יוֹנָתִי בְּחַגְוֵי הַסֶּלַע. זֶה שֶׁאָמַר הַכָּתוּב: ה' סַלְעִי וּמְצוּדָתִי (תהלים יח, ג). אָמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן פְּדָת, אָמְרוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל לְמֹשֶׁה, מָה עָשִׂיתָ לָנוּ. עַכְשָׁו בָּאִין וְעוֹשִׂין לָנוּ כְּמוֹ שֶׁעָשִׂינוּ לָהֶם, שֶׁהָרַגְנוּ בְּכוֹרֵיהֶם וְנָטַלְנוּ מָמוֹנָם. לֹא אַתָּה אָמַרְתָּ לָנוּ, וְשָׁאֲלָה אִשָּׁה מִשְּׁכֶנְתָּהּ וּמִגָּרַת בֵּיתָהּ (שמות ג, כב). אָמַר לָהֶם: אֵין לָכֶם אֶלָּא שֶׁתִּהְיוּ עוֹמְדִין וְשׁוֹתְקִין, וְהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עוֹשֶׂה מִלְחֲמוֹתֵיכֶם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ה' יִלָּחֵם לָכֶם וְאַתֶּם תַּחֲרִישׁוּן (שם יד, יד). הוֹי, וַיִּצְעֲקוּ בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶל ה'. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי, מָשָׁל לְמָה הַדָּבָר דּוֹמֶה. לְבַת מֶלֶךְ שֶׁהָיְתָה עוֹבֶרֶת בַּדֶּרֶךְ וְהָיוּ הַלִּסְטִים מִשְׁתַּעְבְּדִין בָּהּ. הִתְחִילָה צוֹעֶקֶת אֶל הַמֶּלֶךְ. אָמַר הַמֶּלֶךְ, לְכָךְ הָיִיתִי מִתְאַוֶּה. כָּךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל, הָיוּ מְשֻׁעְבָּדִים בְּמִצְרַיִם, תָּלוּ עֵינֵיהֶם לַשָּׁמַיִם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וַיֵּאָנְחוּ בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל מִן הָעֲבוֹדָה וַיִּזְעֲקוּ (שמות ב, כג). הוֹצִיאָם הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא וְהָיָה מִתְאַוֶּה לִשְׁמוֹעַ תְּפִלָּתָם וְלֹא הָיוּ מִתְפַּלְּלִים. מֶה עָשָׂה. גֵּרָה בָּהֶם פַּרְעֹה וְחֵילוֹ וְרָדַף אַחֲרֵיהֶם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וּפַרְעֹה הִקְרִיב (שם יד, י), שֶׁהִקְרִיב אֶת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לִתְפִלָּה. מִיָּד, וַיִּצְעֲקוּ בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶל ה'. לְכָךְ כְּתִיב: יוֹנָתִי בְּחַגְוֵי הַסֶּלַע בְּסֵתֶר הַמַּדְרֵגָה הַרְאֵנִי אֶת מַרְאַיִךְ הַשְׁמִיעֵנִי אֶת קוֹלֵךְ (שה״ש ב, יד), אוֹתוֹ הַקּוֹל שֶׁשָּׁמַעְתִּי בְּמִצְרַיִם. מִיָּד אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְמֹשֶׁה, וְאַתָּה הָרֵם אֶת מַטְּךָ וּנְטֵה אֶת יָדְךָ עַל הַיָּם וּבְקָעֵהוּ וַיָּבוֹאוּ בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּתוֹךְ הַיָּם בַּיַּבָּשָׁה (שמות יד, טז). וְעָשָׂה הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מִלְחָמָה עִם פַּרְעֹה וְאִבְּדוּ וְהִשְׁקִיעוּ בַּיָּם, וְהִצִּיל אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל. הוּא שֶׁכָּתוּב, אֱלֹהִים ה' עוֹז יְשׁוּעָתִי סַכֹּתָה לְרֹאשִׁי בְּיוֹם נָשֶׁק (תהלים קמ, ח). בְּיוֹם מִלְחֶמֶת הַיָּם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: בְּנֵי אֶפְרַיִם נוֹשְׁקֵי רוֹמֵי קָשֶׁת (שם עח, ט), כָּל מַה שֶׁהָיָה פַּרְעֹה עוֹשֶׂה, הָיָה הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עוֹשֶׂה. יָצָא פַּרְעֹה כְּגִבּוֹר וְהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא כְּגִבּוֹר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ה' כַּגִּבּוֹר יֵצֵא, כְּאִישׁ מִלְחָמוֹת יָעִיר קִנְאָה (ישעיה מב, יג), שֶׁלֹּא הוֹדִיעַ גְּבוּרָתוֹ תְּחִלָּה אֶלָּא בְּפַרְעֹה. בִּשְׁעַת מִלְחָמָה נִקְרָא אִישׁ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ה' אִישׁ מִלְחָמָה ה' שְׁמוֹ (שמות כו, ג). יָצָא פַּרְעֹה לָבוּשׁ בִּכְלֵי זַיִן קַסְטְיָא, וְהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא כָּךְ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לְאוֹר חִצֶּיךָ יְהַלֵּכוּ, לְנֹגַהּ בְּרַק חֲנִיתֶךָ (חבקוק ג, יא). יָצָא פַּרְעֹה בְּאַבְנֵי בְּלִיסְטְרָאוֹת, וְהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא בְּאַבְנֵי אֶלְגָּבִישׁ וּבְאַבְנֵי בָּרָד. פַּרְעֹה רָכַב עַל סוּס, וְהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עַל כְּרוּב, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וַיִּרְכַּב עַל כְּרוּב וַיָּעֹף (תהלים יח, יא). עַל מָה רָכַב פַּרְעֹה. עַל סוּסַיָּא נְקֵבָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לְסוּסָתִי בְּרִכְבֵי פַּרְעֹה, דִּמִּיתִיךְ רַעְיָתִי (שה״ש א, ט). דָּבָר אַחֵר, לְסֻסָתִי בְּרִכְבֵי פַּרְעֹה. מַהוּ לְסוּסָתִי. אֶלָּא רָאָה הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה פַּרְעֹה רוֹצֶה לִכָּנֵס בַּיָּם, מֶה עָשָׂה הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, רָכַב עַל עָב קַל וַהֲפָכוֹ לְסוּסַיָּא וְעָמַד לִפְנֵי סוּסֵי הַחֲיָלוֹת, וְהָיוּ הַסּוּסִים רָצִים אַחֲרֵי הַסּוּסְיָא, וְהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא יָרַד לַיָּם וְהַסּוּסִים אַחֲרָיו. הֱוֵי, לְסֻסָתִי, לְשׁוֹן נְקֵבָה. דָּבָר אַחֵר, לְסֻסָתִי בְּרִכְבֵי פַּרְעֹה. אָמַר פַּרְעֹה לְחֵילוֹתָיו, מַה קַל מִכָּל בְּהֵמָה לִרְכֹּב עָלֶיהָ וְאֵצֵא וְאֶרְדֹּף אַחֲרֵי בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל. אָמְרוּ לֵיהּ, סוּסַיָּא, שֶׁאֵין כַּיּוֹצֵא בָּהּ בָּעוֹלָם. לְפִיכָךְ הָיוּ הַזְּכָרִים רוֹדְפִים אַחֲרֶיהָ. וְרֶכֶב פַּרְעֹה, כְּאַיָּלִים. וְאַף הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עָשָׂה כֵן. אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְמַלְאֲכֵי הַשָּׁרֵת, מַה בְּכָל הַבְּרִיּוֹת שֶׁמְּשַׁמְּשִׁין לְפָנֶיךָ קַל. אָמְרוּ לוֹ: וַהֲלֹא גָּלוּי לְפָנֶיךָ, שֶׁאֵין בְּכָל הַבְּרִיּוֹת הַמְּשַׁמְּשִׁין לְפָנֶיךָ קַל כִּכְרוּב שֶׁהוּא יוֹצֵא מִתַּחַת כַּנְפֵי הַכְּרוּבִים. רָכַב הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עַל כְּרוּב וְנִצַּח סוּסוֹ שֶׁל פַּרְעֹה וְכָל חֵילוֹתָיו, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: כִּי בָּא סוּס פַּרְעֹה בְּרִכְבּוֹ וּבְפָרָשָׁיו אֶל תּוֹךְ הַיָּם (שמות טו, יט). וְאוֹמֵר: וְנִעֵר פַּרְעֹה וְחֵילוֹ בְיַם סוּף (תהלים קלו, טו). אָמַר לָהֶם מֹשֶׁה, לֹא כָּךְ אָמַרְתִּי לָכֶם, וְאַתֶּם תַּחֲרִישׁוּן (שמות יד, יד). אֵין לָכֶם לַעֲשׂוֹת אֶלָּא עוֹמְדִין שְׁתוּקִין, וְהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עוֹשֶׂה מִלְחֲמוֹתֵיכֶם. לְפִיכָךְ אָמַר לָהֶם: כְּשֶׁתִּכָּנְסוּ לָאָרֶץ וְתִרְאוּ אוּכְלוּסִין הַרְבֵּה וְסוּסִים וְרֶכֶב, אַל תִּירְאוּ מֵהֶם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: כִּי תֵּצֵא לַמִּלְחָמָה עַל אוֹיְבֶיךָ וְרָאִיתָ סוּס וְרֶכֶב עַם רַב מִמְּךָ לֹא תִירָא מֵהֶם כִּי ה' אֱלֹהֶיךָ עִמָּךְ. הֱוֵי, סוּס מוּכָן לְיוֹם מִלְחָמָה וְלַה' הַתְּשׁוּעָה. O my dove, in the cranny of the rocks (Song of Songs 2:14): This is that which is stated in the verse (Psalms 18:3), "The Lord is my rock and my fortress." Rabbi Elazar ben Pedat said, "Israel said to Moshe, 'What have you done to us? Now they are coming and doing to us like what we did to them, as we have killed their first-born and taken their money. Is it not you that said to us, "Each woman shall borrow from her neighbor and the lodger in her house" (Exodus 3:23).' He said to them, 'You do not need [to do anything], but you should stand and be silent and the Holy One, blessed be He will [fight] your wars,' as it is stated (Exodus 14:14), 'The Lord will fight for you and you shall be quiet.' That is [the meaning of] 'and the Children of Israel yelled out' (Exodus 14.10)." Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi said, "To what is this matter comparable? To the daughter of a king that was passing on a road, and brigands took her as a [captive]. She began to yell out to the king. The king said, 'This is what I desired.' So [too] with Israel. They were subjugated in Egypt [and] placed their eyes towards the Heavens, as it is stated (Exodus 2:23), 'and the Children of Israel groaned from the work and screamed.' [So] the Holy One, blessed be He, took them out and desired to hear their prayer [again]. But they did not pray. What did He do? He agitated Pharaoh and his army against them and they pursued them. As it is stated (Exodus 14:10), 'As Pharaoh drew close (hikriv).' As he drew the Children of Israel close to prayer. Immediately, 'and the Children of Israel cried out to the Lord.'" Hence it is written, "O my dove, in the cranny of the rocks, hidden by the cliff, let me see your appearance, let me hear your voice," that same voice that I heard in Egypt. Immediately the Holy One, blessed be He, said to Moshe (Exodus 14:16), "And you lift up your rod and hold out your arm over the sea and split it, so that the Children of Israel may come into the sea on dry ground." And the Holy One, blessed be He, made war with Pharaoh, destroyed [his army], trounced them in the sea and saved Israel. That is [the meaning of] that which is written (Psalms 140:8), "God, my Lord, the strength of my deliverance, You protected my head on the day of weapons (nashek)," [meaning] the day of the war at the sea. As it is stated (Psalms 78:9), "The Children of Ephraim, warriors (noshkei) lifting their bows." Everything that Pharaoh was doing, the Holy One, blessed be He would [also] do. Pharaoh came out like a warrior; and the Holy One, blessed be He, is like a warrior, as it is stated (Isaiah 42:13), "The Lord goes forth like a warrior, like a man of war He whips up His rage," as only upon Pharaoh did He first make known His strength. At the time of war, He is called a man, as it is stated (Exodus 26:3), "The Lord is a man of war, the Lord is His name." Pharaoh went forth dressed in tin-plated armor; and the Holy One, blessed be He, likewise, as it is stated (Habakuk 3:11), "as Your arrows fly in brightness, Your flashing spear in brilliance." Pharaoh went forth with catapult stones; and the Holy One, blessed be He, went forth with stones of elgavish and hail stones. Pharaoh rode on a horse; and the Holy One, blessed be He, upon a cherub, as it is stated (Psalms 18:11), "He rode on a cherub and flew." Upon what did Pharaoh ride? Upon a female mare, as it is stated (Song of Songs 1:9), "To a mare in Pharaoh’s chariots have I likened you, my darling." Another interpretation [of] "To a mare in Pharaoh's chariots": What is [the meaning of] "to a mare?" Rather the Holy One, blessed be He, saw that Pharaoh did not want to enter the sea. [So] what did the Holy One, blessed be He, do? He rode upon a light cloud and transformed it into a mare. And He stood [it] in front of the horses of the troops. And the horses ran after the mare, and the Holy One, blessed be He, descended into the sea with the horses [coming] after Him [to pursue the mare]. Hence, "to a mare," [meaning a] female. Another interpretation [of] "To a mare in Pharaoh's chariots": Pharaoh said to his troops, "What is the lightest (fastest) animal upon which to ride, so that I can go forth and chase the Children of Israel?" They said to him, "A mare, as there is nothing like it in the world." Therefore (due to her speed) the males were following her. And Pharaoh rode [speedily] like the gazelles. And the Holy One, blessed be He, also did this. The Holy One, blessed be He, said in front of the ministering angels, "Which among all of the creatures that serve in front of Me is light?" They said to Him, "Is it not revealed in front of You, that there is none among all of the creatures that serve in front of You that is as light as the cherub that comes out from under the wings of the cherubs." [So] the Holy One, blessed be He, rode upon the cherub and beat the horse of Pharaoh and all of his troops, as it is stated (Exodus 15:19), "For the horse of Pharaoh, with his chariots and horsemen, went into the sea." And it is [also] stated (Psalms 136:15), "And He shook Pharaoh and his army in the Reed Sea." Moshe said to them, "Is this not what I told you (Exodus 14:14), 'and you shall be quiet.' There is nothing for you to do except to stand silently, and the Holy One blessed be He, will [fight] your wars." Therefore he said to them, "When you enter the land and see many multitudes and horses and chariots, do not be afraid of them," as it is stated (Deuteronomy 20:1), "When you go out to war and you see horse and chariot, a people more numerous than you, do not be afraid of them, as the Lord, your God is with you." Hence (Proverbs 21:31), "The horse is readied for the day of battle, but the salvation comes from the Lord."