וַיְהִי בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁמִינִי. זֶה שֶׁאָמַר הַכָּתוּב: שׁוֹמֵר מִצְוָה לֹא יֵדַע דָּבָר רָע (קהלת ח, ה). מִי הָיָה. זֶה אַהֲרֹן שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וּמִפֶּתַח אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד לֹא תֵּצְאוּ שִׁבְעַת יָמִים, וּפֶתַח אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד תֵּשְׁבוּ יוֹמָם וָלַיְלָה. אָמַר לָהֶם מֹשֶׁה לְאַהֲרֹן וּלְבָנָיו, שִׁמְרוּ אֲבֵלוּת שִׁבְעַת יָמִים עַד שֶׁלֹּא יַגִּיעַ בָּכֶם. וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם אֶת מִשְׁמֶרֶת ה', שֶׁכָּךְ שָׁמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא שִׁבְעַת יְמֵי אֲבֵלוּת עַד שֶׁלֹּא הֵבִיא אֶת הַמַּבּוּל, כִּבְיָכוֹל. וּמִנַּיִן שֶׁנִּתְאַבֵּל, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וַיִּנָחֵם ה' כִּי עָשָׂה אֶת הָאָדָם וַיִּתְעַצֵּב אֶל לִבּוֹ (בראשית ו, ו). וְאֵין עֲצִיבָה אֶלָּא אֵבֶל, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וַתְּהִי הַתְּשׁוּעָה בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא לְאֵבֶל עַל יִשְׂרָאֵל כִּי אָמַר הָעָם כִּי נֶעֱצַב הַמֶּלֶךְ עַל בְּנוֹ (ש״ב יט, ג). וְכֵן עֶזְרָא אָמַר לְיִשְׂרָאֵל בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁהָיוּ בּוֹכִין אִישׁ אֶל אָחִיו וְאִישׁ אֶל בְּנוֹ, לְכוּ אִכְלוּ מִשְׁמַנִּים וּשְׁתוּ וְגוֹ' וְאַל תֵּעָצְבוּ כִּי חֶדְוַת ה' הִיא מָעֻזְּכֶם (נחמיה ח, י). בְּאוֹתָהּ שָׁעָה שָׁמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא שִׁבְעַת יְמֵי הָאֵבֶל עַד שֶׁלֹּא הֵבִיא אֶת הַמַּבּוּל, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וַיְהִי לְשִׁבְעַת הַיָּמִים וּמֵי הַמַּבּוּל הָיוּ עַל הָאָרֶץ (בראשית ז, י). וְכֵן הוּא אוֹמֵר לְאַהֲרֹן וּלְבָנָיו, כְּשֵׁם שֶׁנִּתְאַבֵּל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עַל עוֹלָמוֹ עַד שֶׁלֹּא הֵבִיא אֶת הַמַּבּוּל, אַף אַתֶּם שִׁמְרוּ אֶת יְמֵי הָאֵבֶל עַד שֶׁלֹּא יַגִּיעַ בָּכֶם. הָיוּ מְשַׁמְּרִים וְלֹא הָיוּ יוֹדְעִים עַל מָה מְשַׁמְּרִים. כְּמַה שֶּׁנֶּאֱמַר: שׁוֹמֵר מִצְוָה לֹא יֵדַע דָּבָר רָע. וְעֵת וּמִשְׁפָּט יוֹדֵעַ לֵב חָכָם (קהלת ח, ה), זֶה מֹשֶׁה, שֶׁכְּבָר אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, וְנֹעַדְתִּי שָׁמָּה לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְנִקְדָּשׁ בִּכְבוֹדִי (שמות כט, מג), מִתְקַדֵּשׁ אֲנִי שָׁם בִּמְכֻבָּדַי. וְהָיָה מֹשֶׁה מְשַׁמֵּשׁ כָּל שִׁבְעַת יְמֵי הַמִּלּוּאִים. וְהָיָה מִתְיָרֵא לוֹמַר שֶׁמָּא מִדַּת הַדִּין פּוֹגַעַת בּוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְנִקְדָּשׁ בִּכְבוֹדִי. וְלֹא עָשָׂה, אֶלָּא אָמַר לְאַהֲרֹן, שִׁמְרוּ אֵבֶל שִׁבְעַת יָמִים. אָמַר לוֹ: לָמָּה. אָמַר לוֹ: כָּךְ אָמַר לִי הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, כִּי כֵן צִוִּיתִי. כֵּיוָן שֶׁשָּׁמְרוּ שִׁבְעַת יְמֵי הָאֵבֶל וּבָא יוֹם הַשְּׁמִינִי, נִכְנְסוּ נָדָב וַאֲבִיהוּא לְהַקְרִיב, פָּגְעָה בָּהֶן מִדַּת הַדִּין וְנִשְׂרְפוּ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וַתֵּצֵא אֵשׁ מִלִּפְנֵי ה' וַתֹּאכַל אוֹתָם וַיָּמוּתוּ לִפְנֵי ה'. בָּא מֹשֶׁה וְאָמַר לְאַהֲרֹן, הוּא אֲשֶׁר דִּבֵּר ה' לֵאמֹר בִּקְרוֹבַי אֶקָּדֵשׁ. וְהֵיכָן דִּבֵּר. בְּמִדְבַּר סִינַי, וְנוֹעַדְתִּי שָׁמָּה לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְנִקְדָּשׁ בִּכְבוֹדִי. וְכֵן אָמַר מֹשֶׁה לְאַהֲרֹן, הָעֵת שֶׁאָמַר לִי בִּקְרוֹבַי אֶקָּדֵשׁ, חָשַׁבְתִּי כִּי בִּי אוֹ בְּךָ יִפְגַּע, וְעַכְשָׁו אֲנִי יוֹדֵעַ כִּי הֵם גְּדוֹלִים מִמֶּנִּי וּמִמְּךָ. וַיִּדֹּם אַהֲרֹן, הָיָה לוֹ הַדָּבָר לְנֶחָמָה. לְכָךְ נֶאֱמַר: שׁוֹמֵר מִצְוָה לֹא יֵדַע דָּבָר רָע. (Lev. 9:1) “And it came to pass on the eighth day….” This text is related to [the verse] (in Eccl. 8:5), “Whoever observes a commandment shall not know anything evil.” Who is this?1Cf. Tanh. (Buber), Gen. 2:4. Aaron, of whom it is said (in Lev. 8:33, 35), “And you (i.e., you and your sons) shall not go out from the door of the tent of meeting for seven days […]. And you shall remain at the door of the tent of meeting day and night for seven days.” Moses said to them, “Observe mourning for seven days, before it comes to you.” (Lev. 8:35, cont.) “And you shall observe the charge of the Lord.” Moses said to them, “Observe the charge of the Lord, for so did the Holy One, blessed be He, observe seven days of mourning before He brought the flood.” Where is it shown that He mourned [before the flood]? Where it is stated (in Gen. 6:6), “Then the Lord regretted that He had made humanity on the earth, and He was grieving in his heart.” [The expression] “He was grieving” can only mean, He mourned. For so it says concerning David (in II Sam. 19:3), “And the victory [on that day] was turned into mourning for all the people because [on that day they heard it being said,] ‘The king was grieving over his son.’”2Tanh. (Buber), Gen. 2:4; Gen. R. 27:4. So also Ezra said to Israel when they were weeping, each one for his brother and each one for his child (in Neh. 8:10), “Go, eat choice foods and drink sweet drinks…. Do not be grieving, for the joy of the Lord is your strength.” It is therefore stated (in Gen. 6:6), “and He was grieving in his heart.” At that time the Holy One, blessed be He, observed the seven days of mourning, before He brought the flood. Thus it is stated (in Gen. 7:10), “And it came to pass after seven days [that the waters of the flood came upon the earth].” And so Moses was saying to Aaron the priest and to his sons, “Just as the Holy One, blessed be He, mourned over His world before He brought the flood, so [you are to] observe the [required] mourning before it touches (i.e., harms) you.” So they observed [the mourning], but they did not know for what reason they were observing it. Why? (Eccl. 8:5:) “Whoever observes a commandment shall not know anything evil.” (Eccl. 8:5, cont.:) “And a wise heart shall know [there is] a time of judgment.” This is Moses, to whom the Holy One, blessed be He, had already said (in Exod. 29:43), “And there I will meet with the Children of Israel, and there shall be sanctification3This translation leaves in doubt who or what is sanctified. A more traditional translation would read, “It (i.e., the door of the Tabernacle) shall be sanctified.” through My glory.” [In other words,] I (the Holy One, blessed be He,) will be sanctified there through My glory. Now Moses ministered during the seven days of priestly ordination, but he was afraid, saying, “Perhaps divine judgment will strike him (i.e., Aaron).” Thus it is stated (ibid.), “and there shall be sanctification through My glory.” Still he did not act, but said to Aaron, “Observe seven days of mourning.” [Aaron] said to him, “Why?” [Moses] said to him, “For so the Holy One, blessed be He, has told me – (in Lev. 8:35) “for so I have been commanded.” When they had observed the seven days of mourning and [when] the eighth day had come, Nadab and Abihu went in to make an offering (rt.: qrb). Divine judgment struck them, and they were destroyed by fire. It is so stated (in Lev. 10:2), “So fire came forth from before the Lord and consumed them, so that they died before the Lord.” Moses came and said to Aaron (in Lev. 10:3), “This is what the Lord spoke, ‘Through those who are near (rt.: qrb) to Me, I will be sanctified.” Where did he speak? In the Sinai Desert. (Exod. 29:43), “And there I will meet with the Children of Israel, and there shall be sanctification through My glory.” And so did Moses say to Aaron, “The time that He said to me, ‘Through those who are near to Me, I will be sanctified,’ I thought that He would strike me or you. But now I know that they are greater than I and than you.” (Lev 9:3:) “And Aaron was silent” – the thing was consolation for him. Ergo (Eccl. 8:5), “Whoever observes a commandment shall not know anything evil.”