משנה: בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים אֵין שׁוֹרִין דְּיוֹ סַמְמָנִין וְכַרְשִׁינִין אֶלָּא כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּשּׁוֹרוּ מִבְּעוֹד יוֹם. וּבֵית הִלֵּל מַתִּירִין: MISHNAH: The House of Shammai say, one does not soak ink12Blocks of soot or sepia used to make India ink. This and the following rules are based on a fundamental disagreement between the House of Shammai, who hold that a person may not use his vessels for any procedure which he could not do on the Sabbath, and the House of Hillel who allow a person’s machines to work for him as long as he does not risk temptation to interfere with their working on the Sabbath., chemicals, or vetch13For animal feed., unless they will be soaked when it still is daylight; but the House of Hillel permit it.
הלכה: בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים אֵין שׁוֹרִין דְּיוֹ סַמְמָנִין וְכַרְשִׁינִין כול׳. וּמַה טַעַמְּהוֹן דְּבֵית שַׁמַּי. שֵׁ֤שֶׁת יָמִים֙ תַּעֲבוֹד וְעָשִׂ֖יתָ כָּל־מְלַאכְתֶּֽךָ׃ כָּל־מְלַאכְתֶּֽךָ. גּוֹמְרָהּ מִבְּעוֹד יוֹם. וּמַה טַעַמְּהוֹן דְּבֵית הִלֵּל. שֵׁ֤שֶׁת יָמִים֙ תַּֽעֲשֶׂ֣ה מַֽעֲשֶׂ֔יךָ וּבַּיּ֥וֹם. מַה מְקַייְמִין בֵּית הִלֵּל טַעַמוֹן דְּבֵית שַׁמַּי. שֵׁ֤שֶׁת יָמִים֙ תַּעֲבוֹד וְעָשִׂ֖יתָ כָּל־מְלַאכְתֶּֽךָ׃ בְּעוֹבְדֵי בְייָדָן. וּמַה מְקַייְמִין בֵּית שַׁמַּי טַעַמוֹן דְּבֵית הִלֵּל. שֵׁ֤שֶׁת יָמִים֙ תַּֽעֲשֶׂ֣ה מַֽעֲשֶׂ֔יךָ וּבַיּ֥וֹם. כְּהָדָא דְתַנֵּי. פּוֹתְקִין אַמַּת הַמַּיִם לְגִינָּה מֵעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת וְהִיא שׁוֹתָה וְהוֹלֶכֶת בַּשַּׁבָּת. נוֹתְנִין קִילוֹרִית עַל גַּבֵּי הָעַיִן מֵעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת וְהוּא מִתְרַפֵּא וְהוֹלֶכֶת בַּשַּׁבָּת. נוֹתְנִין רְטִייָה עַל גַּבֵּי מַכָּה מֵעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת וְהִיא מִתְרַפֵּא וְהוֹלֶכֶת בַּשַּׁבָּת. נוֹתְנִין מֻגְמָר תַּחַת הַכֵּלִים מֵעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת וְהֵן מִתְעַשְּׁנִין וְהוֹלְכִין בַּשַּׁבָּת. נוֹתְנִין גָּפְרִית תַּחַת הַכֵּלִים מֵעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת וְהֵן מִתְגַּפְּרִין וְהוֹלְכִין בַּשַּׁבָּת. אֵין נוֹתְנִין חִיטִּים לָרֵיחַיִים שֶׁל מַיִם אֶלָּא כְּדֵי שֶׁייִטָּחֵנוּ כָּל־צוֹרְכָן מִבְּעוֹד יוֹם. אָמַר רִבִּי חַגַּיי. מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן מַשְׁמִיעוֹת אֶת הַקּוֹל. אָמַר לֵיהּ רִבִּי יוֹסֵי. יְאוּת רִבִּי סָבַר כְּרִבִּי יְהוּדָה. בְּרַם כְּרַבָּנִין. כְּמַה דְאִינּוּן אָֽמְרִין תַּמָּן מִשֵּׁם לֹא הוּתְחַל בְּכָל־טִיפָּה וְטִיפָּה. כֵּן אִינּוּן אָֽמְרִין הָכָא מִשּׁוּם לֹא הוּתְחַל בְּכָל־חִיטָּה וְחִיטָּה. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי בֵּירִבִּי בּוּן. מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא שֶׁכָח וְתוֹקֵעַ אֶת הַיָּתֵדי. HALAKHAH: Mishnah: “The House of Shammai say, one does not soak ink12Blocks of soot or sepia used to make India ink. This and the following rules are based on a fundamental disagreement between the House of Shammai, who hold that a person may not use his vessels for any procedure which he could not do on the Sabbath, and the House of Hillel who allow a person’s machines to work for him as long as he does not risk temptation to interfere with their working on the Sabbath., chemicals, or vetch,”348Quote from Mishnah 9. etc. What is the reason of the House of Shammai? Six days you shall work and do all your deeds349Exodus.20.9">Ex. 20:9. The argument is quoted in Tosephta 1:21, Mekhilta dR. Simeon ben Yoḥai p. 149.. All your deeds, finish them by daylight. What is the reason of the House of Hillel? Six days you shall work on your works and on [the seventh] day350Exodus.23.12">Ex. 23:12.. How do the House of Hillel explain the reason of the House of Shammai, six days you shall work and do all your deeds? When they work with their hands351While work on the Sabbath is forbidden, letting machines work for you on the Sabbath is permitted.. How do the House of Shammai explain the reason of the House of Hillel, six days you shall work on your works and on [the seventh] day? Following what was stated352Tosephta 1:23, Shabbat.18a">Babli 18a; Mekhilta dR. Simeon ben Yoḥai p. 149. The Tosephta stated rules common to the Houses of Hillel and Shammai even if the reasons for permission or prohibition may be different for the Houses. It is clear from the Tosephta that the House of Shammai forbid soaking ink in water during the Sabbath only because nothing of it is usable when the Sabbath begins, while watering a garden or smoking out lice from a garment is useful even if done only for a short time. The Shabbat.18a">Babli disagrees, 18a (Explanation of S. Liebermann.), “One opens a water canal leading into a garden on Friday evening and it is continuously watered on the Sabbath. One puts ointment353Greek κολλύριον, τό. on an eye on Friday evening and it is continuously healing on the Sabbath. One puts a compress on a wound on Friday evening and it is continuously healing on the Sabbath. One puts burning incense under clothing on Friday evening and it is continuously smoked on the Sabbath. One puts sulfur under clothing on Friday evening and it is continuously sulfured on the Sabbath. One may not give wheat into a water mill on Friday evening unless it will be completely ground as long as it is daylight.” Rebbi Ḥaggai said, because it is making noise354In the Shabbat.18a">Babli 18a this is an argument of the Babylonian Rabba. Since some grain will have been turned into flour, without this argument also the House of Shammai would permit milling flour in a watermill on the Sabbath.. Rebbi Yose said to him, this is fine if one holds with Rebbi Jehudah. But for the rabbis, just as they say because not every single drop was started, so they say here because not every grain kernel was started355This refers to Mishnah 2:4 where R. Jehudah permits feeding a burning light on the Sabbath with oil dripping from a vessel above the fire while the majority forbid it.. Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Abun said, because he is apt to forget and will push the peg356According to him by biblical law milling on the Sabbath in an automatic mill is permitted according to both Houses; the prohibition is purely rabbinic; both Houses agree that it should be forbidden because the miller will hear when the milling is done and move a peg on his mill, which is a Sabbath desecration..
בֵּית שַׁמַּי אָֽמְרוּ לְבֵית הִלֵּל דָּבָר אֶחָד וְלֹא יָֽכְלוּ לְהָשִׁיבָן. בֵּית הִלֵּל אָֽמְרוּ לְבֵית שַׁמַּי דָּבָר אֶחָד וְלֹא יָֽכְלוּ לְהָשִׁיבָן. אָֽמְרוּ לָהֶן בֵּית הִלֵּל לְבֵית שַׁמַּי. אֵין אַתֵּם מוֹדִין לָנוּ שֶׁטּוֹעֲנִין קוֹרַת בֵּית הַבַּד וּבְעִיגּוּלֵי הַגַּת עִם חֲשֵׁיכָה. וְלֹא יָֽכְלוּ לְהָשִׁיבָן. אָמַר רִבִּי זְעִירָא. אִילוּלֵי דְלָא מַעֲלֶה רֵישִׁי בֵינֵי אַרְיְווָתָא הֲוִינָא אֲמַר טַעֲמָא. תַּמָּן כְּבָר נֶעֶקְרָה כָל־טִיפָּה וְטִיפָּה מִמְקוֹמָהּ. הָכָא מָה אִית לָךְ מֵימַר. The House of Shammai put a question to the House of Hillel which they could not answer; the House of Hillel put a question to the House of Shammai which they could not answer. 357Tosephta 1:21.“The House of Hillel said to the House of Shammai, do you not agree with us that one may load the beam of the olive press and the round stone of the wine press18The House of Shammai agrees with the House of Hillel that one may fill oil- or wine-press on Friday afternoon, install the pressure mechanism, and let the fluid ooze out during the Sabbath. The reason is that the forbidden work on the Sabbath would be the crushing of olives or grapes, not the flowing out of oil or grape juice. But this crushing is done immediately when pressure is exerted, on Friday.? They did not find an answer.” Rebbi Zeˋira said, if I would not put my head between the lions I could give a reason. There, each drop already was dislocated358The essential work was done before the Sabbath started, cf. Shabbat 1:5:2" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Shabbat.1.5.2">Note 355.; here what can you say?
בֵּית שַׁמַּי אָֽמְרוּ לְבֵית הִלֵּל דָּבָר אֶחָד וְלֹא יָֽכְלוּ לְהָשִׁיבָן. אָֽמְרוּ בֵּית שַׁמַּי לְבֵית הִלֵּל. אֵין אַתֵּם מוֹדִין לָנוּ שֶׁאֵין צוֹלִין בָּשָׂר בָּצָל וּבֵיצָה אֶלָּא כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּצּוֹלוּ כָּל־צוֹרְכָן מִבְּעוֹד יוֹם. וְלֹא יָֽכְלוּ לְהָשִׁיבָן. אָמַר רִבִּי זְעִירָא. אִילוּלֵא דְלָא מַעֲלֶה רֵישִׁי בֵינֵי אַרְיְווָתָא הֲוִינָא אֲמַר טַעֲמָא. תַּמָּן בָּצָל בָּשָׂר וּבֵיצָה דַּרְכָּן לְהִתְהַפֵּךְ. הָכָא מָה אִית לָךְ מֵימַר. אָמַר רִבִּי יוּדָן. נִצְלוּ כַּאֲכִילַת בֶּן דְּרוֹסַאי. אָֽסְרוּ דָּבָר שֶׁדַּרְכּוֹ לְהִתְהַפֵּךְ עַד כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּצְלֶה כָּל־צוֹרְכוֹ מִבְּעוֹד יוֹם. אָמַר רִבִּי מָנָא. לֹא מִסְתַּבְּרָא דְלָא מוּתָּר. דִּינּוּן יָֽכְלִין לְמֵימַר לוֹן. הֵיאַךְ אַתֶּם מְשִׁיבִין לָנוּ מִדָּבָר שֶׁדַּרְכּוֹ לִצְלוֹת כָּל־צוֹרְכוֹ מִבְּעוֹד יוֹם עַל דָּבָר שֶׁאֵין דַּרְכּוֹ לִהִשָּׁרוֹת כָּל־צוֹרְכוֹ מִבְּעוֹד יוֹם. The House of Shammai put a question to the House of Hillel which they could not answer. 359Tosephta 1:20.“The House of Shammai said to the House of Hillel, do you not agree with us that one does not roast meat, or onions, or an egg, unless they be completely roasted when it is still daylight19Cooking by human intervention on the Sabbath is forbidden. Since roasting is a short process which needs constant attention, it cannot be done on the Sabbath.? They did not find an answer.” Rebbi Zeˋira said, if I would not put my head between the lions I could give a reason. There, onion, meat, or egg, usually are flipped360If one roasts on a hot metal plate one has to continuously flip the meat etc. to avoid it being burned. If one roasts on a spit one has to continuously turn the spit. In both cases, one may not do this by biblical decree.; here, what can you say? Rebbi Yudan said, if they were roasted like Ben Derosai’s food361The technical term for very rare food. Technically cooked food is considered cooked before the Sabbath if it was rare by sundown. But this cannot apply to roasted food for people who do not eat their food very rare.. They forbade something which usually is flipped unless it be completely roasted as long as it is still day. Rebbi Mana said, it is not reasonable that it should be permitted. For they can say to them, how can you respond to us with something which ordinarily is completely roasted when it still is day about something which ordinarily cannot be completely soaked when it still is day362R. Mana argues that even for the House of Shammai very rare cooked food is considered completely cooked for the rules of the Sabbath, the only exception being roasted food which requires constant flipping since otherwise the House of Hillel could argue that the objection of the House of Shammai compares apples and oranges.?