צֵא מִן הַתֵּבָה. זֶה שֶׁאָמַר הַכָּתוּב: אֲנִי פִּי מֶלֶךְ שְׁמֹר וְעַל דִּבְרַת שְׁבוּעַת אֱלֹהִים (קהלת ח, ב). אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, מַשְׁבִּיעַ אֲנִי עֲלֵיכֶם, שֶׁאִם תִּגְזֹר עֲלֵיכֶם מַלְכוּת גְּזֵרוֹת קָשׁוֹת, אַל תִּמְרְדוּ עָלֶיהָ בְּכָל דָּבָר שֶׁהִיא גוֹזֶרֶת עֲלֵכֶם, אֶלָּא פִּי מֶלֶךְ שְׁמוֹר. אֲבָל אִם תִּגְזֹר עֲלֵיכֶם לְבַטֵּל הַתּוֹרָה וְאֶת הַמִּצְוֹת, אַל תִּשְׁמַע לָהּ, אֶלָּא אֱמֹר לָהּ, אֲנִי פִּי מֶלֶךְ שְׁמוֹר, בְּכָל מַה שֶּׁאַתְּ צְרִיכָה. אֲבָל עַל דִּבְרַת שְׁבוּעַת אֱלֹהִים, אַל תִּבָּהֵל מִפָּנָיו תֵּלֵךְ (קהלת ח, ג), לְפִי שֶׁאֵין מְבַטְּלִין אֶתְכֶם מִן הַמִּצְוֹת, אֶלָּא שֶׁתִּכְפְּרוּ בְּהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, לְפִיכָךְ עַל דִּבְרַת שְׁבוּעַת אֱלֹהִים. Go forth from the ark (Gen. 8:16). Scripture says elsewhere in reference to this verse: I counsel thee: keep the king’s command, and that in regard of the oath of God. Be not hasty to go out of His presence (Eccles. 8:2–3). The Holy One, blessed be He, said to Israel: If a government imposes harsh decrees upon you, I adjure you not to rebel against that government but rather to keep the king’s command. However, if the government should decree that you must violate the Torah and its commandments, do not hearken unto it. Say to that government: “I will keep the king’s command in whatever you desire, but with regard to an oath to God, Scripture states: Be not hasty to go out of His presence.” They want you to violate the commandments so that you will ultimately repudiate the Holy One, blessed be He. Hence, it says: In regard of the oath of God, be not hasty to go forth from His presence (ibid.).
וְכֵן עָשׂוּ חֲנַנְיָה מִישָׁאֵל וַעֲזַרְיָה. בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁהֶעֱמִיד נְבוּכַדְנֶצַר אֶת הַצֶּלֶם, אָמְרוּ לוֹ מָה אַתָּה סָבוּר, שֶׁאִם תַּשְׁלִיךְ אוֹתָנוּ לְתוֹךְ כִּבְשַׁן הָאֵשׁ, אֵין הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מַצִּילֵנוּ, יוֹדְעִים אֲנַחְנוּ שֶׁהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא יָכוֹל לְהַצִּיל אוֹתָנוּ, אֶלָּא בֵּין מַצִּיל וּבֵין שֶׁאֵינוֹ מַצִּיל, אֵין אָנוּ מִשְׁתַּחֲוִים לַצֶּלֶם, דִּכְתִיב: הֵן אִיתַי אֱלָהָנָא דִּי אֲנַחְנָא פָלְחִין יָכִל לְשֵׁיזָבוּתָנָא מִן אַתּוּן נוּרָא יָקִדְתָּא וּמִן יְדָךְ מַלְכָּא יְשֵׁזִיב, וְהֵן לָא יְדִיעַ לֶהֱוֵא לָךְ מַלְכָּא דִּי לֵאלָהָךְ לָא אִיתָנָא פָלְחִין וּלְצֶלֶם דַּהֲבָא דִּי הֲקֵמְתְּ לָא נִסְגֻּד (דניאל ג, יז-יח). אָמַר לָהֶם נְבוּכַדְנֶצַר, הַצְדָּא שַׁדְרַךְ מֵישַׁךְ וַעֲבֵד נְגוֹ (דניאל ג, יד). מַהוּ הַצְדָּא? אָמַר לָהֶם: הַאֱמֶת אַתֶּם אוֹמְרִים כָּךְ. עֲנוֹ שַׁדְרַךְ מֵישַׁךְ וַעֲבֵד נְגוֹ וְאַמְרִין לְמַלְכָּא, נְבוּכַדְנֶצַר לָא חַשְׁחִין וְגוֹ' (דניאל ג, טז), וְלֹא אָמְרוּ לוֹ מַלְכָּא, אֶלָּא אָמְרוּ לוֹ: נְבוּכַדְנֶצַר לָא חָשְׁחִין אֲנַחְנָא עַל דְּנָה פִּתְגָּם לַהֳתָהוּתָךְ. אִם לְמִסִּים אִם לְאַרְנוֹנִיּוֹת וּלְכָל מַה שֶּׁאַתָּה גוֹזֵר, אֲנִי פִּי מֶלֶךְ שְׁמֹר, וְאַתָּה מֶלֶךְ עָלֵינוּ. אֲבָל לִכְפֹּר בְּהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, אַתָּה נְבוּכַדְנֶצַר, לָא חַשְׁחִין אֲנַחְנָא וְגוֹ', שֶׁכֵּן אָנוּ מְצֻוִּין עַל דִּבְרַת שְׁבוּעַת אֱלֹהִים, אַל תִּבָּהֵל מִפָּנָיו תֵּלֵךְ אַל תַּעֲמֹד בְּדָבָר רָע (קהלת ח, ג). כֵּיוָן שֶׁשָּׁמַע מֵהֶן כָּךְ, בֵּאדַיִן נְבוּכַדְנֶצַר הִתְמְלִי חֱמָא וּצְלֵם אַנְפּוֹהִי אֶשְׁתַּנִי עַל שַׁדְרַךְ מֵישַׁךְ וַעֲבֵד נְגוֹ עָנֵה וְאָמַר לְמֵזֵא לְאַתּוּנָא חַד שִׁבְעָה עַל דִּי חֲזֵה לְמֵזְיֵהּ (דניאל ג, יט). כֵּיוָן שֶׁהִסִּיקוּ אֶת הַכִּבְשָׁן, בֵּאדַיִן גֻּבְרַיָּא אִלֵּךְ כְּפִתּוּ בְּסַרְבָּלֵיהוֹן פַּטְשֵׁיהוֹן וְכַרְבְּלָתְהוֹן וּלְבוּשֵׁיהוֹן וּרְמִיו לְגוֹא אַתּוּן נוּרָא יָקִדְתָּא (דניאל ג, כא). Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah behaved in that fashion at the time Nebuchadnezzar erected his statue. They said to him: Do you believe that even if you should cast us into the midst of a fiery furnace, the Holy One, blessed be He, will not save us? We know that the Holy One, blessed be He, is able to save us, but whether we are saved or not, we shall not prostrate ourselves before your image, for it is written: If our God whom we serve is able to deliver us, He will deliver us from the burning fiery furnace, and out of thy hand, O king. But if not, be it known unto thee, O king, that we will not serve thy gods, nor worship the golden image which thou hast set up (Dan. 3:17–18). Then Nebuchadnezzar replied: Is it true, O Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego, that you serve not my gods, nor worship the golden image which I have set up? (ibid., v. 14). What is the meaning of Is it true? It means that he said to them: “Is it true what you say?” Then Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego answered and said to the king: “O Nebuchadnezzar, we have no need to answer thee in this manner” (ibid., v. 16). They did not address him as king but simply as Nebuchadnezzar. “We have no need to obey you in this demand. If you had issued a decree concerning taxes or levies upon our crops or upon anything else, we would say, ‘I keep the king’s command,’ and you would be obeyed as a king, but when you command us to deny our God, then you are merely Nebuchadnezzar. We have no need to respond to you in any demand, for we have been commanded in regard to the oath of God: Be not hasty to go out of his presence, stand not in an evil thing (Eccles. 8:3).” Upon hearing this, Nebuchadnezzar was filled with fury, and the form of his visage was changed, against Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego; he spoke, and commanded that they should heat the furnace seven times more than it was wont to be heated…. Then these men were bound in their cloaks, their tunics, and their robes … and were cast into the midst of the burning fiery furnace (Dan. 3:19–21).
מִכָּאן אַתָּה לָמֵד, שֶׁאֲפִלּוּ בִּשְׁעַת הַסַּכָּנָה אַל יְשַׁנֶּה אָדָם אֶת עַצְמוֹ מִן כְּבוֹדוֹ, שֶׁהֲרֵי יָצְאוּ אֵלּוּ לִשָּׂרֵף וְקִשְּׁטוּ עַצְמָן. You learn from this verse that a man must not lose his sense of dignity even though he is in mortal danger. All three adorned themselves in their best garments even though they might be consumed in the furnace.
וְגֻבְרַיָּא אִלֵּךְ תְּלָתֵהוֹן שַׁדְרַךְ מֵישַׁךְ וַעֲבֵד נְגוֹ נְפַלוּ לְגוֹא אַתּוּן נוּרָא יָקִדְתָּא מְכַפְּתִין (דניאל ג, כג). כֵּיוָן שֶׁיָּרְדוּ לְתוֹךְ הַכִּבְשָׁן, תָּלוּ עֵינֵיהֶם וְאָמְרוּ, רִבּוֹנוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם, גָּלוּי וְיָדוּעַ לְפָנֶיךָ שֶׁלֹּא בָטַחְנוּ בְמַעֲשֵׂינוּ אֶלָּא בְּשִׁמְךָ הַגָּדוֹל שֶׁלֹּא יִתְחַלֵּל לְעֵינֵי הַגּוֹיִם, לֹא לָנוּ ה' לֹא לָנוּ כִּי לְשִׁמְךָ תֵּן כָּבוֹד וְגוֹ', לָמָּה יֹאמְרוּ הַגּוֹיִם אַיֵּה נָא אֱלֹהֵיהֶם וְגוֹ' (תהלים קטו, א-ב), כָּל אוֹתוֹ עִנְיָן. וַהֲרֵי כָּנַס הָרָשָׁע הַזֶּה אֶת כָּל הַלְּשׁוֹנוֹת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: בֵּאדַיִן מִתְכַּנְּשִׁין אֲחַשְׁדַּרְפָּנַיָּא סִגְנַיָּא וּפַחֲוָתָא אֲדַרְגָּזְרַיָּא גְדָבְרַיָּא דְתָבְרַיָּא תִּפְתָּיֵא וְכֹל שִׁלְטוֹנֵי מְדִינָתָא לַחֲנֻכַּת צַלְמָא דִּי הֲקֵם נְבוּכַדְנֶצַר (דניאל ג, ג). שִׁשָּׁה And these three men, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego, fell down bound into the midst of a fiery burning furnace (ibid. 3:23). After they were cast into the furnace, they looked upward and exclaimed: “O Master, Lord of the universe, it is revealed to Thee, and Thou dost certainly know, that we rely not upon our own deeds (to be saved) but upon Thine exalted name, which must not be desecrated in the sight of the nations. Not unto us, 0, Lord, not unto us, but unto Thy name give glory…. Wherefore should the nations exclaim: “Where is now their God?” (Ps. 115:1–2).” The wicked man, Nebuchadnezzar, had brought together people from all over the Empire, as it is said: And the satraps, the prefects, the governors, judges, treasurers, counsellors, sheriffs, and all the rulers of the provinces, to come to the dedication of the image (Dan. 3:3).
נִסִּים נַעֲשׂוּ בְּאוֹתוֹ הַיּוֹם לַצַּדִּיקִים, וְאֵלּוּ הֵן, צָף הַכִּבְשָׁן, וְנִפְרָץ הַכִּבְשָׁן, וְנָמַק יְסוֹדוֹ, וְנֶהְפַּךְ הַצֶּלֶם עַל פָּנָיו, וְנִשְׂרְפוּ אַרְבַּע מַלְכֻיּוֹת, וְהֶחֱיָה יְחֶזְקֵאל אֶת הַמֵּתִים. וְכֻלָּן מִן הַמִּשְׁנָה. אֶלָּא הַלָּלוּ אַרְבַּע מַלְכֻיּוֹת מְפֹרָשׁ מִן הַפָּסוּק, דִּכְתִיב: גֻּבְרַיָּא אִלֵּךְ דִּי הַסִּקוּ לְשַׁדְרַךְ מֵישַׁךְ וַעֲבֵד נְגוֹ קַטִּל הִמּוֹן שְׁבִיבָא דִּי נוּרָא (דניאל ג, כב). וּמִנַּיִן שֶׁנִּשְׂרְפוּ אַרְבַּע מַלְכֻיּוֹת, דִּכְתִיב: וּמִתְכַנְּשִׁין אֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנַיָּא סִגְנַיָּא וּפַחֲוָתָא וְהַדָּבְרֵי מַלְכָּא (דניאל ג, כז). וְהֵיכָן אֲדַרְגָּזְיָא גְדָבְרַיָּא וַחֲבֵרָיו, אֶלָּא קַטִּל הִמּוֹן שְׁבִיבָא דִּי נוּרָא. Six miracles were performed on that day in behalf of these righteous men. The furnace rose to the surface, it fell asunder, its foundation crumbled, the golden image fell headlong, the leaders of four governments were burned to death, and Ezekiel revived the dead. All but one of these miracles are mentioned in the Mishnah.16Cf. Sanhedrin 92b. The miracle of the fiery death of four officers is mentioned in the scriptural verse The flame of the fire slew those men that took up Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego (ibid., v. 22). How do we know that four officers were consumed? It says further on: And the satraps, the prefects, and the governors, and the king’s ministers, being gathered together (ibid. v. 27). What happened to the sheriff, the treasurer, the counsellor, and the judge referred to in the previous verse? These were the four who were consumed by the flames of the furnace.
בְּאוֹתָהּ שָׁעָה בִּקְשׁוּ מַלְאֲכֵי הַשָּׁרֵת לֵירֵד לְהַצִּיל חֲנַנְיָה מִישָׁאֵל וַעֲזַרְיָה מִן הַכִּבְשָׁן. אָמַר לָהֶן הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, הוֹאִיל וְלִשְׁמִי יָרְדוּ, אֲנִי יוֹרֵד וּמַצִּילָן וּמַתִּירָן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: עֹשֶׂה מִשְׁפָּט לַעֲשׁוּקִים ה' מַתִּיר אֲסוּרִים (תהלים קמו, ז). מִשֶׁהִתִּירָן וְהֵצִיף לָהֶם אֶת הַכִּבְשָׁן, וְהֶעֱלָה אוֹתוֹ וְהִשְׁוָה אוֹתוֹ לָאָרֶץ, שֶׁהָיָה עָמֹק. כֵּיוָן שֶׁרָאָה הַמַּלְאָךְ, אָמַר לָהֶן, צְאוּ לָכֶם מִכָּאן שֶׁהֲרֵי כְּבָר הִתִּיר אֶתְכֶם הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא וְעָשָׂה לָכֶם נִסִּים וְהִשְׁוָהוּ לָאָרֶץ. אָמְרוּ לוֹ: אֵין אָנוּ יוֹצְאִין אֶלָּא בִרְשׁוּת הַמֶּלֶךְ, שֶׁלֹּא יֹאמַר בָּרְחוּ לָהֶן מִן הַכִּבְשָׁן, אֲנִי פִּי מֶלֶךְ שְׁמֹר, בִּרְשׁוּתוֹ הֻשְׁלַכְנוּ, בִּרְשׁוּתוֹ נֵצֵא. כְּשֶׁבָּא נְבוּכַדְנֶאצַר וְרָאָה אוֹתָן, הִתְחִיל תָּמֵהַּ. עָנָה וְאָמַר, שַׁדְרַךְ מֵישַׁךְ וַעֲבֵד נְגוֹ עַבְדוֹהִי דִּי אֱלָהָא עִלָּאָה פֻּקוֹ וֶאֱתוֹ, בֵּאדַיִן נָפְקִין שַׁדְרַךְ מֵישַׁךְ וַעֲבֵד נְגוֹ מִן גּוֹא נוּרָא (דניאל ג, כו). פֻּקוּ וּסְקוּ לֹא נֶאֱמַר, אֶלָּא פֻּקוּ וֶאֱתוֹ. מִכָּאן, שֶׁנַּעֲשָׂה הַכִּבְשָׁן שָׁוֶה לָאָרֶץ. בֵּאדַיִן נַפְקִין, בִּרְשׁוּתוֹ הֻשְׁלְכוּ וּבִרְשׁוּתוֹ יָצָאוּ. מִמִּי לָמְדוּ, מִנֹּחַ שֶׁנִּכְנַס בִּרְשׁוּתוֹ שֶׁל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר לוֹ: בֹּא אַתָּה וְכָל בֵּיתְךָ. וּלְבַסּוֹף נֶאֱמַר לוֹ צֵא מִן הַתֵּבָה. The ministering angels were about to descend from heaven to rescue Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego when the Holy One, blessed be He, said to them: “They descended for the sake of My Name, therefore I shall descend to rescue them and release them,” as it is said: Who executeth justice for the oppressed, the Lord looseth the prisoners (Ps. 146:7). Forthwith, He released them by raising the furnace, which was extremely deep, until it was level with the ground. When the angel beheld what had transpired, he said to them: “Depart from this place, for the Holy One, blessed be He, has already released you. He performed miracles in your behalf and has raised the furnace level with the ground.” They replied: “We shall not depart from this place without the king’s permission lest he say we escaped from the furnace. I keep the king’s command; that is, by his command we were cast into the furnace, and only at his command shall we depart.” When Nebuchadnezzar approached and saw what had taken place he was astounded, and he spoke, saying: Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego, ye servants of God Most High, come forth, and come hither (Dan. 3:26). The verse does not say “Come up” but merely Come forth, and come hither, thereby indicating that the furnace had been raised level with the ground. Inasmuch as they had been cast into the furnace at his command, they would come forth only at his command. Where did they learn this? They learned it from Noah, who entered the ark at the command of the Holy Omnipotent One, blessed be He, as it is said: Come, thou and all thy house (Gen. 7:1), and finally he left it at His command when He said to him: Go forth from the ark (ibid. 8:16).
בְּפֶשַׁע שְׂפָתַיִם מוֹקֵשׁ רָע וַיֵּצֵא מִצָּרָה צַדִּיק (משלי יב, יג). בְּפֶשַׁע שְׂפָתַיִם מוֹקֵשׁ רָע, אֵלּוּ דוֹר הַמַּבּוּל שֶׁאָמְרוּ, מַה שַּׁדַּי כִּי נַעַבְדֶנּוּ וּמַה נּוֹעִיל כִּי נִפְגַּע בּוֹ (איוב כא, טו). וְלֹא עוֹד אֶלָּא אָמְרוּ לָאֵל סוּר מִמֶּנּוּ (איוב כא, יג). יֵשׁ גֵּר וְתוֹשָׁב אוֹמֵר לְבַעַל הַבַּיִת פַּנֵּה אֶת כֵּלֶיךָ The transgression of the lips is a snare to the evil man (Prov. 12:13). The evil men referred to in this verse are the men of the generation of the flood, who said: What is the Almighty, that we should serve Him? And what profit shall we have if we pray unto Him? (Job 21:15)? Furthermore, they said unto God: Depart from us (ibid., v. 14). Who ever heard of a guest, seated at his host’s table, telling his host: “Pack your things and depart”?
וַיֵצֵא מִצָּרָה צַדִּיק, זֶה נֹחַ שֶׁאָמַר לוֹ צֵא מִן הַתֵּבָה. The righteous cometh out of trouble (Prov. 12:13). This verse alludes to Noah, to whom the Holy One, blessed be He, said: Go forth from the ark.