משנה: הַמּוֹצִיא תֶבֶן כִּמְלוֹא פִי פָרָה. עָצָה כִּמְלוֹא פִי גָמָל. עָמִיר כִּמְלוֹא פִי טָלֶה. עֲשָׂבִים כִּמְלוֹא פִי גְדִי. עֲלֵי שׁוּם וַעֲלֵי בְצָלִים לַחִין כַּגְּרוֹגֶרֶת. ייְבֵשִׁים כִּמְלוֹא פִי גְדִי וְאֵינָן מִצְטָֽרְפִין זֶה עִם זֶה מִפְּנֵי שֶׁלֹּא שָׁווּ בְשִׁעוּרֵיהֶן. הַמּוֹצִיא אוֹכְלִין כַּגְּרוֹגֶרֶת מִצְטָֽרְפִין זֶה עִם זֶה מִפְּנֵי שֶׁשָּׁווּ בְשִׁעוּרֵיהֶן חוּץ מִקְּלִיפֵּיהֶן וְגַלְעִינֵיהֶן וְעוּקְצֵיהֶן וְסוּבָּן וּמוּרְסָן. רִבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר חוּץ מִקְּלִיפֵּי עֲדָשִׁים הַמִּתְבַּשְּׁלוֹת עִמָּהֶן: MISHNAH: One who brings out straw filling the mouth of a cow, wood shavings filling the mouth of a camel, grain10Cut grain with stalks and hulls. filling the mouth of a sheep, grasses filling the mouth of a goat. Moist garlic leaves and onion leaves the volume of a dried fig11Palestinian dried figs of which the large ones would only qualify as medium sized in other countries (Kelim 17:7" href="/Mishnah_Kelim.17.7">Mishnah Kelim 17:7)., if dry filling the mouth of a goat; they are not combined since their measures are not identical. One who brings out foodstuffs in the volume of a dried fig; they are combined since their measures are the same except for their shells, and their pits, and their stalks, and their grit, and their bran. Rebbi Jehudah says except for pods of lentils which are cooked with them.
הלכה: ו. רִבִּי יוֹנָה רִבִּי יוֹסֵי גָלִילִיָא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹסֵי בֶּן חֲנִינָה. חָמוּר מַשְׁלִים לַקַּל. אֵין הַקַּל מַשְׁלִים לֶחָמוּר. עֲשָׂבִים מַשְׁלִימִין לַתֶּבֶן. אֵין הַתֶּבֶן מַשְׁלִים לָעֲשָׂבִים. תַּמָּן תַּנִּינָן. הַבֶּגֶד וְהַשַּק. הַשַּק וְהָעוֹר. הָעוֹר וְהַמַּפָּץ. מִצְטָֽרְפִין זֶה עִם זֶה. רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר. מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן רְאוּיִין לִטָּמֵא מוֹשָׁב: רִבִּי יִרְמְיָה בָעֵי. נִיחָא יִצְטָֽרְפוּ לְמוֹשָׁב שֶׁכֵּן שָׁווּ לְמוֹשָׁב בְּטֶפַח. בְּהֶיסֵּק מְנַיִין. אָמַר רִבִּי עֶזְרָא קוֹמֵי רִבִּי מָנָא. שֶׁכֵּן שָׁווּ בְּהֶסֵּק. אָמַר לֵיהּ. אֲנָן בָּעֵיי הוֹצָאָה וְאַתְּ אָמַר הֶיסֵּק. אָמַר רִבִּי לָֽעְזָר בַּר יוֹסֵי קוֹמֵי רִבִּי יוֹסֵי. שֶׁכֵּן שָׁווּ בְּהֶיסֵּק. אָמַר לֵיהּ. נִיתְנֵי. בְּהוֹצָאַת כּוֹס קָטָן. אָמַר רִבִּי חֲנַנְיָה. קוּפְּדָה מַשְׁלִים לְפִיסְתָּה. פִּיסְתָּה לֹא מַשְׁלִמָה לְקוּפְּדָה. עֲשָׂבִים מַשְׁלִימִין לַתֶּבֶן. אֵין הַתֶּבֶן מַשְׁלִים לָעֲשָׂבִים. תַּנֵּי רִבִּי הוֹשַׁעְיָה. הוֹצִּיא תֶבֶן לְפָרָה כִּמְלֹא פִי פָרָה. הוֹצִּיא תֶבֶן לִגְדִי כִּמְלוֹא פִי גְדִי חַייָב. רִבִּי אִילָא אָמַר. רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן בָעֵי. מֵעַתָּה הוֹצִיא אוֹכְלִין לַחוֹלֶה כִּמְלוֹא פִי חוֹלֶה יְהֵא חַייָב. מוֹדֶה רִבִּי הוֹשַׁעְיָה. שֶׁאִם הוֹצִּיא תֶבֶן לְפָרָה כִּמְלוֹא פִי גְדִי שֶׁהוּא פָטוּר. דְּלֹא תִיסְבּוֹר. כְּמַה דְאִית לֵיהּ לְחוּמְרָא אִית לֵיהּ לְקוּלָּא. רִבִּי בּוּן בְּרִבִּי חִייָה בָעֵי. הַגַּע עַצְמָךְ שֶׁאֵין בַּתַּבְשִׁיל כִּגְרוֹגֶרֶת. וְכִּגְרוֹגֶרֶת מְבַטֶּל כִּגְרוֹגֶרֶת. HALAKHAH: Rebbi Jonah, Rebbi Yose the Galilean in the name of Rebbi Yose ben Ḥanina: The more restrictive completes the less restrictive but the less restrictive does not complete the more restrictive460In Mishnah 6, related items have different minimal amounts which trigger liability. Any material which has a smaller threshold is added to one which has a larger one to be counted with it but not vice versa. If a person carries grasses and straw together, the entire load follows the rules of straw since the latter requires the volume of a cow’s mouth whereas the former already is a load by the volume of a goat’s mouth which is smaller. Shabbat.76a">Babli 76a.. Grasses complete straw; straw does not complete grasses. There we have stated461Meilah 4:6" href="/Mishnah_Meilah.4.6">Mishnah Meˋilah 4:6. Mishnah 3 had stated that materials whose minimal sizes for impurity are different do not combine for impurity. Mishnah 6 states an exception, viz., that materials that may be used to make chairs or beds do combine; similarly to what was stated for the rules of the Sabbath combination material follows the rules of the material which requires a larger minimal amount.
Cloth becomes impure in general if it is at least (3 thumb-widths)2 wide, but indirectly if a person who is a source of impurity sits on it (מִדְרָס) only by (3 hand-widths)2. The minimal size of a piece of sack-cloth for impurity is (4 hand-widths)2, for leather it is (5 hand-widths)2, and for bast mats (6 hand-widths)2. According to R. Simeon any of these materials if made specifically as a seat becomes impure in the size of (1 hand-width)2; for him the problem does not arise since he accepts impurity of combined material only for מִדְרָס.: “Cloth and sackcloth, sackcloth and leather, leather and bast matting combine with one another. Rebbi Simeon says, because they are apt to become impure as seats.” Rebbi Jeremiah asked, one understands that they combine for seats since as seats they equally are by a hand-width. From where in היסק462The expression הֶסֶּק is essentially unexplained. At its first occurrence it was inserted by the corrector who wrote this word instead of the scribe’s שוחק “pulverizing”; at the other occurrences it is the scribe’s. Liebermann conjectures that one should read שַׁבָּת “the Sabbath”. This would make sense the first time but not in the following sentences. The related form הַסָּקָה “heating” (in the Yerushalmi, Pesachim 3:4:2-4" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Pesachim.3.4.2-4">Pesaḥim 3:4 הסיקה; as verb later in Shabbat 12:1:1" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Shabbat.12.1.1">Mishnah 12:1 להַסִּיק “to heat”) is derived from Aramaic סוק “to ascend, climb”; it means “to make rise (the flames)” and clearly is inappropriate here. Very tentatively I am proposing to translate הֵסֵק as “load” from Accadic asāqu, ašāqu “to load, distribute” Arabic وسقة “load”.? Rebbi Ezra said before Rebbi Mana, because they are equal in היסק. He told him, we are asking about taking out and you are saying היסק463This seems to be excluded by the Mishnah, which indicates varying loads.? Rebbi Eleazar bar Yose said before Rebbi Yose, because they are equal in היסק. He said to him, should we state, taking out a small cup464The meaning of this sentence is totally obscure.? Rebbi Ḥanania said, meat completes bone pieces, bone pieces does not complete meat465The minimum allowed for bone (Mishnah 8:6) is larger than that for meat. It would be possible to translate פיסתה as “slice of bread” but since both meat and bread are human food their minimum is the volume of a dried fig and therefore they combine.; grasses complete straw, straw does not complete grasses. Rebbi Hoshaia stated: If one took out straw for a cow filling the mouth of a cow, took out straw for a goat filling the mouth of a goat, he is liable466Even though it is questionable whether goats eat straw; Shabbat.76a">Babli 76a (in the name of R. Simeon ben Laqish).. Rebbi Ila said that Rebbi Joḥanan asked, if one took out food for a sick person filling the mouth of a sick person, should he be liable467If the sick person is unable to eat the full volume of a dried fig. The amounts quoted in the Mishnah are fixed quantities.? Rebbi Hoshaia agrees that if he took out straw for a cow filling the mouth of a goat that he is not liable; for you should not think that just as he has it for restriction he also has it for leniency468As the text stands it is a triviality and the reference to leniency is unexplained. The parallel in the Babli states that a cow’s mouthful of straw even if taken for a camel creates liability, a goat’s mouthful does not. But the Babli should not be used to interpret the Yerushalmi in the absence of supporting evidence.. Rebbi Abun bar Ḥiyya asked, think of it if the dish was not the volume of a dried fig. Does the volume of a dried fig cancel the volume of a dried fig469This seems to refer to onion- and garlic leaves, where the volume of a dried fig is much too large when these are used as spices. Since onion and garlic leaves give taste in small quantities, their minimal amounts should be much smaller than indicated in the Mishnah. The Mishnah can refer only to onion or garlic as main dish.?
זְעִיר בַּר חִינְנָא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי חֲנִינָא. הָדָא דָאַתְּ אָמַר. בָּאֲדוּמוֹת. אֲבָל בִּשְׁחוֹרוֹת פּוֹרְשׁוֹת הֵן. Zeˋir bar Ḥinena in the name of Rebbi Ḥanina: This is what you are saying for red ones. But black ones are separated470This refers to R. Jehudah’s statement about lentils cooked in their pods. His statement is acceptable only for fresh lentils, not for dry ones whose pods have become indigestible..