משנה: הַזּוֹרֵק מִן הַיָּם לַיַּבָּשָׁה וּמִן הַיִּבָּשָׁה לַיָּם וּמִן הַיָּם לַסְּפִינָה וּמִן הַסְּפִינָה לַיָּם וּמִן הַסְּפִינָה לַחֲבֶירְתָּהּ פָּטוּר. סְפִינוֹת קְשׁוּרוֹת זוֹ בָזוֹ מְטַלְטְלִין מִזּוֹ לָזוֹ אִם אֵינָן קְשׁוּרוֹת אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמּוּקָּפוֹת אֵין מְטַלְטְלִין מִזּוֹ לָזוֹ: MISHNAH: He who throws from the sea to dry land, or from dry land to the sea, of from the sea to a ship, or from a ship to the sea18Following the rules of karmelit., or from one ship to another19Even though each ship is a separate private domain, the domains are separated by karmelit, not public domain. Therefore even Rebbi Aqiba must agree that no Sabbath violation can occur in this case. is not liable. If ships are tied to one another one carries from one to the other; if they are not tied to one another, even though they be surrounded20By a fence or other ships., one does not carry from one to the other21This prohibition is rabbinic. If the ships are not tied together one has to worry that they might become separated by more than 4 cubits of karmelit sea. Even though carrying in or through karmelit cannot be sanctioned it still is rabbinically forbidden..
הלכה: ה׳. אַבָּא בַּר רַב חוּנָא אָמַר. בִּקְשׁוּרוֹת בְּגָמֵי. רִבִּי יוֹסֵי בֵירִבִּי בּוּן אָמַר. וְהֵן שֶׁעֵירִיבוּ. רִבִּי חִייָה רִבִּי אִימִּי תְּרֵיהוֹן בְּשֵׁם רִבִּי לָֽעְזָר. חַד אָמַר. בְּשֶׁאֵין בֵּינֵיהֶן רוֹחַב אַרְבַּע. וְחוֹרָנָה אָמַר. אֲפִילוּ יֵשׁ בֵּינֵיהֶן רוֹחַב אַרְבַּע. וְלָא יָֽדְעִין מָאן אֲמַר דָא וּמָאן אֲמַר דָא. מִן מַה דְאָמַר רִבִּי יוּסֵה רִבִּי יַעֲקֹב בַּר זַבְדִּי רִבִּי חִייָה בְשֵׁם רִבִּי אֶלְעָזָר. אֲפִילוּ אֵינָן גְבוֹהוֹת עֲשָׂרָה. הֲווֵי דוּ אָמַר. בְּשֶׁאֵין בֵּינֵיהֶן רוֹחַב אַרְבָּעָה. HALAKHAH: 588Here starts discussion of Mishnah 6, starting with the second sentence.. Abba bar Rav Ḥuna said, it they are tied together with bast89Even if the tie-up is of flimsy material. Babli 100b, statement of Rav Huna.. Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Abun said, only if they made an eruv90A symbolic mixing of food from both ships, following the rules of eruv applying if different dwellers share an apartment building or a courtyard common to several single family houses, as explained in Tractate Eruvin. Ships tied together are considered the equivalent of apartments occupied by different people in the same house.. Rebbi Ḥiyya, Rebbi Immi, both in the name of Rebbi Eleazar. One said, if the distance between them is less than four91While the numerals here are in the feminine and represent cubits, they should be read in the masculine and represent hand-breadths.; but the other said, even if the distance between them is four91While the numerals here are in the feminine and represent cubits, they should be read in the masculine and represent hand-breadths.. We did not know who said what. Since Rebbi Yose, Rebbi Jacob bar Zavdi, Rebbi Ḥiyya said in the name of Rebbi Eleazar, even if they are not ten [hand-breadths] high, it is he who said, if the distance between them is less than four [hand-breadths]92Since no space less than four hand-breadths wide can define a separate domain, the two ships form one private domain. If the distance is at least four hand-breadths, they are separated by karmelit..
הֲווֹן בָּעֵיי מֵימַר. מָאן דְּאָמַר. בְּשֶׁאֵין בֵּינֵיהֶן רוֹחַב אַרְבָּעָה אֲפִילוּ אֵינָן גְבוֹהוֹת עֲשָׂרָה. מָאן דְּאָמַר. גְּבוֹהוֹת עֲשָׂרָה אֲפִילוּ יֵשׁ בֵּינֵיהֶן רוֹחַב אַרְבַּע. אָמַר רִבִּי חֲנַנְיָה בְרֵיהּ דְּרִבִּי הִילֵּל. וְהוּא שֶׁיְּהֵא כָל־אֲוֵיר כַּרְמְלִית בְּתוֹךְ עֲשָׂרָה. They wanted to say, he who said, if the distance between them is less than four [hand-breadths], even if they are not ten [hand-breadths] high. He who said, if they are ten [hand-breadths] high, even if the distance between them is four93If the decks of the ships are not ten hand-breadths above the surface of the water, one may move objects from one to the other only if they form a single domain as explained in the preceding Note. If the decks are higher than 10 hand-breadths, any traffic between the ships would be through exempt space since karmelit as derivative of the public domain also extends only up to 10 hand-breadths above the ground.. Rebbi Ḥananiah the son of Rebbi Hillel said, only if the airspace of karmelit be within ten [hand-breadths]94The remainder is exempt space..
סְפִינָה שֶׁבַּיָּם גְּבוֹהָה עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים אֵין מְטַלְטְלִין מִתּוֹכָהּ לַיָּם וְלֹא מִן הַיָּם לְתוֹכָהּ. רִבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר. אִם הָֽיְתָה עֲמוּקָה מִן הַמַּיִם עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים וְאֵינָהּ גְּבוֹהָה מִן הַמַּיִם עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים מְטַלְטְלִין מִתּוֹכָהּ לַיָּם. אֲבָל לֹא מִן הַיָּם לְתוֹכָהּ. רִבִּי אַבָּהוּ אָמַר. רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן בָעֵי. וְלָמָּה מִתּוֹכָהּ לַיָּם מוּתָּר. מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאֵינָהּ גְּבוֹהָה עֲשָׂרָה. אִין כֵּינִי. אֲפִילוּ מִן הַיָּם לְתוֹכָהּ. וְלָמָּה מִן הַיַּם לְתוֹכָהּ אָסוּר. מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא עֲמוּקָה עֲשָׂרָה. אִין כֵּינִי. אֲפִילוּ מִתּוֹכָהּ לַיָּם. אָמַר רִבִּי אָבוּן. וְלָמָּה מִתּוֹכָהּ לַיָּם מוּתָּר. מִפְּנֵי סַכָּנָה. 95Tosephta 10:14 (ed. Liebermann).“From a ship in the sea higher than ten hand-breadths one moves neither from it to the sea nor from the sea into it. Rebbi Jehudah says, if its draught was more than ten hand-breadths but it does not extend higher than ten hand-breadths above the water one moves from it to the sea but not from the sea into it.” Rebbi Abbahu said that Rebbi Joḥanan asked, why from it to the sea? Because it is not ten high. If it is so, even from the sea into it! Why from the sea into it is forbidden? Because it is ten deep. If it is so, even from it to the sea! Rebbi Abun said, why is it permitted from it to the sea? Because of danger96It is true that the rules are inconsistent but pumping water from the wooden ship back into the ocean is necessary to protect the lives of the people on the ship, and cannot be forbidden. Since the sea is karmelit, the prohibitions are rabbinical and therefore it is reasonable to permit all transport from ship to sea..
סֶלַע שֶׁבַּיָּם גָּבוֹהַּ עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים אֵין מְטַלְטְלִין מִתּוֹכָהּ לַיָּם וְלֹא מִן הַיָּם לְתוֹכָהּ. פָּחוּת מִיכֵּן מוּתָּר. מַה בֵין סֶלַע וּמַה בֵין סְפִינָה. סְפִינָה עוֹלָה וְיוֹרֶדֶת. סֶלַע בִּמְקוֹמָהּ הִיא. וְלֹא כַרְמְלִית הִיא. כְּלוּם הוּא מוּתָּר לְטַלְטֵל בְּכַרְמְלִית אֶלָּא בְאָרְבַּע אַמּוֹת. אָמַר רִבִּי אִילָא. עַל רֹאשָׁהּ. סֶלַע שֶׁבַּיָּם גָּבוֹהַּ עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים אֵין מְטַלְטְלִין מִתּוֹכָהּ לַיָּם וְלֹא מִן הַיָּם לְתוֹכָהּ. יוֹתֵר מִיכֵּן נַעֲשִׂית כִּמְחִיצָה שֶׁהוּקְּפָה זְרָעִים שֶׁאֵין מוּתָּר לְטַלְטֵל בָּהּ אֶלָּא בְאַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת. פָּחוּת מִיכֵּן מְטַלְטְלִין מִתּוֹכָהּ לַיָּם וּמִן הַיָּם לְתוֹכָהּ וּמְטַלְטְלִין בָּהּ עַד בֵּית סְאָתַיִם. רִבִּי בּוּן בַּר חִייָה בָעֵי. מֵעַתָּה שְׁתֵּי כַרְמְלִיּוֹת סְמוּכוֹת זוֹ לְזוֹ מְטַלְטְלִין מִזּוֹ לְזוֹ. אָמַר רִבִּי חֲנַנְיָה בְרֵיהּ דְּרִבִּי הִילֵּל. מִכֵּיוָן שֶׁהַיָּם מַקִּיפָהּ מִכָּל־צַד כְּמִי שֶׁכּוּלָּה כַּרְמְלִית אַחַת. From a rock in the sea higher than ten hand-breadths97This becomes a separate domain and transports from it to its surroundings are at least rabbinically forbidden. It is presumed that there be no dwelling (such as a light house) on the rock since a dwelling would make the rock an unrestricted private domain. one transports neither from it to the sea nor from the sea onto it. If it was less than this it is permitted. What is the difference between a rock and a ship? A ship rises and falls98Therefore it may sometimes be higher and sometimes lower than ten hand-breadths.; a rock stays in its place. But is it not karmelit? Is it permitted to move on karmelit only four cubits? Rebbi Ila said, it refers to the beginning: “from a rock in the sea higher than ten hand-breadths one moves neither from it to the sea nor from the sea onto it.99In the opinion of S. Liebermann, one has to add here the statement that on a rock higher than ten hand-breadths above the sea one may carry without restriction only if its surface area does not extend over more than two bet se’ah.
A private domain either is for human dwelling when its size is not limited, or it is a corral for animals which is treated as private domain only up to the area for which two se ’ah of seed grain are needed, standardized as 5’000 square cubits (cf. Kilaim Chapter 1, Note 195), the size of the enclosed area of the Tabernacle.” If it was higher it becomes like a fence made for agriculture where inside one is permitted to transport only four cubits100A field reserved for agricultural use cannot be a private domain. It is asserted here that a barren rock has the same status, but this contradicts all previous and following statements. The sentence should be deleted... If it was lower one transports from it to the sea and from the sea onto it, and one transports up to two bet se’ah101As noted before, this clause must refer to a rock higher than 10 hand-breadths without a human dwelling. Babli Eruvin 67b.. Rebbi Abun bar Ḥiyya asked, two adjacent karmeliot, may one transport from one to the other102Since the sea is karmelit and so is the rock which is less than ten hand-breadths high, does this prove that transporting between two distinct karmelit domains is not rabbinically restricted?? Rebbi Ḥananiah the son of Rebbi Hillel said, since the sea surrounds it from all sides it is considered as a single karmelit103The low rock is part of the sea for the rules of the Sabbath. It seems that this implies that transporting between two distinct karmelit domains is prohibited. While this is not found in the Babli, it is asserted by R. Ḥananel ad 100b, also quoted in Raviah §233 (p. 323, n. 24; cf. the sources quoted there)..
רַב הַמְנוּנָא אָמַר. נֶסֶר שֶׁהוּא חוּץ לַסְּפִינָה וְאֵין בּוֹ רוֹחַב אַרְבַּע מוּתָּר לֵישֵׁב בּוֹ וְלַעֲשׂוֹת צְרָכָיו בַּשַּׁבָּת. אָמַר רִבִּי מָנָא. אִילּוּ אָמַר. תֵּיבָה פְּחוּתָה. יֵאוּת. אָמַר רִבִּי אָבוּן. מָאן דְּבָעֵי מֵיעֲבֲד תַּקָּנָה לְאִילְפָא. מוֹצִיא נֶסֶר חוּץ לִשְׁלֹשָׁה שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ רוֹחַב אַרְבָּעָה וְאַתְּ רוֹאֶה אֶת הַמְחִיצוֹת כְּאִילּוּ עוֹלוֹת. רִבִּי יַעֲקֹב בַּר אָחָא בְשֵׁם רַב הַמְנוּנָא. שֶׁכָּל־שֶׁלֹשָׁה וּשְׁלֹשָׁה שֶׁהֵן סְמוּכִין לִמְחִיצָה כִּמְחִיצָה הֵן. רִבִּי יִצְחָק בֵּירִבִּי אֶלְעָזָר מְפַקֵּד לְרִבִּי הוֹשַׁעְיָה בֵּירִבִּי שַׁמַּי דַהֲוָה פָרִישׂ. מֵיעֲבִיד לֵיהּ סַל פָּחוּת. Rav Hamnuna said, on a board outside the ship which is not four91While the numerals here are in the feminine and represent cubits, they should be read in the masculine and represent hand-breadths. wide one may sit and provide for his needs104Usually this means, to relieve himself. It is assumed that the deck of the ship is at least 10 hand-breadths high, which makes it a private domain. In the parallel of Babli 100b, the question is of drawing water from the river. on the Sabbath. Rebbi Mana said, if he had said an open box it would have been correct105To provide some privacy.. Rebbi Abun said, one who wants to provide for a boat makes outside of three [hand-breadths] a plank which is not four [hand-breadths] wide and one considers it as if partitions rose. 106In the medieval quotes of this passage (Naḥmanides and Rashba ad 100b) this is part of the preceding: “for R. Jacob bar Aḥa said in the name of Rav Hamnuna.” Rebbi Jacob bar Aḥa in the name of Rav Hamnuna: Because any three [hand-breadths] which are close to a partition are as if of the partition107This is a general principle accepted in both Talmudim. For example, a sukkah must have walls. It is completely acceptable that the walls be planks fixed to poles; between the planks and between the highest plank and the roof there may be spaces of up to three hand-breadths width.
R. Abun recommends making an outhouse outside the ship but close enough so that it be counted as part of the private domain defined by the deck.. Rebbi Isaac ben Rebbi Eleazar commanded Rebbi Hoshaia ben Rebbi Shammai, who was a mariner, to make for himself a deficient container108The quote in Sefer Haˋittim p. 53 switches the adjectives פְּתוּתה, פְּחוּתָה between box and container. The reading of the ms. is confirmed by Naḥmanides and Rashba..