משנה: הַמִּתְכַּוֵּין לוֹמַר תְּרוּמָה וְאָמַר מַעֲשֵׂר מַעֲשֵׂר וְאָמַר תְּרוּמָה. עוֹלָה וְאָמַר שְׁלָמִים שְׁלָמִים וְאָמַר עוֹלָה. שֶׁאֵינִי נִכְנַס לַבַּיִת זֶה וְאָמַר לַזֶּה. שֶׁאֵינִי נֶהֱנֵה לַזֶּה וְאָמַר לַזֶּה לֹא אָמַר כְּלוּם עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא פִּיו וְלִבּוֹ שָׁוִין. MISHNAH: If somebody intends to say83As dedication after separation of the amount (or animal) given. heave but says tithe, tithe but says heave, fire offering but says well-being offering, well-being offering but says fire offering, that I shall not enter this house84This and the next example are instances of “vows of prohibition”, whereby a person forbids otherwise permitted enjoyments to himself (Num. 30:3). and he says that one, that I shall have no enjoyment from this one and he says from that one, he did not say anything unless his statement and his intention be equal.
הלכה: תַּמָּן תַּנִּינָן בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים הֶקְדֵּשׁ טָעוּת הֶקְדֵּשׁ. וְאָמַר רִבִּי יִרְמְיָה בָּא לוֹמַר חוּלִין אָמַר עוֹלָה קִדְּשָׁהּ. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי בְּמִתְכַּוֵּין לְהֶקְדֵּשׁ אֲנָן קַייָמִין. אֶלָּא שֶׁטָּעָה מַחְמַת דָּבָר אַחֵר. וְהָדָא מַתְנִיתָא מַה הִיא. עַל דַּעְתֵּיהּ דְּרִבִּי יִרְמְיָה בְמַחְלוֹקֶת. עַל דַּעְתֵּיהּ דְּרִבִּי יוֹסֵי דִּבְרֵי הַכֹּל. HALAKHAH: There85Mishnah Nazir 5:1. The entire Halakhah is copied from Nazir, Halakhah 5:1., we have stated: “The House of Shammai say, dedication in error is dedication.” Rebbi Jeremiah said, if he intends to say “profane” and he says “fire sacrifice”, he dedicated it86This is his interpretation of the House of Shammai’s position.. Rebbi Yose said, we consider only if he intended to dedicate but he erred because of something else87The full text of Mishnah Nazir5:1 is: “The House of Shammai say, dedication in error is dedication, but the House of Hillel say, it is no dedication. How is that? If he said, the black bull coming out first from my house shall be dedicated [as sacrifice] and a white one came out, the House of Shammai say, it is dedicated, but the House of Hillel say, it is not dedicated.” R. Yose restricts the opinion of the house of Shammai to the case when he wanted to dedicate some animal for a certain kind of sacrifice and the only error is in the individual selected.. What is the status of this Mishnah88The Mishnah here in Terumot. For R. Jeremiah, it only follows the House of Hillel.? In the opinion of Rebbi Jeremiah it is in dispute, in the opinion of Rebbi Yose it is everybody’s opinion.
תַּנֵּי בִּשְׂפָתַיִם וְלֹא בַּלֵּב יָכוֹל שֶׁאֲנִי מוֹצִיא אֶת הַגּוֹמֵר בַּלֵּב. תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר לְבַטֵּא. וּשְׁמוּאֵל אָמַר הַגּוֹמֵר בְּלִיבּוֹ אֵינוֹ חַייָב עַד שֶיּוֹצִיא בִשְׂפָתָיו. וְהָתַנֵּי כֹּל נְדִיב לֵב זֶה הֵגּוֹמֵר בַּלֵּב. אַתָּה אוֹמֵר זֶה הַגּוֹמֵר בַּלֵּב אוֹ אֵינוֹ אֶלָּא הַמּוֹצִיא בִשְׂפָתָיו. כְּשֶׁהוּא אוֹמֵר מוֹצָא שְׂפָתֶיךָ תִשְׁמוֹר הֲרֵי מוֹצִא בִשְׂפָתָיו אָמוּר. הָא מַה אֲנִי מְקַייֵם כֹּל נְדִיב לֵב זֶה הַגּוֹמֵר בַּלֵּב. מַה דְאָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל לְקָרְבַּן. It was stated89The main tannaїtic source is Sifra Wayyiqra דבורא דחובה פרשה ט. The argument is discussed in Babli Ševu‘ot 26b.: “With his lips but not in his mind.” I could think that I exclude him who decides in his mind, the verse says (Lev. 5:4): “To articulate90The verse reads: “Or a person who might swear to articulate with his lips for bad or good, about all a man might articulate in an oath, when he forgot and then remembered about any of these.” Since articulate is used twice in the same verse it is assumed that the second mention is not identical with the first. Since the first mentions lips, the second cannot speak about the same situation. {Biblical dictionaries tend to define בטא as “speaking hastily” on basis of Prov. 12:18. However, as Rashi points out, the context requires:
(17) “He who breathes trust will tell the truth
but a false witness trickery.
(18) There is one who articulates like sword thrusts
but the tongue of the Sages is healing.”
The chiastic arrangement of the verses shows that they form a unit. Therefore, the rabbinic use of the word as “carefully articulated” is borne out by biblical usage. Cf. also Arabic بطو “to be slow-going.”}”. But Samuel said, he who decides in his mind is not obliged until he pronounces with his lips. But did we not state: “(Ex. 35:5) Everyone who volunteers in his mind91The verse is quoted incorrectly (it must be לבו not לב). The verse speaks of voluntary gifts for the Tabernacle; explicit pledges are never mentioned there.,” that is he who decides in his mind. You say, that is he who decides in his mind, but maybe that is he who pronounces with his lips? When he says (Deut. 23:24): “What comes out from your lips you have to keep92“What comes out from your lips you have to keep as you made a vow of a voluntary gift to the Eternal your God, as you pronounced with your mouth.” A voluntary gift here is a sacrifice; the verse insists that such a vow is valid only if pronounced.,” that speaks about him who pronounces with his lips. Therefore, how can I confirm “every one who volunteers in his mind?” That is he who decides in his mind. What Samuel said refers to a sacrifice.