משנה: הָאוֹכֵל בְּיוֹם הַכִּיפּוּרִים כְּכוֹתֶבֶת הַגַּסָּה כָּמוֹהָ וּכְגַרְעִינָתָהּ וְהַשּׁוֹתֶה מְלֹא לוּגְמָיו חַייָב. כָּל־הָאוֹכָלִין מִצְטָרְפִין לְכַכּוֹתֶבֶת וְכָל־הַמַּשְׁקִין מִצְטָרְפִין לִמְלוֹא לוּגְמָיו. אָכַל וְשָׁתָה אֵין מִצְטָרְפִין׃ MISHNAH: He who eats the volume of a big date with its pit or who drinks the volume of a full gulp49Greek λυγμός, ὁ. on the day of Atonement is liable50Since these are biblical prohibitions, if the infraction was intentional it is a deadly sin punishable by extirpation, if in error it requires a purification sacrifice.. All foods combine for the volume of a date, and all drinks combine for the mouthful. What he ate and drank does not combine.
הלכה: אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵה. זֹאת אוֹמֵרֵת (שׁוּ) [שֶׁ]צָרִיךְ לְמַעֵךְ אֶת חֲלָלוֹ. דִּלֹ כֵן נִיתְנֵי. כָּמוֹהָ וּכְגַלְעִינָתָהּ וּמִחֲלָלָהּ. תַּנֵּי רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן אֶלְעָזָר. כַכּוֹתֶבֶת נִמְרִית. HALAKHAH: Rebbi Yose said, this implies that (he) [one]51The scribe wrote שו, which has to be read as שֶׁהוּא “that he”. The corrector, who did not understand the Yerushalmi spelling, replaced it by prefix ש. has to squeeze its empty space52If the pit is loose in the date, the space between pit and flesh of the fruit is not counted in determining the volume which triggers liability. since otherwise one should have stated, “it, its pit, and its empty space.” Rebbi Simeon ben Eleazar stated, a date from Nimrin53In the printed version and one ms. of Tosephta 4:2 he disagrees with the anonymous Tanna there who restricts the dates considered to those growing West of the Jordan, and therefore increases the possible maximum volume of a date (Mishnah Kelim17:7), but in the Yerushalmi version and 2 Tosephta mss. he restricts the dates allowed as standards to just those of Nimrin and therefore reduces the permitted size.
Nimrin is Bet Nimrah(Jos. 13:27) in the plain East of the Jordan..
תַּנֵּי. מְלֹא לוּגְמָיו. מַה וּפְלִיג. מְלוֹא לוּגְמָיו. שֶׁהוּא נִיתַּן לְלוּגְמָא אַחַת. תַּנֵּי מִשֵּׁם בֵּית שַׁמַּי. מְלוֹא לוּגְמָיו כִּרְבִיעִית. רִבִּי חִייָה בַּר אָדָא בְּעָא קוֹמֵי רִבִּי מָנָא. וְלָמָּה לֹא תַנִּינָתָהּ מִקּוּלֵּי בֵית שַׁמַּי וּמֵחוּמְרֵי בֵית הִלֵּל. אָמַר לֵיהּ. מִפְּנֵי לוּגְמוֹ שֶׁלְבֶּן אֲבַטִּיחַ שֶׁהָיָה מַחֲזִיק יוֹתֵר מֵרְבִיעִית. It was stated, “a full gulp.” Does this disagree54In the Mishnah, the expression for solid food is “like (in the volume of) a date”, implying that pieces of food eaten at different times are added together to determine liability. The expression for fluids is “a gulp”, not “like (the volume of) a gulp”, but the statement of the Mishnah that different fluids combine show that “like (the volume of) a gulp” is understood. Is this also the position of the Tanna of the baraita or does he deny that different sips can add to a large gulp?? A full gulp, what is possible as one gulp55The baraita also agrees with the Mishnah.. It was stated in the name of the House of Shammai, a full gulp is equivalent to a quartarius56A quarter of a log, about 133 cm3.. Rebbi Ḥiyya bar Ada asked before Rebbi Mana, why was this not stated as one of the leniencies of the House of Shammai and restrictions of the House of Hillel57A quartarius is the standard size of a cup whose contents normally are consumed in two gulps. Therefore the standard of the House of Shammai seems to be twice that of the House of Hillel.? He told him, because of the gulp of Ben Avatiah58He is mentioned in Mishnah Kelim17:12 as largest Cohen on record.
In contrast to the House of Shammai who determine the volume for the Day of Atonement as a standard measure, the House of Hillel insist that they vary from person to person (Mishnah Kelim 17:11). which contained more than a quartarius.