וַיֹּאמֶר לוֹ ה' לָכֵן כָּל הֹרֵג קַיִן. אָמַר לוֹ: אַרְבַּע מִשְׁפָּחוֹת עֲתִידוֹת לָצֵאת מֵהֶבֶל וּבִטַּלְתָּן מִן הָעוֹלָם, כָּךְ תִּפְתַּח הָאָרֶץ אֶת פִּיהָ וְתִבְלַע לְךָ אַרְבַּע מִשְׁפָּחוֹת. אֵלּוּ הֵן, חֲנוֹךְ עִירָד וּמְחוּיָאֵל וּמְתוּשָׁאֵל. And the Lord said unto him: “Therefore, whosoever slayeth Cain, vengeance shall be taken on him sevenfold.” and the Lord set a sign for Cain (Gen. 4:15). The Holy One, blessed be He, said to him: Four families were destined to descend from Abel, but since you have eliminated them from the face of the earth, the earth will open up and devour four families that will descend from you: these are Enoch, Irad, Mehujael, and Methushael.
וְכֵיצַד נֶהֱרַג, קַיִן נַעֲשָׂה מַלְאַךְ הַמָּוֶת מֵאָה וּשְׁלֹשִׁים שָׁנָה וְהוּא נָע וָנָד בַּקְּלָלָה. לֶמֶךְ בֶּן בְּנוֹ הָיָה שְׁבִיעִי לַדּוֹרוֹת וְסוּמָא, הָיָה יוֹצֵא לָצוּד וְהָיָה בְנוֹ אוֹחֲזוֹ בְיָדוֹ, כְּשֶׁהָיָה רוֹאֶה תִינוֹק חַיָּה, הָיָה אוֹמֵר לוֹ. אָמַר לוֹ: כְּמִין חַיָּה אֲנִי רוֹאֶה. מָתַח אֶת הַקֶּשֶׁת כְּנֶגְדּוֹ וְהָרַג אֶת קַיִן. רָאָה אוֹתוֹ תִינוֹק מֵרָחוֹק הָרוּג וְקֶרֶן בְּמִצְחוֹ. אָמַר לוֹ לְלֶמֶךְ, אָבִי, הֲרֵי דְמוּת אָדָם הָרוּג וְקֶרֶן בְּמִצְחוֹ. אָמַר לוֹ לֶמֶךְ, וַי לִי, זְקֵנִי הוּא. טָפַח שְׁתֵּי יָדָיו בַּחֲרָטָה וְנָגַע בְּרֹאשׁ הַתִּינוֹק וַהֲרָגוֹ בְשׁוֹגֵג, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: כִּי אִישׁ הָרַגְתִּי לְפִצְעִי וְיֶלֶד לְחַבֻּרָתִי. How was Cain slain?38Midrash ha-Gadol 1:118–119, Rashi on Gen. 4:23, Ginzberg, Legends of the Jews 5:116. For one hundred and thirty years, Cain became an angel of death, wandering and roaming about, accursed. Lamech, his descendant in the seventh generation, who was blind, would go hunting led about by his young son. At the sight of game, the lad would apprise his father of its whereabouts. One time the lad said to his father: “I see some kind of beast in the distance.” Lamech sent his arrow in that direction, and Cain was slain. As they approached the corpse, the lad saw a horn protruding from the forehead of the slain creature, and he said to his father: “The corpse resembles a man, but a horn protrudes39See n. 36 above. from its forehead.” Thereupon, Lamech cried out: “Woe is me, it is my grandfather.” In his grief, he clasped his hands together, and accidentally struck the child’s head, killing him. As it is said: I can slay a man by a wound of mine and a child by a strike of mine (Gen. 4:23).
נִשְׁאֲרוּ שְׁלָשְׁתָּן בְּמָקוֹם אֶחָד, קַיִן הָרוּג וְאוֹתוֹ תִינוֹק הָרוּג וְלֶמֶךְ סוּמָא. לָעֶרֶב יָצְאוּ נָשָׁיו אַחֲרָיו, מָצְאוּ זְקֵנָם הָרוּג, וְתוּבַל קַיִן בְּנָם הָרוּג, וְלֶמֶךְ. בְּאוֹתָהּ שָׁעָה פָּתְחָה הָאָרֶץ פִּיהָ וּבָלְעָה אַרְבַּע מִשְׁפָּחוֹת, חֲנוֹךְ וְעִירָד וּמְחוּיָאֵל וּמְתוּשָׁאֵל, וְנַעֲשָׂה לֶמֶךְ מַלְאַךְ הַמָּוֶת, לְקַיֵּם מַה שֶּׁנֶּאֱמַר: כִּי שִׁבְעָתַיִם יֵקַּם קָיִן וְלֶמֶךְ שִׁבְעִים וְשִׁבְעָה (בראשית ד, כד). The three remained where they were: Cain dead, the child slain, and Lamech blind. At nightfall his wives went out to search for them and found their grandfather dead, their son Tubal-cain slain, and Lamech. It was then that the earth swallowed up the four families: Enoch, Irad, Mehujael, and Methushael. Thereafter, Lamech served as the Angel of Death in fulfillment of the verse: Cain was avenged sevenfold, and Lamech seventy and seven (Gen. 4:24).
כֵּיוָן שֶׁבָּאוּ לַבַּיִת, אָמַר לָהֶם לֶמֶךְ לְנָשָׁיו, עֲלוּ לַמִּטָּה. אָמְרוּ לוֹ: הָרַגְתָּ אֶת קַיִן זְקֵנֵנוּ וְתוּבַל קַיִן בְּנֵנוּ, לֹא נַעֲלֶה. אָמַר לָהֶן, כְּבָר נָטַל חֶלְקוֹ קַיִן שִׁבְעָה דוֹרוֹת, אֲבָל אֲנִי שִׁבְעִים וְשִׁבְעָה. אָמְרוּ לוֹ: לֹא נִשְׁמַע לָךְ, מָה אָנוּ מוֹלִידוֹת לִמְאֵרָה? אָמַר לָהֶן, נֵלֵךְ לְבֵית דִּין. הָלְכוּ לָהֶם אֵצֶל אָדָם הָרִאשׁוֹן. אָמְרוּ לוֹ עָדָה וְצִלָּה, אֲדוֹנֵנוּ, לֶמֶךְ זֶה בַּעְלֵנוּ הָרַג אֶת זְקֵנֵנוּ. אָמַר לָהֶן, אִי זְקֵנֵנוּ לְפִי תֻמּוֹ הֲרָגוֹ. אָמַר לָהֶן אָדָם, נְשֵׁי לֶמֶךְ הַאֲזֵנָה אִמְרָתִי, לֶמֶךְ אוֹמֵר, וְכִי אִישׁ הָרַגְתִּי לְפִצְעִי, בִּתְמִיהָה. אָמַר לָהֶן, לְכוּ הִשָּׁמְעוּ לְבַעֲלֵיכֶן. אָמְרוּ לוֹ: אַסְיָא, אַסֵּי חִגְרָתָךְ, אַתָּה פָּרַשְׁתָּ מִמִּטָּתְךָ מֵאָה וּשְׁלֹשִים שָׁנָה וְאַתָּה מְלַמֵּד אוֹתָנוּ. מַה כְּתִיב אַחֲרָיו, וַיְחִי אָדָם שְׁלֹשִים וּמְאַת שָׁנָה וַיּוֹלֶד בִּדְמוּתוֹ כְּצַלְמוֹ. Upon returning home, Lamech said to his wives: “Let us go to bed.” They replied: “You have slain our ancestor and our son Tubal-cain; we shall no longer go to bed with you.” He retorted: “Cain received his punishment only after seven generations, surely mine should be postponed for seventy and seven generations.” “We shall not listen to you,” they insisted. “Why should we give birth to one who will be dishonored?” Thereupon, he said: “Let us go to the court for a decision.” They went to Adam, and Adah and Zillah cried out: “Oh, lord Lamech, our husband, has slain our grandfather.” Whereupon Lamech declared: “Did our grandfather kill unwittingly?” Adam replied: “Wives of Lamech, hearken to my words! Lamech says: Have I have slain a man intentionally? (Gen. 4:23). Therefore I say to you: Go and obey your husband.” They retorted: “O physician, heal your own lameness. You have not had sexual intercourse with your wife for one hundred and thirty years,40Adam abstained from sexual intercourse in atonement for ignoring God’s command not to eat of the tree of knowledge. After their rebuke he indulged in sexual intercourse and fathered a son. yet you command us to do so.” Hence it is written in Scripture following this incident: And Adam lived a hundred and thirty years and begot his son in his own likeness (Gen. 5:3).
וַיְחִי לֶמֶךְ שְׁתַּיִם וּשְׁמֹנִים שָׁנָה וּמְאַת שָׁנָה וַיּוֹלֶד בֵּן, שֶׁמִּמֶּנּוּ נִבְרָא הָעוֹלָם. וַיִּקְרָא אֶת שְׁמוֹ נֹחַ לֵאמֹר זֶה יְנַחֲמֵנוּ (בראשית ה, כט). מִנַּיִן הָיָה יוֹדֵעַ לוֹמַר זֶה יְנַחֲמֵנוּ מִמַּעֲשֵׂנוּ וְגוֹ', וְכִי נָבִיא הָיָה. אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן יְהוֹצָדָק, לְמוּדִין הָיוּ, שֶׁבְּשָׁעָה שֶׁאָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לָאָדָם, אֲרוּרָה הָאֲדָמָה בַּעֲבוּרֶךָ בְּעִצָּבוֹן תֹּאכֲלֶנָּה כֹּל יְמֵי חַיֶּיךָ, אָמַר אָדָם, רִבּוֹנוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם, עַד מָתַי. אָמַר לוֹ: עַד שֶׁיִּוָּלֵד אָדָם מָהוּל. כֵּיוָן שֶׁנּוֹלַד נֹחַ מָהוּל, מִיָּד יָדַע לֶמֶךְ וְאָמַר, וַדַּאי זֶה יְנַחֲמֵנוּ וְגוֹ'. Lamech lived a hundred and eighty-two years and begot his son (Gen. 5:28), through whom the world was to be reestablished. He called him Noah (lit. “comfort, ease”), saying: This one will comfort us in our work and in the toil of our hand (Gen. 5:29). How did he know that this one would comfort us in our work? Was Lamech a prophet? R. Simeon the son of Yehozadak said: There was a tradition that when the Holy One, blessed be He, told Adam: Cursed be the ground for thy sake; in toil shalt thou eat of it (Gen. 3:17), Adam inquired: “Master of the Universe, how long will the ground be cursed?” He replied: “Until a man-child already circumcised shall be born.” When Noah was born circumcised, Lamech understood immediately that this was the one concerning whom the Holy One, blessed be He, had said: This one will comfort us in our work (ibid. 5:29).
וּמַהוּ מִמַּעֲשֵׂנוּ וּמֵעִצְּבוֹן יָדֵינוּ. קֹדֶם שֶׁנּוֹלַד נֹחַ, לֹא כְּשֶׁהָיוּ זוֹרְעִין הָיוּ קוֹצְרִין, אֶלָּא הָיוּ זוֹרְעִין חִטִּים וְקוֹצְרִים קוֹצִים וְדַרְדָּרִים. כֵּיוָן שֶׁנּוֹלַד נֹחַ, חָזַר הָעוֹלָם לְיִשּׁוּבוֹ, קָצְרוּ מַה שֶּׁזָּרְעוּ, זוֹרְעִין חִטִּין וְקוֹצְרִין חִטִּין. שְׂעוֹרִים וְקוֹצְרִין שְׂעוֹרִים. וְלֹא עוֹד אֶלָּא עַד שֶׁלֹּא נוֹלַד נֹחַ עוֹשִׂין מְלָאכָה בִּידֵיהֶם לְכָךְ כְּתִיב וּמֵעִצְּבוֹן יָדֵינוּ. נוֹלָד נֹחַ הִתְקִין לָהֶם מַחֲרֵשׁוֹת וּמַגָּלוֹת וְקַרְדֻּמּוֹת וְכָל כְּלֵי מְלָאכָה. What do the words in our work and in the toil of our hands (ibid.) imply? Prior to Noah’s birth, men did not reap what they sowed. They would sow wheat and reap thorns and thistles, but when Noah was born, the world reverted to normal: Wheat was sown and wheat was reaped; barley was sown and barley was reaped. Furthermore, prior to Noah’s birth, men performed all their labor by hand, as it is written: And in the toil of our hands, but after Noah was born, plows, scythes, axes, and other implements were introduced.