משנה: עָֽבְרוּ אֵילּוּ וְלֹא נַעֲנוּ בֵּית דִּין גּוֹזְרִין עוֹד שֶׁבַע שֶׁהֵן שְׁלשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה תַּעֲנִיּוֹת עַל הַצִּבּוּר. וּמַה אֵילּוּ יְתֵרוֹת עַל הָרִאשׁוֹנוֹת שֶׁבָּאֵילּוּ מַתְרִיעִין וְנוֹעֲלִין אֶת הַחֲנוּיוֹת. בַּשֵּׁנִי מַטִּין עִם חֲשֵׁיכָה וּבַחֲמִישִׁי מוּתָּרִין מִפְּנֵי כְבוֹד הַשַּׁבָּת׃ MISHNAH: If these passed without rainfall the Court decrees seven supplementary public fast-days238On successive Mondays and Thursdays. for a total of thirteen. Additional to the prior ones on these one blows horns and locks the stores. On Mondays one relaxes at nightfall239The grocer may open the store to sell food but not display his wares.; on Thursdays they are permitted240The seller of edibles may sell during the entire Thursday to provide food for the Sabbath. because of the honor of the Sabbath.
הלכה: רִבִּי יוּדָן בִּרֵיהּ דְּרִבִּי חָמָא דִּכְפַר תְּחָמִין. כִּבְתוֹךְ אַרְבָּעִים שֶׁעָשָׂה מֹשֶׁה בָהָר. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵה. עַל שֵׁם שֶׁאֵין מַטְרִיחִין עַל הַצִּיבּוּר יוֹתֵר מִדַּאי. אָמַר רִבִּי חִייָה בַּר בָּא. שֶׁאִם הָיוּ שְׁנֵי דְבָרִים כְּגוֹן עֲצִירַת גְּשָׁמִים וְגוֹבַיי מַתְרִיעִין עֲלֵיהֶן. וְלָמָּה בָאִילֵּין תַּרְתֵּין מִילַּייָא. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי בֵּירִבִּי בּוּן. בָּאִילֵּין תַּרְתֵּין מִילַּייָא שִׁיעָרַייָה רַבֵּיי. HALAKHAH: Rebbi Yudan son of Rebbi Ḥama of Kefar Teḥamin, like the forty which Moses spent on the Mountain241On Sabbath one may not fast. This means that Monday and Thursday together represent a week of 6 days; every actual fast day represents three days, and 3x13=39, “like forty”, approximately 40.. Rebbi Yose said, because one does not excessively impose on the community242For him the number 13 is for a practical reason, not the symbolic one given by the aggadic preacher. Taanit.14b">Babli 14b as tannaitic statement, not unopposed.. Rebbi Ḥiyya bar Abba said, for if there were two causes, for example a lack of rain and locusts, one blows for both243If a swarm of locusts should appear in a dry winter, one combines prayers relative to both calamities and never exceeds the number of 13 public fasts even for multiple causes.
If this is an explanation of the previous statement, one has to read “Yasa”, one of R. Ḥiyya’s teachers, instead of “Yose”, R. Ḥiyya’s student’s student’s student.. And why for these two occasions244These are mentioned explicitly to be combined.? Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Abun said, for these two cause prices to increase.
וּבַשֵּׁנִי מַטִּין עִם חֲשֵׁיכָה. פּוֹתֵחַ אֶחָד וְנוֹעֵל אֶחָד. וּבַחֲמִישִׁי מוּתָּרִין מִפְּנֵי כְבוֹד הַשַּׁבָּת. מַה. פּוֹתֵחַ אֶחָד וְנוֹעֵל אֶחָד אוֹ פוֹתֵחַ אֶת שְׁנֵיהֶם. “On Mondays one relaxes at nightfall,” he opens one wing and locks the other245The grocer opens his store but does not turn the shutter into a selling platform.. “On Thursdays they are permitted.” How? He opens one wing and locks the other, or he opens both246The store is open the entire day but whether one turns the shutter into a selling platform and displays one’s wares is not decided and therefore depends on local custom.?