משנה: סֵדֶר תַּעֲנִיּוֹת הָאֵילוּ הָאָמוּר בִּרְבִיעָה הָרִאשׁוֹנָה. אֲבָל צְמָחִים שֶׁשָּׁנוּ מַתְרִיעִין עֲלֵיהֶן מִיָּד. וְכֵן שֶׁפָּֽסְקוּ גְּשָׁמִים מִגֶּשֶׁם לְגֶשֶׁם אַרְבָּעִים יוֹם מַתְרִיעִין עֲלֵיהֶן מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא מַכַּת בַּצּוֹרֶת׃ MISHNAH: The order of these fast-days was said for the first period of rains. But about abnormal growth one sounds the alarm immediately1While the extended prayers and shofar blowing are instituted if there are no rains in the entire month of Marḥeshwan, even though the need becomes apparent in the second half of the month, a fast-day instituted because of danger to growing crops (such as widespread fungus) is proclaimed on the first Monday after the phenomenon was observed and accompanied by blowing the shofar.. Also if rains stopped for 40 days between rainy periods one raises the alarm about it since it is a sign of drought2Since the crop which started to grow after the first rains will wither and be lost before the second rains..
הלכה: סֵדֶר תַּעֲנִיּוֹת הָאֵילוּ הָאָמוּר כול׳. אֵי זֶהוּ מִיָּד שֶׁלְּהֶן. רַב אָמַר. שֵׁינִי וַחֲמִישִּׁי וְשֵׁינִי. שָׁנוּ בַשֵּׁינִי. מָהוּ לְהַתְרִיעַ עֲלֵיהֶן בַּחֲמִישִּׁי. רִבִּי זְעוּרָה שָׁמַע לָהּ מִן הָדָא. וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַי֮ אַל־תִּירָ֣א דָֽנִיֵּאל֒ כִּ֣י ׀ מִן־הַיּ֣וֹם הָרִאשׁ֗וֹן אֲשֶׁ֨ר נָתַתָּה אֶת־לִבְּךָ֛ לְהָבִ֧ין וּלְהִתְעַנּ֛וֹת לִפְנֵ֥י י֨י אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ נִשְׁמְע֣וּ דְבָרֶ֑יךָ. כְּבָר נִשְׁמְעוּ דְבָרֶיךָ. וְכָאן מִכֵּיוָן שְׁנָּֽתְנוּ בֵית דִּין נַפְשָׁן לַעֲשׂוֹת כְּמִי שֶׁעָשׂוּ. HALAKHAH: “The order of these fast-days was said,” etc. What is their “immediately”? Rav said, Monday3The first Monday after the need became evident. Taanit.19b">Babli 19b., Thursday, and Monday. If it became abnormal on Monday, what about sounding the alarm on Thursday4But Taanit 2:13:3-14:1" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Taanit.2.13.3-14.1">Mishnah 2:15 forbids to start a series of fast-days on Thursdays.? Rebbi Ze`ira understood it from the following5Daniel.10.12">Dan. 10:12.: He said to me, do not fear, Daniel, since from the first day when you intended to fast before the Eternal, your God, your words were heard. Already your words were heard. And here, since the Court were determined to do it is as if they did6The fast-day is proclaimed immediately but executed only the next Monday..
תַּנֵּי. כְּשֵׁם שֶׁמַּתְרִיעִין עֲלֵיהֶן בִּשְׁאַר יְמֵי שְׁבוּעַ כָּךְ מַתְרִיעִין עֲלֵיהֶן בַּשְּׁבִיעִית מִפְּנֵי פַרְנָסַת אֲחֵרִים. מָהוּ מִפְּנֵי פַרְנָסַת אֲחֵרִים. חֲבֵרַייָא אָֽמְרֵי. מִפְּנֵי פַרְנָסַת גּוֹיִם. רִבִּי זְעוּרָא אָמַר מִפְּנֵי פַרְנָסַת חָשׁוּדִים. אַתְייָא דְּרִבִּי זְעוּרָה כְרִבִּי. וְדַחֲבֵרַייָא כְרִבִּי פִינְחָס בֶּן יָאִיר. דְּרִבִּי זְעוּרָה כְרִבִּי. חַד סָפָר הֲוָה חָשִׁיד עַל פֵּירוֹת שְׁמִיטְתָא. אַייְתוּנֵיהּ גַּבֵּי רִבִּי אֲמַר לוֹן. וּמַה יַעֲבִיד עָלִיבָא וּבְגִין חַייָו הוּא עֲבַד. וְדַחֲבֵרַייָא כְרִבִּי פִינְחָס בֶּן יָאִיר. רִבִּי בְעָא מִישְׁרֵי שְׁמִיטְתָא. סְלַק רִבִּי פִינְחָס בֶּן יָאִיר לְגַבֵּיהּ. אֲמַר לֵיהּ. מָה עִיבּוּרַיָּא עֲבִידִין. אֲמַר לֵיהּ. עוּלְשִׁין יָפוֹת. וּמָה עִיבּוּרַייָא עֲבִידִין. אֲמַר לֵיהּ. עוּלְשִׁין יָפוֹת. יָדַע רִבִּי דְּלֵית הוּא מְסַכְּמָא עִימֵּיהּ. אֲמַר לֵיהּ. מִישְׁגַּח רִבִּי מֵיכוּל עִימָּן פֶּטֶל צִיבְחַד יוֹמָא דֵין. אֲמַר לֵיהּ. אִין. מִי נְחִית חָמָא מוּלְווָתָא דְּרִבִּי קַייָמִן. אֲמַר. כָּל־אִילֵּין יְהוּדָאיֵי זַיינִין. אֶיפְשַׁר דְּלָא חֲמִי סְבַר אַפּוֹיי. מִן כְּדוֹן [שְׁמָעוּן קָלֵיהּ.] אָֽזְלוּן וְאָֽמְרוּן לְרִבִּי. שְׁלַח רִבִּי בָעֵי מְפַייְסָתֵיהּ. מָטוּן בֵּיהּ גַּבֵּי קַרְתֵּיהּ. אֲמַר. בְּנֵי קַרְתִּי קוֹרְבִין לִי. נַחְתּוֹן בְּנֵי קַרְתֵּיהּ וְאָֽקְפוֹן עֲלוֹי. אָֽמְרוּן לוֹן. רִבִּי דוּ בָעֵי מְפַייְסָתֵיהּ. שָֽׁבְקוּנֵיהּ וְאָֽזְלוֹן לוֹן. אֲמַר. בְּנֵי דִילִי קוֹרְבִין לִי. נַחְתָּת אֵישְׁתָּא מִן שְׁמַייָא וְאַקְפָת עֲלוֹי. חָֽזְרוֹן וְאָֽמְרוּן לְרִבִּי. אֲמַר. הוֹאִיל וְלָא זָכִינָן מִישְׂבַּע מִינֵיהּ בְּעָֽלְמָא הָדֵין. נִיזְכֵּי וְנִשְׂבַּע מִינֵיהּ לְעָֽלְמָא דְּאָתִי. It was stated7Tosephta 2:8; Taanit.19b">Babli 19b.: “Just as one sounds the alarm during the other years of a Sabbatical period, so one sounds the alarm during the Sabbatical because of the livelihood of others.” What means “because of the livelihood of others”? The colleagues said, because of the livelihood of Gentiles. Rebbi Ze`ira said, because of the livelihood of the suspect ones8People suspected of dealing in Sabbatical produce. While the poor and everybody else are permitted to collect spontaneously growing produce on any field in the Holy Land, nobody is permitted to use any of these as an object of trade.. That of Rebbi Ze`ira follows Rebbi, that of the colleagues follows Rebbi Phineas ben Yair. That of Rebbi Ze`ira follows Rebbi: A teacher9Possibly one may read סַפָּר “barber”. But it is difficult to see why a barber should be disciplined by Rebbi. was suspected in matters of Sabbatical produce. They brought him before Rebbi who said to them, what should this wretch do, he does it for his livelihood. But that of the colleagues follows Rebbi Phineas ben Yair. 10From here on the text also is in Demay 1:3 (Notes 145–149,ד). Rebbi wanted to permit the Sabbatical year11Since in the absence of a Temple and the distribution of land as ordered in the Torah the Sabbatical year is observed as a rabbinic ordinance, Rebbi wanted to permit cultivation of the land to help pay real estate taxes which were imposed irrespective of yield. A generation later R, Yannay did just this.. Rebbi Phineas ben Yair went to him. He said to him: how is the grain doing? He answered him: endives12They are irrelevant for taxes or a payment in kind (annona) to the Roman army. are doing fine. He said to him: how is the grain doing? He answered him: endives are doing fine. From this, Rebbi understood that he did not agree with him. He said to him: Would the Rabbi care to eat a bite with me today? He said to him, yes. When he came, he saw the she-mules13Latin mulus. In Yoma 8:5:3-8" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Yoma.8.5.3-8">Yoma 8:5 it is stated that the kick of a white mule is life threatening; white mules should not be kept by Jews. of Rebbi standing. He said, are all these fed by Jews? He will not see me again! They went and told this to Rebbi. Rebbi sent and wanted to pacify him. They found him in his city. He said, the people of my city should come close to me. The people of his city came and surrounded him. They said to them, Rebbi wants to make peace with him. They left him and went away. He said, my sons should come close to me. Fire descended from Heaven and surrounded him. They returned and told Rebbi. He said, since we did not have merit to eat our fill from him in this world, may we be worthy to eat our fill from him in the World to Come.