משנה: עַל הַשְּׁלִישִׁית הוּא אוֹמֵר מִי שֶׁעָנָה אֶת יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בַּגִּלְגָּל הוּא יַעֲנֶה אֶתְכֶם וְיִשְׁמַע בְּקוֹל צַעֲקַתְכֶם הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה. בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה ה׳ שׁוֹמֵעַ תְּרוּעָה. MISHNAH: On the third he says147The second additional benediction, with doxology appropriate for a recitation of Zikhronot.: “He Who answered Joshua at Gilgal He may answer you and hear your vociferation today. Praise to You, Eternal, Who hears the sound of the horn.
הלכה: רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ בְּשֵׁם רִבִּי יַנִַּאי. שֵׁיתֵּף הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא שְׁמוֹ הַגָּדוֹל בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל. לַמֶּלֶךְ שֶׁהָיָה לוֹ מַפְתֵּחַ שֶׁלְפַּלְמֶנֵטָרִין קְטַנָּה. אָמַר הַמֶּלֶךְ. אִם אֲנִי מְנִיחָהּ כְּמוֹת שֶׁהִיא אֲבִידָה הִיא. אֶלָּא הַרֵינִי עוֹשֶׂה לָהּ שַׁלְשֶׁלֶת. שֶׁאִם אָֽבְדָה. הַשַּׁלְשֶׁלֶת תְּהֵא מוֹכַחַת עָלֶיהָ. כָּךְ אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא. אִם מְנִיחַ אֲנִי אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל כְּמוֹת שֶׁהֵם נִבְלָעִין הֵן בֵּין הָאוּמּוֹת. אֶלָּא הֲרֵי אֲנִי מְשַׁתֵּף שְׁמִי הַגָּדוֹל בָהֶם וְהֵן חַיִּים. מַה טַעַם. וְיִשְׁמְע֣וּ הַֽכְּנַֽעֲנִ֗י וְכֹל֙ יוֹשְׁבֵ֣י הָאָ֔רֶץ וְנָסַ֣בּוּ עָלֵ֔ינוּ וְהִכְרִ֥יתוּ אֶת־שְׁמֵינוּ מִן־הָאָ֑רֶץ וּמַֽה־תַּֽעֲשֵׂה֭ לְשִׁמְךָ֥ הַגָּדֽוֹל׃ שֶׁהוּא מְשׁוּתָּף בָּנוּ. [מִיַּד] וַיֹּ֧אמֶר יי אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ קוּם לָ֑ךְ. קֻם לָךְ הַהוּא דַאַדְכַּרְתְּ. HALAKHAH: Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish in the name of Rebbi Yannai: The Holy One, praise to Him, associated His great Name with Israel. {A parable} of a king who had the small key of a jewelry box152Explained as Greek διπλωματάριον.. The king said, if I leave it as it is, it is apt to be lost. Therefore I shall put in on a chain. Then if it were lost the key would prove where it is. So the Holy One, praise to Him, said, if I leave Israel as they are, they would be absorbed by the nations. Therefore I shall associate My great Name with them and they will survive. What is the reason? The Canaanites and all inhabitants of the Land will hear, and encircle us, and eradicate our Name from the Land; then what would You do for Your great Name153Joshua.7.9">Jos. 7:9.?[Immediately]154Corrector’s addition, to be deleted., the Eternal said to Joshua, get up155Joshua.7.10">Jos. 7:10.. Rise for what You mentioned.
רִבִּי יַנַּאי זְעִירָא בְשֶׁם אַבְהָתֵיהּ. כָּל־מִי שֶׁאֵינוֹ כָשֵׁר כִּיהוֹשֻׁעַ שֶׁאִם יִפּוֹל עַל פָּנָיו וְיֹאמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא קוּם לָ֑ךְ. אַל יִפּוֹל. [וּ]בִלְבַד יָחִיד עַל הַצִּיבּוּר. The younger Rebbi Yannai in the name of his ancestors: Anybody who is not qualified like Joshua that in case he falls on his face the Eternal, praise to Him, will tell him, “get up”, should not fall down. This applies to a single person {praying for} the community156This paragraph belongs to the rules of prayer. On all days (except those of festive character) after the main Amidah said standing there follows a private penitentiary prayer said first falling down and then sitting up. Since prostration was part of the Temple service, one has to be careful not to imitate the details of Temple prostration. In addition, it is stated here that in contrast to the public Temple service, this prayer has to be private. It is authorized as public ceremony only for a genuine holy man praying for a community in distress. Since it is presumptuous for anybody to declare himself a holy man, the statement has to be read as a general prohibition to make the prostration into a public act. Megillah.22b">Babli Megillah22b (in the name of R. Eleazar)..