וַיֹּאמֶר ה' אֶל אַבְרָם לֶךְ לְךָ. יְלַמְּדֵנוּ רַבֵּנוּ, אָדָם מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל מַהוּ שֶׁיְּקַבֵּל עָלָיו מַלְכוּת שָׁמַיִם כְּשֶׁהוּא מְהַלֵּךְ. רַב אִידִי וְרַב הוּנָא בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי יְהוּדָה וְרַבִּי יוֹסִי בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל אָמְרוּ, אָסוּר לְקַבֵּל עָלָיו עֹל מַלְכוּת שָׁמַיִם כְּשֶׁהוּא מְהַלֵּךְ, אֶלָּא יַעֲמֹד בְּמָקוֹם אֶחָד וִיכַוֵּן לִבּוֹ לַשָּׁמַיִם בְּאֵימָה וּבְיִרְאָה בְּרֶתֶת וּבְזִיעַ בְּיִחוּד הַשֵּׁם, וְיִקְרָא שְׁמַע יִשְׂרָאֵל ה' אֱלֹהֵינוּ ה' אֶחָד (דברים ו, ד), כָּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד בְּכַוָּנַת הַלֵּב, וְאַחַר כָּךְ, בָּרוּךְ שֵׁם כְּבוֹד מַלְכוּתוֹ לְעוֹלָם וָעֶד. וּכְשֶׁמַּתְחִיל וְאָהַבְתָּ (דברים ו, ה), רָצָה מְהַלֵּךְ, רָצָה עוֹמֵד, רָצָה יוֹשֵׁב, שֶׁכָּךְ כְּתִיב: בְּשִׁבְתְּךָ בְּבֵיתֶךָ וּבְלֶכְתְּךָ בַדֶּרֶךְ וּבְשָׁכְבְּךָ וּבְקוּמֶךָ (דברים ו, ה). And the Lord said unto Abram: “Get thee out of thy country” (Gen. 12:1). May it please our master to teach us whether an Israelite is permitted to take upon himself the yoke of the heavenly kingdom (i.e., to recite the Shema) while traveling? R. Idi and R. Huna said in the name of R. Judah, and R. Yosé said in the name of R. Samuel: An Israelite is forbidden to take upon himself the yoke of the heavenly kingdom while traveling. He is required to stand still, directing his heart heavenward in trepidation and fear, in trembling and reverence, while proclaiming the oneness of God: Hear, O Israel, the Lord our God, the Lord is One (Deut. 6:4). He must speak each word with heartfelt sincerity, and then (add the benediction) “Blessed be His name, whose glorious kingdom is forever and ever.”1Cf. Y. Berakhot 13b, Buber Tanhuma, Lekh Lekha 1. However, when he commences the portion “And thou shalt love the Lord thy God,” he may either walk or stand or sit, as he desires, for it is written: When thou sittest in thy house, when thou goest on thy way, when thou liest down, and when thou risest up (Deut. 6:7).
אַתָּה מוֹצֵא כָּל הַמְדַקְדֵּק עַל הַמִּצְוֹת, שְׂכָרוֹ מְרֻבֶּה, שֶׁכֵּן מָצִינוּ בְּאַבְרָהָם שֶׁדִּקְדֵּק עַל הַמִּצְוֹת, לְפִיכָךְ נִקְרָא אֹהֲבוֹ שֶׁל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: זֶרַע אַבְרָהָם אֹהֲבִי (ישעיה מא, ח). אָמַר רַבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר נַחְמָנִי אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹנָתָן, אֲפִלּוּ עֵרוּבֵי תַבְשִׁילִין שָׁמְרוּ בְּבֵיתוֹ שֶׁל אַבְרָהָם אָבִינוּ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וַיִּשְׁמֹר מִשְׁמַרְתִּי מִצְוֹתַי חֻקֹּתַי וְתוֹרֹתָי (בראשית כו, ה). וְכִי תּוֹרוֹת הַרְבֵּה, וַהֲרֵי כְבָר נֶאֱמַר, תּוֹרָה אַחַת יִהְיֶה לָכֶם (שמות יב, מט). וּכְתִיב: תּוֹרָה אַחַת וּמִשְׁפָּט אֶחָד (במדבר טו, טז), אֶלָּא וְתוֹרֹתָי, אֵלּוּ דִּקְדּוּקֵי מִצְוֹת שֶׁדִּקְדֵּק אַבְרָהָם. אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, אַתָּה מְדַקְדֵּק בְּמִצְוֹתַי וְאַתָּה יוֹשֵׁב עִם עוֹבְדֵי עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, צֵא מִבֵּינֵיהֶן, לֶךְ לְךָ מֵאַרְצְךָ וְגוֹ'. You find that anyone who observes the commandments meticulously is rewarded fully. For example, because Abraham observed the commandments meticulously, he was called the beloved of the Holy One, blessed be He, as it is said: The seed of Abraham, My beloved (Isa. 41:8). R. Samuel the son of Nahmani quoted R. Jonathan as saying that in Abraham’s home, even the commandment prohibiting the preparation of the Sabbath meals on a holy day that occurred on a Friday was carefully observed,2A dish prepared on Thursday is allowed to lay over until eaten on the Sabbath. By this legal fiction all the cooking for the Sabbath performed on a Friday that is a holy day is considered a continuation of the preparations started on Thursday. as it is said: Because that Abraham hearkened to My voice, and kept My charge, My commandments, My statutes, and My laws (Gen. 26:5). Are there a variety of laws that Scripture should say My laws? Has it not already been stated: One law shall be to him that is home born, and to the stranger that sojourns among you (Exod. 12:49), and was it not previously written: One law and one ordinance (Num. 15:16)? The word My laws employed in the above verse refers (solely) to the minutiae of the law which Abraham observed meticulously. The Holy One, blessed be He, said to him: Though you do observe My laws scrupulously, yet you dwell amongst idolaters; Get thee out of thy country.