משנה: הַמּוֹצִיא אוֹכְלִין וּנְתָנָן עַל הָאַסְקוּפָּה בֵּין שֶׁחָזַר וְהוֹצִיאָם בֵּין שֶׁהוֹצִיאָם אַחֵר פָּטוּר מִפְּנֵי שֶׁלֹּא עָשָׂה מְלַאכְתּוֹ בְּבַת אַחַת. קוּפָּה שֶׁהִיא מְלֵיאָה פֵירוֹת וּנְתוּנָה עַל הָאַסְקוּפָּה הַחִיצוֹנָה אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁרוֹב הַפֵּירוֹת מִבַּחוּץ פָּטוּר עַד שֶׁיּוֹצִיא אֶת כָּל הַקּוּפָּה: MISHNAH: He who takes out foodstuffs and puts them on the threshold3Cf. Shabbat 1:1:8" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Shabbat.1.1.8">Chapter 1, Note 66., whether afterwards either he or another person took it out, is not liable since he did not complete his action in one piece. If a basket full of produce was put on the outer threshold, even if most of the produce is outside one is not liable until one take out the entire basket4Since the threshold is not outside, there is no completed action by depositing the basket on the threshold, cf. Shabbat 1:1:1" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Shabbat.1.1.1">Chapter 1, Note 1. Even if part of the basket is outside, since only the entire basket is moved and not its contents separately, the exact place of the contents is irrelevant, cf. Mishnah 9:7..
הלכה: ב׳. חִזְקִיָּה אָמַר. בְּקוּפָּה שֶׁלְקִישּׁוּאִים וְשֶׁלְדִּילוּעִין הִיא מַתְנִיתָא. שֶׁמִּקְצַת הָאוֹכֶל מִבִּפְנִים וּמִקָצָתוֹ מִבַּחוּץ. אֲבָל בְּקוּפָּה שֶׁהִיא מְלֵיאָה פֵּירוֹת כֵּיוָן שֶֶׁהוֹצִיא מִמֶּנָּה כִגְרוֹגֶרֶת חַייָב. אָֽמְרִין. מִילְּתֵיהּ דְּרִבִּי יוֹחָנָן פְלִיגָא. דְּאָמַר רִבִּי חִייָא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. סָרוּד שֶׁמִּקְצָתוֹ מִבִּפְנִים וּמִקָצָתוֹ מִבַּחוּץ. נָטַל מִיכָּן וְנָתַן לְכָאן פָּטוּר. אִם עֲקָרוֹ. עַד שֶׁיַּעֲקוֹר כּוּלּוֹ כָאַחַת. HALAKHAH: 2. Ḥizqiah said, the Mishnah is about a basket full of green melon and squash, where part of the food is inside and part outside26Discussion of the second part of Mishnah 2. He does not hold that the basket has the same status as its contents but only if all produce in the basket are both inside and outside the private domain is there no liability. Shabbat.92b">Babli 92b.. But a basket full of grain, when he took out in the volume of a dried fig he is liable. They said, Rebbi Joḥanan’s statement disagrees, as Rebbi Ḥiyya said in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: A crocheted cloth27Which was used by bakers. In the Babli, loc. cit., R. Joḥanan is quoted directly that the Mishnah holds even for a basket full of mustard seeds. part of which was inside and part outside, if he took from one side and put it down on the other he is not liable. If he lifted it, only if he lifted it entirely at the same time.
אָמַר רִבִּי מָנָא קוֹמֵי רִבִּי יוֹסֵה. תִּיפְתָּר בְּפָרוּץ. אָמַר לֵיהּ. וְהָא תַנִּינָן. קוּפָּה. אִית לָךְ מֵימַר. קוּפָּה פְרוּצָה. מַיי כְדוֹן. אֵין לָךְ מִיטַּלְטֵל בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים וְנַעֲשֶׂה כַרְמְלִית אֶלָּא אָדָם בִּלְבַד. חִזְקִיָּה אָמַר. הוֹצִיא חֲבִילָה מֵרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד לִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים. עַד שֶׁלֹּא הִנִּיחָהּ בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים הָיָה רֹאשָׁהּ לְמַעֲלָה מֵעֲשָׂרָה. הוֹאִיל וְאֵין כּוּלָּהּ נִיחָה בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים פָּטוּר. אָמַר רִבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר רַב יִצְחָק. הוֹצִיא קוֹרָה מֵרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד לִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים. עַד שֶׁלֹּא הִנִּיחָהּ בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים נִכְנַס רֹאשָׁהּ לִרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד אֲחֶרֶת. הוֹאִיל וְאֵין כּוּלָּהּ נִיחָה בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים פָּטוּר. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. אֶבֶן שֶׁהִיא נְתוּנָה בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים גָּבוֹהַּ עֲשָׂרָה וּרְחָבָה אַרְבָּעָה הַמִּשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ מִתּוֹכָהּ לִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים וּמֵרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים לְתוֹכָהּ חַייָב. שְׁמוּאֵל אָמַר. קוּפָּה שֶׁהִיא מְלֵיאָה פֵירוֹת וּנְתוּנָה בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים גָּבוֹהָה עֲשָׂרָה וּרְחָבָה אַרְבָּעָה הַמִּשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ מִתּוֹכָהּ לִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים אוֹ מֵרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים לְתוֹכָהּ פָּטוּר. מַה פְלִיג. כָּאן כְּשֶׁהָֽפְכָהּ עַל צִדָּהּ. וְכָאן בְּשֶׁלֹּא הָֽפְכָהּ עַל צִידָּהּ. רִבִּי בּוּן בַּר חִייָה בָעֵי. עָקַר אֶבֶן בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים גָּבוֹהָה עֲשָׂרָה וּרְחָבָה אַרְבָּעָה מָה אַתְּ עֲבַד לָהּ. כְּמִּשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ מִתּוֹכָהּ לִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים וּמֵרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים לְתוֹכָהּ וּמֵרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים לִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים אֲחֶרֶת. רַבָּנִן דְּקַיְסָרִין אָֽמְרִין. רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן בָּעֵי. נָתַן חֲמִשָּׁה עַל גַּבֵּי חֲמִשָּׁה מָה אַתְּ עֲבַד לוֹן. כְּמִּשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ מֵרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד לְכַרְמְלִית. מִכַּרְמְלִית לִרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד. מֵרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד לִרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד אֲחֶרֶת. 28Here starts a Genizah fragment edited and commented on by S. Abramson (Kobez al Yad 8(18) 1975, pp. 1–14, A). The text is a continuation of the preceding paragraph. Rebbi Mana said before Rebbi Yose: Explain it if it was broken open29Ḥizqiah’s statement does not contradict the Mishnah if we assume that the container was torn open and it is possible to take produce from the public domain directly from the bottom of the basket without lifting over the rim. The objection is that then the vessel no longer is called “a basket”.. He said to him, but did we not state ‘a basket”; can you say, a basket broken open? What about this? Nothing is moved in the public domain and becomes karmelit except a human30For the notion of karmelit, see Shabbat 1:1:24" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Shabbat.1.1.24">Chapter 1, Note 73. The transport from a public domain to karmelit followed from one from the karmelit to the public domain does not create liability. If the basket could be considered karmelit, Ḥizqiah’s statement would be impossible. But since karmelit is a notion applicable only to real estate not readily accessible or to a human’s hand, Ḥizqiah’s restrictive interpretation of the Mishnah cannot be disproved.. Ḥizqiah31A reads “R. Ḥizqiah”. But since his statement is followed by quotes from early Amoraim, the text of the Leiden ms. is preferable. said, if he took out a bundle from a private to the public domain and before he put it down already its head was higher than ten [hand-breadths], since it does not completely rest in the public domain he is not liable32Cf. Shabbat 1:1:16" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Shabbat.1.1.16">Chapter 1, Note 109. The air space over public domain is “exempt space” from which motion to and from private or public domains is not restricted.. Rebbi Samuel ben Rav Isaac said, if he took out a beam from a private to the public domain and before he put it down already its head was in another private domain33Even though it is a matter of dispute whether carrying from one private domain to another creates liability, it is clear that the beam was not deposited completely in the public domain and, therefore, no complete action was performed. Shabbat 1:1:1" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Shabbat.1.1.1">Chapter 1, Note 1., since it does not completely rest in the public domain he is not liable. Rebbi Joḥanan said, if a stone is in the public domain, ten [hand-breadths] high and four [hand-breadths] wide34The top of the stone becomes a private domain; it is not part of the exempt space over the public domain. Shabbat.99b">Babli 99b,Shabbat.8a">8a., anybody who moves from it to the public domain or from the public domain to it is liable. Samuel said, a basket full of produce put into the public domain, ten [hand-breadths] high and four [hand-breadths] wide, anybody who moves from it to the public domain or from the public domain to it is not liable. Do they disagree? Here, if it was turned on its side35In Samuel’s case, the basket is turned on its side; one may take things out without taking them over the rim of the basket. The fact that one of the sides of the basket is higher than 10 hand-breadths becomes irrelevant in this case., there if it was not turned on its side. Rebbi Abun bar Ḥiyya asked, if one moved a stone in the public domain, ten [hand-breadths] high and four [hand-breadths] wide, how do you treat it? As one who moves from it to the public domain or from the public domain to it, or from the public domain to a different public domain? The rabbis of Caesarea said that Rebbi Joḥanan asked: If one piles five [hand-breadths] on top of five, how do you treat it? As one who moves from a private domain to karmelit, from karmelit to a private domain, from a private domain to another private domain36They carried great and important things; it seems impossible to conclude that anything small as a dried fig should have been carried with the Tabernacle.?