משנה: בַּיּוֹם הָרִאשׁוֹן קוֹרִין בְּרֵאשִׁית וִיְהִי רָקִיעַ. בַּשֵּׁנִי יְהִי רָקִיעַ יִקָּווּ הַמַּיִם. בַּשְּׁלִישִׁי יִקָּווּ הַמַּיִם יְהִי מְאוֹרוֹת. בָּרְבִיעִי יְהִי מְאוֹרוֹת יִשְׁרְצוּ הַמַּיִם. בַּחֲמִישִׁי יִשְׁרְצוּ הַמַּיִם וְתוֹצֵא הָאָרֶץ. בַּשִּׁשִּׁי וְתוֹצֵא הָאָרֶץ וַיְכוּלּוּ הַשָּׁמַיִם וְהָאָרֶץ וְכָל צָבָאָם. פָּרָשָׁה גְדוֹלָה קוֹרִין אוֹתָה בִּשְׁנַיִם וְהַקְּטַנָּה בְּיָחִיד. בַּשַּׁחֲרִית וּבַמּוּסָף וּבַמִּנְחָה נִכְנָסִין וְקוֹרִין עַל פִּיהֶן כְּקוֹרִין אֶת שְׁמַע. עֶרֶב שַׁבָּת בַּמִּנְחָה לֹא הָיוּ נִכְנָסִין מִפְּנֵי כְבוֹד הַשַּׁבָּת׃ כָּל־ יוֹם שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ הַלֵּל אֵין בּוֹ מַעֲמָד שַׁחֲרִית. קָרְבַּן מוּסָף אֵין בּוֹ נְעִילָה. וְקֻרְבַּן עֵצִים אֵין בּוֹ מִנְחָה דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי עֲקִיבָה. אָמַר לוֹ בֶן עַזַּאי כָּךְ הָיָה רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ שׁוֹנֶה קָרְבַּן מוּסָף אֵין בּוֹ מִנְחָה וְקֻרְבַּן עֵצִים אֵין בּוֹ נְעִילָה. חָזַר רַבִּי עֲקִיבָה לִהְיוֹת שׁוֹנֶה כְדִבְרֵי בֶן עַזַּאי׃ MISHNAH: On Sunday one reads, In the Beginning, there shall be a spread. On Monday, there shall be a spread, the waters shall come together. On Tuesday, the waters shall come together, there shall be lights. On Wednesday, there shall be lights, the water shall swarm. On Thursday, the water shall swarm, the earth shall produce. On Friday, the earth shall produce, the heavens and earth and all their hosts were finished140These are the details of the Torah readings by the bystanders mentioned in Taanit 4:2:1" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Taanit.4.2.1">Mishnah 2. The problem is that the Mishnah in Megillah states that three people have to be called to read the Torah, each one a minimum of three verses, and if one starts a new paragraph one must read at least two verses from it, and at the end of a paragraph one must read at least three verses. Every day one reads two paragraphs in the story of Creation (Genesis.1.1-2.3">Gen.1:1–2:3), but paragraph 1 only has five verses and paragraph 2 three. According to the rules, paragraph 1 should not be split. Similarly, on day 2 paragraph 2 has three verses but paragraph 3 has five, which raise the question how to accommodate second and third readers. The other days are no problem since paragraph 4 has six verses, paragraph 5 four, paragraph 6 eight, and paragraph 9 (Genesis.2.1-3">Gen. 2:1–3) three..
A large paragraph is read by two persons, and a small one by an individual149A paragraph of 5 sentences may be split into 2 readings as explained in Taanit 4:3:2" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Taanit.4.3.2">Halakhah 3. in the morning and for musaf; for afternoon prayers150Since there are bystanders 365 days a year, they also hold their special services on days which require a musaf prayer; in contrast to all other Torah readings one reads both after morning and after musaf prayers; Tosephta 3:4. they were assembling and read by heart as one reads the shema`. Friday afternoon they were not assembling151For extended services. because of the honor of Sabbath.
On any day of hallel162The first day of Passover, Pentecost, the eight days of Tabernacles and the eight days of Ḥanukkah. there is no bystanding for morning prayers163Since these are festive days and the prayers of the bystanders are penitential prayers., on a musaf sacrifice there is no ne`ilah164For the same reason as before; most musaf sacrifices were on festive days and ne`ilah is characteristic of fastdays.; on an offering of wood165Offerings of firewood to the Temple as described in Taanit 4:4:2" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Taanit.4.4.2">Halakhah 6. there is none for the afternoon prayers, the words of Rebbi Aqiba. Ben Azzai said to him, so was Rebbi Joshua stating: on a musaf sacrifice166When except for the Day of Atonement there can be no ne`ilah. there is none for the afternoon prayers; on an offering of wood no ne`ilah167Since the day is a festive day.. Rebbi Aqiba changed to state following Ben Azzai’s words.
הלכה: רַב חוּנָה אָמַר. שְׁלֹשָׁה קְרוּיוֹת שֶׁבַּתּוֹרָה לֹא יִפְחֲתוּ מֵעֲשָׂרָה פְסוּקִים. חִזְקִיָּה אָמַר. כְּנֶגֶד עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדִּיבְּרוֹת. וְהָא תַנִּינָן. בַּיּוֹם הָרִאשׁוֹן בְּרֵאשִׁית וִיְהִי רָקִיעַ. וְהָא לֵית בְּהוֹן אֶלָּא תְמַנְייָא. רִבִּי אִידִי אָמַר. אִיתְפַּלְּגוֹן כֶּהֲנָא וָאַסָּא. חַד אָמַר. חוֹזֵר. וְחוֹרָנָה אָמַר. חוֹתֵךְ. מָאן דְּאָמַר. חוֹזֵר. חוֹזֵר שְׁנֵי פְסוּקִים. מָאן דְּאָמַר. חוֹתֵךְ. וַֽיְהִי־עֶ֥רֶב וַֽיְהִי־בֹ֖קֶר פָּסוּק בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ. וְהָא תַנִּינָן. בַּשֵּׁינִי יְהִי רָקִיעַ יִקָּווּ הַמַּיִם. חַד אָמַר. חוֹזֵר. וְחוֹרָנָה אָמַר. חוֹתֵךְ. מָאן דְּאָמַר. חוֹזֵר. חוֹזֵר שְׁנֵי פְסוּקִין. מָאן דְּאָמַר. חוֹתֵךְ. אֲפִילוּ חוֹתֵךְ לֵית בֵּיהּ. הֵתִיב רִבִּי פִלִּיפָּה בַּר פְּרִיטָה קוֹמֵי רִבִּי זְעוּרָה. וַהֶרֵי פָּרָשַׁת עֲמָלֵק. אָמַר לֵיהּ. שַׁנְייָה הִיא. שֶׁהוּא סִדְרוֹ שֶׁלְיוֹם. הָתִיב רִבִּי לָֽעְזָר בַּר מְרוֹם קוֹמֵי רִבִּי יוֹנָה. וְהָא תַנֵּי. הַמַּפְטִיר בַּנָּבִיא לֹא יִּפְחוֹת מֵעֶשְׂרִים וְאֶחָד פְּסוּקִים. HALAKHAH: 141This Halakhah is repeated in Megillah 4:2:2" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Megillah.4.2.2">Megillah 4:2. Rav Ḥuna said, three people reading in the Torah shall not do less than ten verses142Each one may not read less than three verses but one has to read at least 4. Megillah.21b">Babli Megillah21b.. Ḥizqiah said, corresponding to the Ten Commandments143Megillah.21b">Babli Megillah 21b, as one of two explanations.. But did we not state, “on Sunday, In the Beginning and there shall be a spread”? And these are only eight! Rebbi Idi said, Cahana and Assi disagreed144In Megillah.22a">Babli Megillah 22a, disagreement of Rav and Samuel.. One said, he repeats. But the other said, he splits. He who says that he repeats, he repeats two verses. He who says he splits, he splits it was evening, it was morning, as a separate verse145He splits it off from v. 5 and reads it as separate sentence. In contrast to the Babli which prescribes only one sentence to be repeated, the Yerushalmi has the three readers reading a total of 10 verses as required by Rav Ḥuna.. But did we not state, “on Monday, there shall be a spread and the waters shall come together”? One said, he repeats. But the other said, he splits. He who says that he repeats, he repeats two verses. He who says he splits, he could not split146Since “it was evening, it was morning, the third day” already is a separate verse.. Rebbi Philippos ben Perita objected before Rebbi Ze`ira, is there not the paragraph about Amalek? He said to him, there is a difference since this is the topic of the day147The reading for Purim, for which three readers are called on a weekday, is Ex.17:8–16. The reading is not connected to the text before or after, it cannot be augmented. Since there are 9 verses and the Mishnaic requirement can be satisfied without problems, there is no need to change anything to satisfy the additional Amoraic rule. Megillah 21b:8:1" href="/Tosafot_on_Megillah.21b.8.1">Tosaphot Megillah 21b s.v. אין.. Rebbi Eleazar from Merom asked before Rebbi Jonah; was it not stated, the one who reads the conclusion from Prophets should not do less than 21 verses148Megillah.23a">Babli Megillah 23a. The question would be that since we require that one reader at least read 4 verses, should there not be at least 22 verses? The question needs no answer since there is no reading from Prophets on weekdays; the number 21 refers to the seven people called to read on a Sabbath; cf. Megillah 4:2:2" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Megillah.4.2.2">Megillah 4:2 Note 74.?
תַּנֵּי. אַנְשֵׁי מִשְׁמָר הָיוּ מִתְעַנִּים בְכָל־יוֹם. בַּשֵּׁינִי הָיוּ מִתְעַנִּין עַל מַפְרִשֵׂי יַמִּים. וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֔ים יְהִ֥י רָקִ֖יעַ בְּת֣וֹךְ הַמָּ֑יִם. בַּשְּׁלִישִׁי הָיוּ מִתְעַנִּין עַל יוֹצְאֵי דְרָכִים. וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֗ים יִקָּו֙וּ הַמַּ֝יִם מִתַּ֤חַת הַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙. בָּרְבִיעִי הָיוּ מִתְעַנִּין עַל הַתִּינוֹקוֹת שֶׁלֹּא תַעֲלֶה אַסְכָּרָה לְתוֹךְ פִּיהֶם. וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֗ים יְהִ֤י מְאוֹרוֹת. מְאֹרֹת֙ כָּתוּב. בַּחֲמִישִּׁי הָיוּ מִתְעַנִּין עַל הַמְּעוּבָּרוֹת שְׁלֹּא יַפִּילוּ וְעַל הַמֵּינִיקוֹת שֶׁלֹּא יָמוּתוּ בְנֵיהֶן. וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֔ים יִשְׁרְצ֣וּ הַמַּ֔יִם שֶׁ֖רֶץ נֶ֣פֶשׁ חַיָּ֑ה. תַּנֵּי. לֹא הָיוּ מִתְעַנִּין לֹא בָעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת וְלֹא בְמוֹצָאֵי שַׁבָּת מִפְּנִי כְבוֹד שַׁבָּת. תַּנֵּי. סַנְהֶדְרִין גְּדוֹלָה הָֽיְתָה מִתְעַנָּה עִמָּהֶן. וְסַנְהֶדְרִין יְכוֹלָה לְהִתְעַנּוֹת בְּכָל־יוֹם. מְחַלְּקִין הָיוּ עַצְמָן עַל בָּתֵּי אָבוֹת. וְאֵין מִתְעַנִּין עַל שְׁנֵי דְבָרִים כְּאַחַת. מִן הָדָא. וַנָּקוּמָה וַנְּבַקְשָׁ֥ה מֵֽאֱלֹהֵ֖ינוּ עַל־זֹ֑את. אָמַר רִבִּי תַנְחוּמָה. לֹא מִן הָדָא אֶלָּא מִן הָדָא. וְרַֽחֲמִ֗ין לְמִיבְּעֵי מִן־קֳדָם֙ אֱלָ֣הּ שְׁמַיָּ֔א עַל־רָזָ֖א דְּנָא. רִבִּי חַגַּיי בְשֵׁם רִבִּי זְעוּרָה. שֶׁאִם הָיוּ שְׁנֵי דְבָרִים. כְּגוֹן עֲצִירַת גְּשָׁמִים וְגוֹבַיי. מַתְרִיעִין עֲלֵיהֶן. רִבִּי חַגַּיי כַד דַּהֲוָה נְפַק לְתַעֲנִיתָא הֲוָה אֲמַר קוֹמֵיהוֹן. אָחֵינָן. אַף עַל גַּב דְּאִית בְּלִיבִּינָן עֲקִין סַגִּין אֶלָּא לָהֵן דַּאֲתִינָן. It was stated152Taanit.27b">Babli 27b.: The people of the watch153Meaning the bystanders who do not work in this week. are fasting every day. On Monday they were fasting for travellers at sea; God commanded, there shall be a spread in midst of the water154Genesis.1.6">Gen. 1:6.. On Tuesday they are fasting for road travellers; God commanded, the waters under the sky shall congregate155Genesis.1.9">Gen. 1:9.. On Wednesday they are fasting for children that diphteria should not develop in their mouths; God commanded, there shall be lights156Genesis.1.14">Gen. 1:14.. “Curses” is written157Reading מְאֹרוֹת as מְאֵרוֹת.. On Thursday they are fasting that pregnant women should not miscarry and that the children of nursing women should not die; God commanded, let the waters teem with living creepers158Genesis.1.20">Gen. 1:20.. They fasted neither on Friday nor on Sunday in order to honor the Sabbath. It was stated: The Great Synhedrion was fasting with them. Can the Synhedrion fast every day? They split themselves into clans. “One does not fast for two reasons simultaneously159Taanit.8b">Babli 8b., from the following: we rose and asked of our God for this160Ezra.8.23">Ezra 8:23, misquoted. The same misquote is in the Munich ms. of the Babli (Diqduqe Soferim Ta`anit p. 38, Note ס). Therefore the misquote is a Midrash, not a scribal error. Editors of the printed Babli corrected the quote..” Rebbi Tanḥuma said, not because of this but because of the following, to ask for mercy from the God of Heaven for this secret161Daniel.2.18">Dan. 2:18.. For if there were two reasons, such as a drought and locusts, one blows the shofar about them. When Rebbi Ḥaggai went for a fast, he said before them: Our brothers, even though in our hearts are many worries, this is for what we came.
מַתְנִיתָא דְרִבִּי מֵאִיר. דְּרִבִּי מֵאִֵיר אָמַר. מִתְפַּלְּלְין וְקוֹרִין מִתְפַּלְּלְין וְקוֹרִין. בְּרַם כְּרַבָּנִן. מִתְפַּלְּלְין וְקוֹרִין מִתְפַּלְּלְין וְהוֹלְכִין לָהֶן. הָא מוּסָף יֵשׁ בּוֹ. מַתְנִיתָא דְרִבִּי מֵאִיר. דְּרִבִּי מֵאִֵיר אָמַר. מִתְפַּלְּלְין וְקוֹרִין. אִית תַּנָּייֵ תַנֵּי וּמַחֲלִף. רִבִּי אָחָא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יָסָא כְּמַתְנִיתָן. אָמַר רִבִּי סִימוֹן סוּכְרָא דְקִיסָּא טְרַד. אָמַר רִבִּי מָנָא. מִפְּנֵי סְעוּדוֹת רֹאשׁ חוֹדֶשׁ. אָמַר רִבִּי לָֽעְזָר. עַל שֵׁם כָּל־הַתָּדִיר מֵחֲבֵירוּ קוֹדֵם אֶת חֲבֵירוֹ. The Mishnah is Rebbi Meïr’s, as Rebbi Meïr said, one prays and reads, one prays and reads. But following the Rabbis, one prays and reads, one prays and leaves168On a festive day, the service of the bystanders ends after the Torah reading from Gen. The musaf service is the regular one, disregarding the bystanders.. Therefore on it169A festive day with musaf prayer which falls into the week in which the community observes the rules of bystanders, such as New Year’s Day of Nisan (Mishnah 6). is a musaf. Is the Mishnah Rebbi Meïr’s since Rebbi Meïr said, one prays and reads? There are Tannaim who state it inversely. Rebbi Aḥa in the name of Rebbi Yasa following our Mishnah170Irrespective of the attribution of names one follows the rule of the Mishnah (since, as noted earlier, the rotation of the obligation of bystanders was continued after the destruction of the Temple.). Rebbi Simon said, is the load of firewood such an exertion171Since the bystanders did not work the entire day, even in Temple times there was no reason not to follow the rules both of the New Moon and the bystanders.? Rebbi Mana said, because of the meal of the New Moon. Rebbi Eleazar said, because of “what is more frequent than something else has precedence over the other.172Since the New Moon happens 12 times a year but Temple service of the clan only about twice a year.”
קִרְייָא מְסַייֵעַ לְרִבִּי יוֹחָנָן וַיְהִ֗י מִמָּֽחֳרַ֤ת הַחוֹדֶשׁ הַשֵּׁינִי. אִין תִּימַר. תְּרֵין יַרְחִין הֲווֹן. וְהָא כְתִיב מַדּ֜וּעַ לֹא־בָ֧א בֶן־יִשַׁ֛י גַּם־תְּמ֥וֹל גַּם־הַיּ֖וֹם אֶל־הַלָּֽחֶם׃ אָמַר רִבִּי חִייָא בַּר בָּא. רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן מְפַקֵּד לִכְנִישְׁתָּא דִכוּפְרָא. סַבּוֹן מֵיעוֹל עַד דּוּ אִימָמָא וְאַתּוּן אָֽמְרִין זְמַנּוֹ וְעִיבּוּרוֹ. The verse supports Rebbi Joḥanan: It was in the morning of the second New Month1731S. 20:27.. If you would say, there were two months, is it not written: why did Jesse’s son come neither yesterday not today to the meal174Which shows that even in the early monarchy, New Month was celebrated for two days at places (such as Saul’s Gibea) far from the religious center (at Nob).? Rebbi Ḥiyya bar Abba said, Rebbi Joḥanan commanded those of the Kufra synagogue175A synagogue in Tiberias., make sure that you come home when it is still daytime and you should mention its time and its addition176If the New Moon was not seen on day 30 of the previous month, in the evening prayers one uses the text for New Moons and mentions that the day is New Moon’s Day, and continues the same for a second day the next evening and the following day. (in a different context Roš Haššanah 4, Notes 42–43.).