֶׁה לַעֲשׂוֹת אֶת הַמִּשְׁכָּן, אָמַר לוֹ עַל כָּל דָּבָר וְדָבָר, וְעָשִׂיתָ. וְעַל הָאָרוֹן אָמַר, וְעָשׂוּ (שמות כה, י). לָמָּה, אֶלָּא שֶׁצִּוָּה הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לַעֲשׂוֹתוֹ לְכָל יִשְׂרָאֵל, שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא לְאֶחָד מֵהֶם פִּתְחוֹן פֶּה עַל חֲבֵרוֹ לוֹמַר, שֶׁאֲנִי נָתַתִּי הַרְבֵּה בָּאָרוֹן לְפִיכָךְ אֲנִי לוֹמֵד הַרְבֵּה וַאֲנִי יֶשׁ לִי בוֹ יוֹתֵר מִמְּךָ וְאַתָּה לֹא נָתַתָּ בָּאָרוֹן כְּלוּם אֶלָּא מְעַט לְפִיכָךְ אֵין לְךָ חֵלֶק בַּתּוֹרָה. וּלְכָךְ נִמְשְׁלָה הַתּוֹרָה לַמַּיִם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: הוֹי כָּל צָמֵא לְכוּ לַמַּיִם (ישעיה נה, א). כְּשֵׁם שֶׁאֵין אָדָם מִתְבַּיֵּשׁ לוֹמַר לַחֲבֵרוֹ הַשְׁקֵנִי מַיִם, כָּךְ לֹא יִתְבַּיֵּשׁ לוֹמַר לְקָטָן מִמֶּנּוּ לַמְּדֵנִי תוֹרָה, לַמְּדֵנִי דָבָר זֶה. וּכְשֵׁם שֶׁהַמַּיִם כָּל הָרוֹצֶה לִשְׁתּוֹת יִשְׁתֶּה בְּלֹא מְחִיר, כָּךְ כָּל הָרוֹצֶה לִלְמֹד תּוֹרָה, לוֹמֵד בְּלֹא מְחִיר וּבְלֹא כֶסֶף, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לְכוּ שִׁבְרוּ בְּלוֹא כֶסֶף וּבְלוֹא מְחִיר (ישעיה נה, א). And Bezalel made the ark of acacia-wood (Exod. 37:1). Because it was known to Him-who-spoke-and-the-world-came into-being that Israel will sin at Shittim, the Holy One, blessed be He, prepared shittim (acacia-wood) so that they might atone for what happened at Shittim.14In building the ark of shittim (acacia wood) they were able to obtain forgiveness for the sins perpetrated at Shittim. And he overlaid it with pure gold (ibid., v. 2). This alludes to the students of the Torah, for just as the wood was greatly adorned by the gold that overlaid it, so the students of the Torah are adorned by the Torah within their hearts. Just as men speak of pure gold, so the Torah purifies the heart and the kidneys of the scholar, as it is written: More to be desired are they than gold, yea, than much fine gold (Ps. 19:11). And Bezalel made the ark. We find that when the Holy One, blessed be he, told Moses to construct the Tabernacle, He described every detail to him, saying: Thou shalt do, but with reference to the ark, He said simply: Make Me. Why? The Holy One, blessed be He, commanded all the Israelites to make it, so that not one of them would be able to humiliate his fellow Israelite by saying: “I contributed more for the building of the ark than you, therefore I am more learned and have a greater right to it than you do. And since you contributed little to the ark, you will have no portion in the Torah.” That is why the Torah is likened to water, as it is said: Ho, everyone that thirsteth, come you for water (Isa. 55:1). Just as no one should be ashamed to say to his companion: “Give me a drink of water,” no one should be ashamed to say to a person younger than himself: “Teach me the law, instruct me in this matter.” And just as one who desires to drink should be able to drink without cost, so all who desire to learn the law should be able to learn without cost and without price, as it is said: Yea, come without money and without price (ibid.).
וְלָמָּה נִתְּנָה הַתּוֹרָה בַּמִּדְבָּר. לוֹמַר, מָה הַמִּדְבָּר מֻפְקָר לְכָל בְּנֵי אָדָם, אַף דִּבְרֵי תוֹרָה מֻפְקָרִין לְכָל מִי שֶׁיִּרְצֶה לִלְמֹד. שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא אָדָם אוֹמֵר, אֲנִי בֶּן תּוֹרָה וְתוֹרָה נְתוּנָה לִי וְלַאֲבוֹתַי וְאַתָּה וַאֲבוֹתֶיךָ לֹא הֱיִיתֶם בְּנֵי תוֹרָה אֶלָּא אֲבוֹתֶיךָ גֵּרִים הָיוּ, לְכָךְ כְּתִיב: מוֹרָשָׁה קְהִלַּת יַעֲקֹב (דברים לג, ד), לְכָל מִי שֶׁמִּתְקַהֵל בְּיַעֲקֹב. אֲפִלּוּ הַגֵּרִים שֶׁעוֹסְקִין בַּתּוֹרָה, שְׁקוּלִים הֵם כְּכֹהֵן גָּדוֹל, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: אֲשֶׁר יַעֲשֶׂה אֹתָם הָאָדָם וָחַי בָּהֶם אֲנִי ה' אֱלֹהֵיכֶם (ויקרא יח, ה), כֹּהֵן וְלֵוִי וְיִשְׂרָאֵל לֹא נֶאֱמַר אֶלָּא אָדָם. לְפִיכָךְ תּוֹרָה אַחַת וּמִשְׁפָּט אֶחָד יִהְיֶה וְגוֹ' (במדבר טו, טו). רְאֵה מַה כְּתִיב בִּבְנֵי יִתְרוֹ, וּמִשְׁפְּחוֹת סוֹפְרִים ישְׁבֵי יַעְבֵּץ תִּרְעָתִים שִׁמְעָתִים שׂוּכָתִים (דה״א ב, נה). תִּרְעָתִים, שֶׁהָיוּ יוֹשְׁבִים בְּלִשְׁכַּת הַגָּזִית. שִׁמְעָתִים, שֶׁהָיוּ כָּל יִשְׂרָאֵל שׁוֹמְעִים הֲלָכָה מִפִּיהֶם. שׂוּכָתִים, שֶׁנִּסְתּוֹכְכוּ בְּרוּחַ הַקֹּדֶשׁ. וּמִי הֵם, הֵמָּה הַקִּינִים הַבָּאִים מֵחַמַּת אֲבִי בֵית רֵכָב (דה״א ב, נה), מִבְּנֵי קֵנִי חוֹתֵן מֹשֶׁה. וּשְׁמַעְיָה וְאַבְטַלְיוֹן בְּנֵי בָנָיו שֶׁל סִיסְרָא הָיוּ וְלִמְּדוּ תוֹרָה בָּרַבִּים כְּאַנְשֵׁי כְנֶסֶת הַגְּדוֹלָה. כָּל כָּךְ לָמָּה. שֶׁהַתּוֹרָה נִתְּנָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל. לְפִיכָךְ כְּתִיב: אֶת הַדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה דִּבֶּר ה' אֶל כָּל קְהַלְכֶם (דברים ה, יט). Why was the law given in the desert? To teach us that just as the desert is free to all men, so the words of the law are free to all who desire to learn them. Also, lest a man should say: “I am a student of the law that was given to me and my ancestors, while you and your ancestors are not students of the law; your ancestors were strangers”; hence it is written: An inheritance of the congregation of Jacob (Deut. 33:4). This tells us that the law was an inheritance for all who associate themselves with Jacob. Even outsiders who devote themselves to the law are equal to the high priest, as it is said: Which if a man do, he shall live by them: I am the Lord (Lev. 18:5). It does not refer to priest or Levite or Israelite but merely to man. Thus, One law and one ordinance shall be both for you and for the stranger that sojourneth with you (Num. 15:16). Observe what is written concerning the sons of Jethro: And the families of the scribes that dwelt at Jabez: the Tirathites, the Shimeathites, the Succathites (I Chron. 2:55). The name Tirathites (understood as derived from Aramaic tar’a, “gate”) indicates that they sat at the gate to the inner chamber of the Temple; Shimeathites (which includes the letters of the word shema, “hear”) implies that all the Israelites heard the law from their lips; and Succathites (which includes the word sukkah, “covered by”) suggests that they were enveloped by the Holy Spirit. Who were these? They were Kenites who came from The father of the house of Rechab (ibid.). The father-in-law of Moses was a Kenite, and Shemaiah and Abtalion and the descendants of Sisera were also Kenites. They studied the law in public like the men of the Great Synagogue. Why was that? Because the law was given to all Israel. Therefore it is written: These words that the Lord spoke unto all your assembly (Deut. 5:19).
וּכְתִיב: וְעָשׂוּ אֲרוֹן עַצֵי שִׁטִּים (שמות כה, י). אָמַר רַבִּי שִמְעוֹן בֶּן יוֹחַאי, שְׁלֹשָה כְתָרִים הֵם, כֶּתֶר תּוֹרָה, כֶּתֶר כְּהֻנָּה, כֶּתֶר מַלְכוּת. כֶּתֶר תּוֹרָה מִנַּיִן. שֶׁכָּךְ כְּתִיב בָּאָרוֹן, וְעָשִׂיתָ זֵר זָהָב (שמות כה, יא) כֶּתֶר כְּהֻנָּה, שֶׁכָּךְ כְּתִיב בַּמִּזְבֵּחַ (שמות ל, ג), זֵר זָהָב. כֶּתֶר מַלְכוּת, שֶׁכָּךְ כְּתִיב בַּשֻּׁלְחָן (שמות כה, כד) זֵר זָהָב. וְלָמָּה כָּתוּב זֵר וְקוֹרִין זֵר. לְלַמֶּדְךָ, זָכָה אָדָם, נַעֲשָׂה לוֹ זֵר זָהָב. לֹא זָכָה, נַעֲשָׂה זָר בְּתוֹכָם מֵהֶם. It is written: And they shall make an ark of acacia-wood (Exod. 25:10). R. Simeon the son of Yohai said: There are three crowns, the crown of Torah, of priesthood, and of kingship. How do we know about the crown of Torah? It is written concerning the ark: And thou shalt overlay it with pure gold (ibid., v. 11); we know about the crown of priesthood because it is written concerning the altar: A crown of gold (Exod. 37:26); and we know about the crown of kingship from the fact that it is written concerning the table: And made thereto a crown of gold (ibid., v. 11). Why is the word (in the preceding verse) written as zar (“stranger”) but read as zer (“crown”)? To teach us that if a man is worthy, it is his crown of gold, but if he is unworthy, he is to be considered a stranger among you.
וּמִפְּנֵי מָה בְּכֻלָּם כָּתוּב וְעָשִׂיתָ, וּבָאָרוֹן כְּתִיב וְעָשִׂיתָ עָלָיו. לְלַמֶּדְךָ, אִם זָכָה לַתּוֹרָה, זָכָה לְכֻלָּם. וְכֵן הוּא אוֹמֵר, וּמִשְׁמַרְתָּם הָאָרֹן וְהַשֻׁלְחָן וְהַמְּנֹרָה וְהַמִּזְבְחֹת (במדבר ג, לא). לְלַמֶּדְךָ, שֶׁאֵין לְךָ גָּדוֹל מִן הָעוֹסֵק בַּתּוֹרָה. Why was it written about everything: And thou shalt make, except in the case of the ark, where it says: Thou shalt make upon it? It is to teach us that if a man is worthy of the Torah, he is worthy of everything. And it states also: And their charge the ark, and the table, and the candlesticks, and the altar (Num. 3:31) to teach you that no-one is more important for you than one who devotes himself to the law.