וַיֹּאמֶר בָּלָק אֶל בִּלְעָם מֶה עָשִׂיתָ לִי לָקֹב וְגוֹ', וַיַּעַן בִּלְעָם וַיֹּאמַר, הֲלֹא אֶת אֲשֶׁר יָשִׂים אֱלֹהִים בְּפִי וְגוֹ', וַיֹּאמֶר בָּלָק אֶל בִּלְעָם לְכָה נָא אֶקָּחֲךָ וְגוֹ', וַיִּקָּחֵהוּ שְׂדֵה צוֹפִים וְגוֹ'. רָאָה שֶׁיִּשְׂרָאֵל נִפְרָצִים שָׁם, שֶׁשָּׁם מֵת מֹשֶׁה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: עֲלֵה רֹאשׁ הַפִּסְגָּה וְגוֹ' (דברים ג, כז). יֵשׁ פִּרְצָה גְּדוֹלָה מִזּוֹ, שֶׁרָאָה בַּנְּחָשִׁים וְהָיָה סָבוּר שֶׁבְּיָדוֹ נוֹפְלִין שָׁם. וַיִּבֶן שִׁבְעָה מִזְבְּחוֹת, וַיֹּאמֶר אֶל בָּלָק הִתְיַצֵּב כֹּה, וַיִּקָּר אֱלֹהִים אֶל בִּלְעָם וְיָשֶׂם דָּבָר בְּפִיו, כְּאָדָם שֶׁנָּתַן כַּלְבּוֹס בְּפִי בְּהֵמָה וּפוֹקְמָהּ לְהֵיכָן שֶׁיִּרְצֶה. כָּךְ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא פּוֹקֵם אֶת פִּיו. כֵּיוָן שֶׁאָמַר לוֹ: שׁוּב אֶל בָּלָק וּבָרְכֵם. אָמַר, מַה לִּי לֵילֵךְ אֶצְלוֹ לָפוּחַ נַפְשׁוֹ. בִּקֵּשׁ לֵילֵךְ לְעַצְמוֹ וְלֹא לְבָלָק. נָתַן הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא כַּלְבּוֹס בְּפִיו, שׁוּב אֶל בָּלָק וְכֹה תְּדַבֵּר. וַיָּשָׁב אֵלָיו וְהִנֵּה נִצָּב עַל עוֹלָתוֹ וְשָׂרֵי מוֹאָב. בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה כְּתִיב בּוֹ, הוּא וְכָל שָׂרֵי מוֹאָב. כְּשֶׁרָאוּ שֶׁלֹּא הוֹעִילוּ כְּלוּם, הֱנִיחוּהוּ, וְנִשְׁתַּיְּרוּ עִמּוֹ מִקְצָת שָׂרֵי מוֹאָב. וַיֹּאמֶר לוֹ בָּלָק מַה דִּבֵּר ה'. שֶׁרָאָה שֶׁאֵינוֹ בִּרְשׁוּתוֹ לוֹמַר מַה שֶּׁהוּא רוֹצֶה, יָשַׁב לוֹ וְהָיָה מְשַׂחֵק בּוֹ. כֵּיוָן שֶׁרָאָה שֶׁהָיָה מְשַׂחֵק, אָמַר לוֹ בִּלְעָם, עֲמֹד מִשָּׁם וְאֵין אַתָּה רַשַּׁאי לֵישֵׁב וְדִבְרֵי הַמָּקוֹם נֶאֱמָרִין. קוּם בָּלָק וּשְׁמַע הַאֲזִינָה עָדַי בְּנוֹ צִפֹּר. שְׁנֵיהֶם הָיוּ מָנֶה בֶּן פְּרָס, שֶׁהָיוּ עוֹשִׂין עַצְמָן גְּדוֹלִים מֵאֲבוֹתֵיהֶם. נְאֻם בִּלְעָם בְּנוֹ בְּעוֹר, הַאֲזִינָה עָדַי בְּנוֹ צִפֹּר. לֹא אִישׁ אֵל וִיכַזֵּב. אֵינוֹ כְּבָשָׂר וָדָם. שֶׁבָּשָׂר וָדָם, קוֹנֶה אוֹהֲבִים. מָצָא אֲחֵרִים יָפִים מֵהֶם, כָּפַר בָּרִאשׁוֹנִים. הוּא אֵינוֹ כֵן, אִי אֶפְשָׁר לְכַזֵּב בִּשְׁבוּעַת אָבוֹת הָרִאשׁוֹנִים. הַהוּא אָמַר וְלֹא יַעֲשֶׂה. כְּשֶׁהוּא אָמַר לְהָבִיא עֲלֵיהֶם רָעוֹת, שֶׁאִם עוֹשִׂין תְּשׁוּבָה, מְבַטְּלָן, אַתְּ מוֹצֵא, שֶׁכָּתוּב בַּתּוֹרָה, זוֹבֵחַ לֵאלֹהִים יָחְרָם וְגוֹ' (שמות כב, יט). וְעָשׂוּ אֶת הָעֵגֶל וְהָיוּ רְאוּיִין לִכְלָיָה, וְהָיִיתִי סָבוּר לְקַלְּלָם וּלְהַכְחִידָם, וּמִיָּד עָשׂוּ תְּשׁוּבָה וּבִטֵּל, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וַיִּנָּחֵם ה' עַל הָרָעָה אֲשֶׁר דִּבֵּר לַעֲשׂוֹת לְעַמּוֹ (שם לב, יד). וְכֵן בִּמְקוֹמוֹת הַרְבֵּה שֶׁאָמַר עַל יְכָנְיָה, כִּי לֹא יִצְלַח מִזַּרְעוֹ וְגוֹ' (ירמיה כב, ל). וְאָמַר לְבֶן בְּנוֹ, וְהָפַכְתִּי כִּסֵּא מַמְלָכוֹת וְהִשְׁמַדְתִּי חֹזֶק מַמְלְכוֹת הַגּוֹיִם (חגי ב, כב). שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא נְאֻם ה' צְבָאוֹת אֶקָּחֲךָ זְרֻבָּבֶל בֶּן שְׁאַלְתִּיאֵל עַבְדִּי נְאֻם ה' וְשַׂמְתִּיךָ כַּחוֹתָם (חגי ב, כג). וּבִטֵּל מַה שֶּׁאָמַר לְאָבִיו, חַי אֲנִי נְאֻם ה' כִּי אִם יִהְיֶה כָּנְיָהוּ בֶן יְהוֹיָקִים מֶלֶךְ יְהוּדָה חוֹתָם עַל יַד יְמִינִי כִּי מִשָּׁם אֶתְּקֶנְךָּ (ירמיה כב, כד). וְכֵן בְּאַנְשֵׁי עֲנָתוֹת כְּתִיב: וּשְׁאֵרִית לֹא תִּהְיֶה לָהֶם כִּי אָבִיא רֹעֶה אֶל אַנְשֵׁי עֲנָתוֹת (שם יא, כג). כֵּיוָן שֶׁעָשׂוּ תְּשׁוּבָה, חֲזִי מַה דִּכְתִּיב אַנְשֵׁי עֲנָתוֹת מֵאָה עֶשְׂרִים וּשְׁמֹנֶה (נחמיה ז, כז). (Numb. 23:11-14:) “And Balak said to Balaam, ‘What have you done to me; to curse….’ And Balaam answered and said, ‘Is it not that that which God places into my mouth….’ And Balak said to Balaam, ‘Please go [and] I will take you….’ So he took him to the Field of Zophim [at the top of Pisgah].” He saw that Israel would be breached there, for it was there that Moses died, as stated (in Deut. 3:27), “Go up to the top of Pisgah …, [for you shall not cross over this Jordan].” Is there a breach greater than this? What he saw was through divinations, and he was of the opinion that because of him they would fall there. (Numb. 23:14-16:) “And he built seven altars [and offered a ram and a bull on each altar]. Then he said unto Balak, ‘Stand here [beside your burnt offerings and let me make myself available to the Lord over there]….’ And God appeared to Balaam and he placed a word (davar) in his mouth.” Like a man who places a bit upon the mouth of his animal and twists him to where he wants [it to go]. So was the Holy One, blessed be He, twisting his mouth. When he said to him, “Return to Balak and bless them,” he said, “Why should I go to him to anguish him?” [So] he sought to go to [his own home] and not to Balak. The Holy One, blessed be He, put a bit into his mouth, [and said] (in Numb. 23:16, cont.) “Return to Balak and speak thus.” (Numb 23:17:) “So he [came] unto him, and there he was standing beside his burnt offerings together with the ministers of Moab.” Concerning the first occasion, it is written (in Numb. 23:6), “with all the ministers of Moab.”59Numb. R. 20:20. When they saw that they had derived no benefit at all, they left him; and only a small portion of the ministers of Moab were left with him. (Numb. 23:17:) “Balak said to him, ‘What did the Lord say?’” When he saw that [Balaam] was not in control of himself to say what he wanted, [Balak] sat himself down and mocked him. As soon as he saw that he was mocking him, Balaam said to him, “Get up from there. It is not fitting to sit while the words of the Omnipresent are being spoken.” (Numb. 23:18:) “Rise up Balak and listen; give ear to me, you son of Zippor!” Both of them were [distinguished] sons of [undistinguished] fathers, for they had made themselves greater than their fathers.60On the importance of having a distinguished lineage, see, e.g., Ta‘an 21b. [Hence (in Numb. 24:3),] “An oracle of Balaam son of Beor (literally, his son is Beor)”; (in Numb 23:18) “give ear to me, you son of Zippor (literally, his son is Zippor)!” 61The unusual wording of Numb. 23:18 and 24:3 suggests that Balak and Balaam both had fathers undistinguished enough to be called their sons. (Numb. 23:19:) “God is not a human, that he should speak falsehood.” He is not like flesh and blood. [When a person of] flesh and blood acquires friends and finds others nicer than they, he forsakes the former ones. But [the Holy One, blessed be He,] is not like that. It is not possible [for Him] to be false to the oath of the early ancestors. (Ibid., cont.:) “Has he promised and not fulfilled?” (This phrase can also be read as, “He has promised and not fulfilled.”) When he promises to bring evils upon them, He will cancel them, if they have repented. You find it written (in Exod. 22:19), “Whoever sacrifices to a god shall be devoted to destruction.” When they made the calf, they merited destruction. So I thought to curse and destroy them. But when they repented a little, He suspended [any punishment] and (according to Exod. 32:14) “The Lord repented of the evil which He had planned to do to His people.” And so too in many places. As he said to Jochaniah (in Jer. 22:30), “as none of his seed shall succeed….” But He said to his son’s son (in Hag. 2:22), “And I will overturn the thrones of kingdoms and destroy the might of the kingdoms of the nations,” since it is stated (Hag. 2:23), “’On that day,’ declares the Lord of Hosts, ‘I will take you, O My servant Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel,’ declares the Lord, ‘and make you as a signet.’” And so He suspended what He said to his [grand]father (in Jer. 22:24), “’As I live,’ declares the Lord, ‘if you, O King Coniah, son of Jehoiakim, of Judah, were a signet on My right hand, I would tear you off even from there.’” And so with the men of Anatoth, it is written (in Jer. 11:23), “No remnant shall be left of them, for I will bring disaster on the men of Anathoth.” [But] once they repented, see what is written (in Neh. 7:27), “The men of Anatoth were one hundred and twenty-eight.”