משנה: אֵין תּוֹרְמִין זֵתִים עַל הַשֶּׁמֶן וְלֹא עֲנָבִים עַל הַיַּיִן וְאִם תָּֽרְמוּ בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים תְּרוּמַת עַצְמָן בָּהֶן. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים אֵין תְּרוּמָתוֹ תְרוּמָה. MISHNAH: One may not give olives as heave for oil nor grapes for wine. If one did, the House of Shammai say they contain their own heave136Heave was given only for olives but not for oil. For the House of Hillel, both olives and oil remain ṭevel., but the House of Hillel say his heave is not heave.
הלכה: תַּמָּן תַּנִּינָן אֵין תּוֹרְמִין מִדָּבָר שֶׁנִּגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתּוֹ עַל דָּבָר שֶׁלֹּא נִגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתּוֹ וָכָא אַתְּ אָמַר הָכֵין. רִבִּי אִילָא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן מִפְּנֵי גֶזֶל הַשֵּׁבֶט. מָהוּ מִפְּנֵי גֶזֶל הַשֵּׁבֶט. אָמַר רִבִּי חֲנַנְיָה מִפְּנֵי הַטּוֹרַח. הַגַּע עַצְמָךְ שֶׁהָֽיְתָה שְׂעוֹרָה שֶׁל אוֹרֶז נַחַת רוּחַ הוּא לְאָדָם לִהְיוֹת כּוֹתֵשׁ כָּל־שֶׁהוּא. הַגַּע עַצְמָךְ שֶׁהָֽיְתָה שִׁבֳּלִים. עַד כָּאן קַשֵׁי. רִבִּי חֲנִינָא רִבִּי מָנָא לֹא אָמַר כֵּן אֶלָּא שֶׁהוּא מְבַקֵּשׁ לִתְרוֹם לְפִי שֶׁמֶן וְאֵינוֹ תוֹרֵם אֶלָּא לְפִי זֵתִים. הַגַּע עַצְמָךְ שֶׁתָּרַם לְפִי שֶׁמֶן. כְּדוֹן עֲבַד כֵּן זְמָן חוֹרָן לָא עֲבַד כֵּן. וְלֹא עוֹד אֶלָּא דְחַבְרֵיהּ חָמִי לֵיהּ וְאוֹמֵר זֶה מִתְכַּוֵין לְרַבּוֹת וַאֲנִי אֵינִי מִתְכַּוֵין לְרַבּוֹת. HALAKHAH: There, we stated: “One does not give heave from finished for unfinished,” and here you say so136Heave was given only for olives but not for oil. For the House of Hillel, both olives and oil remain ṭevel.? Rebbi Illa in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: Because of robbing the tribe. What means, because of robbing the tribe? Rebbi Ḥanania said, because of the exertion137The Cohen must himself turn the olives into oil, the grapes into wine, but the verse says that heave is given as (Numbers.18.27">Num. 18:27) “grain from the threshing floor and complete produce from the (oil or wine) press.”. Think about it, if there was a grain of rice138This speaks about grain (mentioned in the verse but not in the Mishnah). One does not give heave from finished produce for unfinished; the rice kernel will not be peeled by threshing the wheat. Hence, even if grain is given as heave after threshing, the Cohen might have some additional work to do. The same argument applies to the next question. Since grain is mentioned, Maimonides (Terumot 5:18) decides that cut grain cannot be given as heave for threshed grain. The parallel in Sifry (Num. 121) mentions only grain and wine.? People willingly will pound something. Think about it, if it were in ears? So far goes our question. Rebbi Ḥanina, Rebbi Mana did not say so but he wanted to give heave proportional to the oil and gave only proportional to olives139The decree of the House of Hillel is not biblical, not based on the verse, but rabbinic. While heave has no fixed percentage in biblical law, there are rabbinic guidelines on how much to give (Mishnah 4:3). Since olive oil is so much more valuable than raw olives, if the grower gives the required volume of oil as volume of olives, he will have given too little.. Think about it, if he gave proportional to the oil? Now he did so, another time he will not do so140We have to explain the reason of the Mishnah to the uneducated; therefore, the explanation is in Aramaic.. In addition, his neighbor will see him and say, this one wants to give a lot but I do not want to give a lot.
חִזְקִיָּה אָמַר לֹא אָֽמְרוּ אֶלָּא זֵתִים עַל הַשֶּׁמֶן וַעֲנָבִים עַל הַיַּיִן הָא שְׁאָר כָּל־הַדְּבָרִים לֹא. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן לֹא שַׁנְייָא הִיא אֶלָּא זֵתִים עַל הַשֶּׁמֶן וַעֲנָבִים עַל הַיַּיִן הָא שְׁאָר כָּל־הַדְּבָרִים. חֲבֵרַייָא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן וַאֲפִילוּ עַל אָתָר. Ḥizqiah said, they mentioned only olives for oil and grapes for wine, hence not for any other produce. Rebbi Joḥanan said, not only olives for oil and grapes for wine but also any other produce142Ḥizqiah cannot mean that only oil and wine are covered by Mishnah 4, everything else by Mishnah 10, since grain was added to the list both by the Yerushalmi and the Sifry. Therefore, one must conclude that here starts the discussion of the condition under which the House of Shammai accepts that at least the fruits themselves have been tithed. According to R. Joḥanan, any produce undergoing a manufacturing process, such as date honey and date beer from dates, is covered by Mishnah 4 for the House of Shammay (explanation of R. J. I. Kanievski).. The colleagues in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: Even immediately143Even if the producer would immediately start converting the olives or grapes into oil and wine and hand the Cohen the finished product, it still is no heave for the House of Hillel (Explanation of R. H. Kanievski)..
רִבִּי חֲנַנְיָה רִבִּי אִימִּי בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן דִּבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמַּאי נַעֲשֶׂה כְאוֹמֵר הֲרֵי זוֹ תְרוּמָה עָלֶיהָ וְעַל שֶׁלְּמַטָּן. רִבִּי חֲנַנְיָה סָבַר מֵימַר בְּמִינוֹ. אָמַר לֵיהּ רִבִּי זְעִירָא לא תְקַבֵּל עָלֶיךָ כֵן. מִכֵּיוָן שֶׁאָמַר הֲרֵי זוֹ נִפְטַר מַה שֶׁבְּיָדוֹ וְהַשְּׁאָר חוּלִין וְחוּלִין פּוֹטְרִין אֶת הַטֵבֵל. אָמַר רִבִּי חֲנַנְיָה בְּרֵיהּ דְּרִבִּי הִלֵּל כְּאַחַת מִכֵּיוָן שֶׁאָמַר הֲרֵי זוֹ נִפְטַר מַה שֶׁבְּיָדוֹ וְנִפְטַר מַה שֶׁלְּמַטָּן. אָמַר רִבִּי חֲנִינָה נִרְאִין הַדְּבָרִים בִּתְרוּמָה גְדוֹלָה שֶׁהִיא צְרִיכָה לִתְרוֹם מִן הַמּוּקָּף. אֲבָל בִּתְרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר צְרִיכָה שֶׁתְּהֵא מְצוּמְצֶמֶת בְּמִידָּה בְמִשְׁקָל וּבְמִנְיָן. Rebbi Ḥananiah, Rebbi Immi in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: The argument of the House of Shammai is that he is like one who says: This shall be heave for itself and what is below it144Since the House of Shammai accept that heave given for olives and oil is heave for the olives, they must accept that if one gives heave for two physically separate batches of olives, it must be valid.. Rebbi Ḥananiah wanted to say, of its own kind145The argument is valid for one kind, for example olives. But if somebody has olives and grapes, he cannot give heave simultaneously for two batches of each.. Rebbi Zeïra said to him, do not accept that. When he said “this shall be146He really has to say: “This shall be heave.” At that moment, the batch from which he took the olives becomes freed from the obligation of heave and the next Mishnah will state that heave may be given only from ṭevel, not from profane produce.”, what is in his hand was freed and the rest becomes profane, may profane free ṭevel? Rebbi Ḥananiah the son of Rebbi Hillel147A fifth generation Galilean Amora, quoted only in the Yerushalmi. said, it is simultaneous. When he said “this shall be”, what is in his hand was freed together with the rest. Rebbi Ḥanina said, that is convincing for the Great Heave where one must give heave from what is earmarked148Mishnah Ḥallah 1:9. Since heave is given by estimate, it must be given from a well-defined lot. But heave of the tithe is exactly ten percent; it may be given anywhere if the volume, weight, or number of the produce to be tithed has been determined beforehand.. But heave of the tithe must be defined by measure, weight, or count.
תַּנִּינָן תַּמָּן אֵין תּוֹרְמִין מִן הַטָּמֵא עַל הַטָּהוֹר. תַּנֵּי בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹסֵי וְאִם תּוֹרֵם מִן הַטָּמֵא עַל הַטָּהוֹר בֵּין בְּשׁוֹגֵג בֵּין בְמֵזִיד מַה שֶׁעָשָׂה עָשׂוּי. מָה אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי הָכָא וּמָה אִין תַּמָּן שֶׁכּוּלּוֹ הֶפְסֵד לַכֹּהֲנִים אַתְּ אָמַר מַה שֶׁעָשָׂה עָשׂוּי הָכָא דְּאֵין כּוּלּוֹ הֶפְסֵד לַכֹּהֲנִים לֹא כָּל־שֶׁכֵּן. אַשְׁכָּח תַּנֵּי בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹסֵי אֵין תּוֹרְמִין זֵתִים עַל הַשֶּׁמֶן וְלֹא עֲנָבִים עַל הַיַּיִן וְאִם תָּֽרַם בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים תְּרוּמַת עַצְמָן בָּהֶן. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים אֵין תְּרוּמָתָן תְרוּמָה. מִחְלְפָה דְּרִבִּי יוֹסֵי. תַּמָּן הוּא אָמַר מַה שֶׁעָשָׂה עָשׂוּי. וָכָא הוּא אָמַר אֵין תְּרוּמָתָן תְרוּמָה. תַּמָּן טוּמְאָה אֵינָהּ מְצוּיָה וְאֵין בְּנֵי אָדָם טוֹעִין לוֹמַר שֶׁתּוֹרְמִין וּמְעַשְּׂרִין מִזֶּה עַל זֶה. אֲבָל זֵתִים עַל הַשֶּׁמֶן וַעֲנָבִים עַל הַיַּיִן מְצוּייִן הֵן. וְאִם אָמַר כֵּן אַף הוּא סָבַר מֵימַר שֶׁמּוּתָּר לִתְרוֹם זֵתִים עַל הַשֶּׁמֶן וַעֲנָבִים עַל הַיַּיִן. There149Mishnah 2:2., we have stated: “One may not give heave from impure for pure produce.” It was stated in the name of Rebbi Yose150Tosephta 3:19.: “If he gave heave from impure for pure produce, what he did is done.” What does Rebbi Yose say here? If there, where all is lost for the Cohanim151Impure heave must be destroyed, except for impure olive oil which may be used as fuel., he says that what he did is done, here, where not all is lost for the Cohanim139The decree of the House of Hillel is not biblical, not based on the verse, but rabbinic. While heave has no fixed percentage in biblical law, there are rabbinic guidelines on how much to give (Mishnah 4:3). Since olive oil is so much more valuable than raw olives, if the grower gives the required volume of oil as volume of olives, he will have given too little., so much more? It was found stated in the name of Rebbi Yose: “One may not give olives as heave for oil or grapes for wine. If one did, the House of Shammai say it contains their own heave, but the House of Hillel say his heave is not heave.” Rebbi Yose contradicts himself. There he says, what he did is done; here he says, his heave is not heave. There, impurity is infrequent152For dry produce, even the produce of the vulgar will not be prepared for impurity. For wine and oil, the product in the hand of the vulgar is impure and the question does not arise; in the hand of the fellow it will be shielded from impurity (cf. Demay, Introduction). and people will not err to say that one may give heave from the impure on the pure produce. But olives for oil and grapes for wine is frequent; if you say so, one will say that one may give heave of olives for oil and grapes for wine.