Jerusalem Talmud Sheviit 4:3

משנה: חוֹכְרִים נִירִין מִן הַגּוֹיִם בַּשְּׁבִיעִית אֲבָל לֹא מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל. וּמְחַזְּקִין יְדֵי גּוֹיִם בַּשְּׁבִיעִית. אֲבָל לֹא עַל יְדֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל. וְשׁוֹאֲלִין בִּשְׁלוֹמָן מִפְּנֵי דַרְכֵי שָׁלוֹם. MISHNAH: One rents ploughed fields⁴⁸Fields ploughed after the harvest, to sow them after the end of the Sabbatical year. from Gentiles in the Sabbatical year but not from Jews. One encourages⁴⁹A Gentile working his field in the Sabbatical year may be praised for his work, but not a Jew in the same situation. Gentiles in the Sabbatical year but not Jews. One greets them for communal peace.

הלכה: חוֹכְרִים נִירִין כו׳. רִבִּי חִייָה רִבִּי אִימִּי חַד אָמַר חֲרוֹש בָּהּ טָבוּת וַאֲנָא נְסִיב לָהּ מִינָךְ בָּתָר שְׁמִיטְתָא. וָחָרָנָה אָמַר אַיַּשֵּׁר. מָאן דְּאָמַר חֲרוֹש בָּהּ טָבָאוּת וַאֲנָא נֵסַב לָהּ מִינָךְ בָּתָר שְׁמִיטְתָא. מַהוּ שׁוֹאֲלִין בִשְׁלוֹמָן אַיַּשֵּׁר. מָאן דְּאָמַר אַיַּשֵּׁר מַהוּ שׁוֹאֲלִין בִשְׁלוֹמָן בְשָׁלוֹם יִשְׂרָאֵל שָׁלוֹם עֲלֵיכֶם. HALAKHAH: “One rents ploughed fields,” etc. Rebbi Ḥiyya, Rebbi Ammi⁵⁰This does not refer to the quote from the Mishnah but discusses the meaning of the second sentence, one supports Gentiles. The entire Halakhah is also in Avodah Zarah 4:10 (fol. 44b); the parallel in Gittin.62a">Babli Giṭṭin62a recognizes only the second opinion.. One said: “Plough it well; then I will rent it after the Sabbatical.” The other one said: “May you succed”.⁵¹Short for אישר חילך "may your effort be lucky." For him who says plough it well, then I will rent it after the Sabbatical, what means “one greets them”? “May you succed.” For him who says may you succed, what means “one greets them”? Jewish greeting, “Peace upon you.”

דֵּלֹמָא רִבִּי חִינְנָא בַּר פַּפָּא וְרִבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר נַחְמָן. עָֽבְרוּן עַל חַד מֵחוֹרְשֵׁי שְׁבִיעִיּוֹת. אָמַר לֵיהּ רִבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר נַחְמָן אַיַּשֵּׁר. אָמַר לֵיהּ רִבִּי חִינְנָא בַּר פַּפָּא לֹא כֵן אִילְפָן רִבִּי וְלֹא אָֽמְרוּ הָעוֹבְרִים מִכָּאן שֶׁאָסוּר לוֹמַר לְחוֹרְשֵׁי שְׁבִיעִיּוֹת אַיַּשֵּׁר. אָמַר לֵיהּ לִקְרוֹת אַתָּ יוֹדֵעַ. לִדְרוֹשׁ אֵי אַתָּה יוֹדֵעַ. וְלֹא אָֽמְרוּ הָעוֹבְרִים אֵלּוּ אוּמּוֹת הָעוֹלָם שֶׁהֵן עוֹבְרִין מִן הָעוֹלָם וְלֹא אָֽמְרוּ לְיִשְׂרָאֵל בִּרְכַּת ‏יי֨ עֲלֵיכֶם מַה יִשְׂרָאֵל אוֹמְרִין לָהֶם בֵּרַכְנוּ אֶתְכֶם בְּשֵׁם ‏יי֨. לֹא דַייֵכֶם כָּל־הַבְּרָכוֹת הַבָּאוֹת לָעוֹלָם בִּשְׁבִילֵֵינוּ וְאֵין אַתֵּם אוֹמְרִים לָנוּ בּוֹאוּ וּטְלוּ לָכֶם מִן הַבְּרָכוֹת הַלָּלוּ וְלֹא עוֹד אֶלָּא שֶׁאַתֶּם מְגַלְגְּלִין עָלֵינוּ פִּיסִּים וְזֵימִיּוֹת גּוּלגֻּלִיּוֹת וְאַרְנוֹנִיּוֹת. Explanation: Rebbi Ḥinena bar Pappa⁵³It seems that he is the R. Ḥinena who usually is quoted without patronymic. and Rebbi Samuel bar Naḥman passed by one of the ploughmen⁵⁴A Jew. in the Sabbatical. Rebbi Samuel bar Naḥman said to him, may you succed. Rebbi Ḥinena bar Pappa said to him, did not Rebbi teach us (Psalms.129.8">Ps. 129:8): “The passers-by did not say,” this implies that it is forbidden to say “may you succeed” to one who ploughs in the Sabbatical. He told him, you know how to read but you do not know how to make a homily. “The passers-by did not say,” refers to the nations of the world who pass out of the world⁵⁵In contrast to Israel, these nations have only a limited life span., they did not say to Israel “the blessing of the Eternal is on you.” What does Israel say to them, “we bless you in the Name of the Eternal.” All blessings that come into the world because of us⁵⁶The material blessing given by God because the Jews keep the laws of the Torah. [Cf. H. Guggenheimer, The Scholar’s Haggadah (Northvale 1995), pp. 205–208.] are not enough for you, you do not say, come and take from these blessing for yourselves, but you roll over us pro-rated contributions and fines⁵⁷Greek ζημία, ἥ., head taxes and annonae²²One has to assume that under the Severan dynasty, Jewish farmers did not have to deliver provisions (annona) to the army during the Sabbatical year. R. Yannai can be dated to the early military anarchy in the third Century. In the Sanhedrin.26a">Babli (Sanhedrin 26a) it is stated that R. Yannai proclaimed: Go and sow in the Sabbatical year because of the annona..

הוֹרֵי רִבִּי אִמִּי לִרְדּוֹת עִמּוֹ אָסוּר. Rebbi Ammi taught that one may not take out together with him.