משנה: תְּאֵינִים שֶׁל שְׁבִיעִית אֵין קוֹצִין אוֹתָן בְּמוּקְצֶה אֲבָל קוֹצֶה הוּא בַּחַרְבָּה. וְאֵין דּוֹרְכִין עֲנָבִים בַּגַּת אֲבָל דּוֹרֵךְ הוּא בַּעֲרִיבָה. וְאֵין עוֹשִׂין זֵיתִים בַּבַּד וּבְקוֹטְבִּי אֲבָל כּוֹתֵשׁ וּמַכְנִיס לְבוֹדִידָא. רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר אַף טוֹחֵן הוּא בְּבֵית הַבַּד וּמַכְנִיס לְבוֹדִידָא. MISHNAH: One does not cut Sabbatical figs with the fig-knife but he may cut with a dagger85The reason for the Mishnah, as explained in the Halakhah, is that one may not process the harvest in a professional way.. One does not tread grapes in the wine press but he may tread in a trough. One does not work olives in the oil press and with a roller86Explanation of Arukh and Gaonim. (Arukh has a second explanation: “some say” it means a basket. Maimonides explains as “small oil press”, בודידה as “very small oil press”.) but he pounds them and puts them into a hand press. Rebbi Simeon says, one may grind them in the oil press house and put them into the hand press.
הלכה: כְּתִיב וְאֶת סְפִיחַ קְצִירְךָ לֹא תִקְצוֹר. הָא קְצִירָה כְנֶגֶד הַקּוֹצְרִים לֹא. אָמַר רִבִּי לָא אִם אֵינוֹ עִנְייָן לִסְפִיחֵי אִיסּוּר תְּנֵיהוּ עִנְייָן לִסְפִיחֵי הֵיתֵר. אָמַר רִבִּי מָנָא לְכָךְ נִצְרְכָה בְּשֶׁעָלוּ מֵאֵילֵיהֶן שֶׁמָּא לֹא תֹאמַר הוֹאִיל וְעָלוּ מֵאֵילֵיהֶן יְהוּ מוּתָּרִין לְפוּם כֵּן צָרַךְ מֵימַר אָסוּר. אֶת סְפִיחַ קְצִירְךָ לֹא תִקְצוֹר וְאֶת עִינְּבֵי נְזִירֶיךָ לֹא תִבְצוֹר. מִן הַשָּׁמוּר בָּאָרֶץ אֵין אַתְּ בּוֹצֵר בּוֹצֵר אַתְּ מִן הַמּוּבְקָר. לֹא תִבְצוֹר כְּדֶרֶךְ הַבּוֹצְרִין מִיכָּן אָֽמְרוּ תְּאֵנִים שֶׁל שְׁבִיעִית אֵין קוֹצִין אוֹתָן בְּמוּקְצֶה אֲבָל קוֹצֶה הוּא בַּחַרְבָּה. אֵין דּוֹרְכִין עֲנָבִים בַּגַּת אֲבָל הוּא דּוֹרֵךְ בַּעֲרִיבָה. אֵין עוֹשִׂין זֵתִים בַּבַּד וּבְקוֹטְבִי וְרַבּוֹתֵינוּ הִתִּירוּ לַעֲשׂוֹת בְּקוֹטְבִּי. HALAKHAH: It is written87Sifra Behar Pereq 1(3), in slightly different wording. (Leviticus.25.5">Lev. 25:5) “The aftergrowth of your harvest you should not reap.” That means, not in the way of reapers88As Maimonides explains, since Sabbatical produce is for everybody to eat, the verse cannot mean that one may not reap grain or gather grapes at all. Therefore, it must mean that professional harvesting in all its aspects is forbidden.. Rebbi La said, if it cannot refer to forbidden aftergrowth89Since aftergrowth is forbidden only by rabbinic ordinance, the verse cannot refer to forbidden aftergrowth., take it to refer to permitted aftergrowth. Rebbi Mana said, it is needed for itself when it grew by itself90One should not say that the prohibition of professional harvesting applies only to aftergrowth on a field that was planted for the same crop the previous year. If the plants appear at other places, which really is spontaneous growth, they still fall under the same rule.. You should not say that since it grew by itself it is permitted; therefore it was necessary to say that it is forbidden. “The aftergrowth of your harvest you should not reap and the grapes of your wild growth you should not process into wine.91Not only collecting the grapes but the entire processing of the harvest, ending with the production of wine.” You may not harvest grapes from what is being watched over on the land, but you may gather grapes from what is abandoned. “You should not process into wine,” not in the way of vintners. From here, they said that “one does not cut Sabbatical figs with the fig-knife but he may cut with a dagger. One does not tread grapes in the wine press but he may tread in a trough. One does not work olives in the oil press and with a roller.” Our teachers permitted to use a roller92Since this is used only for small quantities of grapes in the other years of the Sabbatical cycle. The Tosephta (6:27) spells out that “our teachers” are Rabban Gamliel (III, the son of Rebbi) and his academy..
רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן הוֹרֵי לְאִילֵּין דְּרִבִּי יַנַּאי לִטְחוֹן בְּרֵיחַיִם כְּרִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן וְלַעֲשׂוֹת בְּקוֹטְבִּי כְּרַבָּנָן. רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן הוֹרֵי לְאִילֵּין דְּבֵּית רִבִּי יַנַּאי שֶׁלֹּא יְהוּ נוֹטְלִין שְׂכַר בַּדֵּיהֶן יַיִן אֶלָּא מָעוֹת כְּרִבִּי יוּדָה וּכְרִבִּי נְחֶמְיָה הוֹרֵי לוֹן. Rebbi Joḥanan taught those of [the House of] Rebbi Yannai to grind in a mill following Rebbi Simeon, and to work with a roller, following the rabbis. Rebbi Joḥanan taught those of the House of Rebbi Yannai not to take the rent of their oil presses in wine93Most commentators emend “in wine” to “in olive oil” since wine is not made in an oil press. However, the manuscript evidence forbids the emendation. What R. Joḥanan stated was that for processing Sabbatical produce, no Sabbatical produce at all should be accepted as payment; cf. Sheviit 8:4:5" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Sheviit.8.4.5">Note 69. but in money; he taught them following Rebbi Jehudah and Rebbi Neḥemiah.
תַּנֵּי הַחַמָּרִין וְהַכַּתָּפִין וְכָל־הָעוֹשׂוֹת שְׁבִיעִית שְׂכָרָן שְׁבִיעִית. אָמַר רִבִּי זְעִירָא בְפֵירוֹת הֵיתֵר הִיא מַתְנִיתִין. מַהוּ שְׂכָרָן שְׁבִיעִית שֶׁיְּהוּ נוֹטְלִין מִמַּה שֶׁיְּהוּ עוֹשִׂין שְׂכָרָן שְׁבִיעִית. וִיהֵא דְּהוֹרֵי רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן לְאִילֵּין דְּבֵית רִבִּי יַנַּאי שֶׁלֹּא יְהוּ נוֹטְלִין שְׂכַר בַּדֵּיהֶן שֶׁמֶן אֶלָּא מָעוֹת. כְּרִבִּי יוּדָה וּכְרִבִּי נְחֶמְיָה הוֹרֵי לוֹן. רִבִּי הִילָא בִּמְכַתְּפֵי פֵּירוֹת עֲבֵירָה הִיא מַתְנִיתָא. וּמָה הִיא שְׂכָרָן שְׁבִיעִית. כַּיי דְּאָמַר רִבִּי אַבָּהוּ בְּשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן יַיִן נֶסֶךְ קְנָס קְנָסוּהוּ וָכָא קְנָס קְנָסוּהוּ. It was stated94Tosephta 6:26; there camel drivers are mentioned instead of “all those working”. The quote in the Babli (Avodah Zarah 62a) mentions only donkey drivers.: “The wages of donkey drivers, carriers, and all those working with Sabbatical produce are Sabbatical.” Rebbi Zeïra said, this baraita deals with permitted produce. What is the meaning of “the wages are Sabbatical”? That they may take their wages in the form of Sabbatical produce. Then it must be that, when Rebbi Joḥanan taught those of [the House of] Rebbi Yannai not to take the wages of their oil presses in wine but in money, he taught them following Rebbi Jehudah and Rebbi Neḥemiah95The baraita is taken as the position of the rabbis opposing Rebbis Jehudah and Neḥemiah (Sheviit 8:4:5" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Sheviit.8.4.5">Note 69). This position is rejected in the Babli (loc.cit.) since the text does not include “all those working with produce”. It is held that poorly paid workers may be paid in kind following the rules of Mishnah 5 but not highly paid donkey drivers, following Rebbi Abbahu.. Rebbi Hila96He is R. La.: the baraita deals with those who carry forbidden produce97Produce from guarded fields or harvested in a professional way.. What is the meaning of “the wages are Sabbatical”? As Rebbi Abbahu, Rebbi Joḥanan said, they fined him with wine of libations98This refers to Mishnah Avodah Zarah 5:1 which states that the wages of a Jewish worker earned by a contract which specifies work for wine used, or to be used, for idolatrous libations is forbidden for all usufruct. R. Abbahu (Avodah Zarah Halakhah 5:1) notes that no principle of law requires that the wages be forbidden; it is a rabbinic ordinance imposed to avoid situations in which pagan wine might be sold to Jews, and the same situation applies here.; here also, they fined him.