משנה: אֵין צוֹלִין בָּשָׁר בָּצָל וּבֵיצָה אֶלָּא כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּצּוֹלוּ מִבְּעוֹד יוֹם. אֵין נוֹתְנִין אֶת הַפַּת לַתַּנּוּר עִם חֲשֵׁיכָה וְלֹא חֲרָרָה עַל גַּבֵּי גֶחָלִים אֶלָּא כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּקְרְמוּ פָנֶיהָ. רִבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּקְרוֹם הַתַּחְתּוֹן שֶׁלָּהּ: MISHNAH: One does not roast meat, onions, or an egg, unless they be roasted when it still is daylight19Cooking by human intervention on the Sabbath is forbidden. Since roasting is a short process which needs constant attention, it cannot be done on the Sabbath.. One does not put bread dough into the oven when it gets dark nor pita on coals unless they form a crust. Rebbi Eliezer says, unless they form a crust at their bottoms20Once the crust has formed, bread quickly bakes by itself and does not need human help. Since the process of baking pita-bread is very short, there is no danger that the baker would stir the coals. Removing the pita from the walls of the oven where they are baked is classified as an art, not work..
הלכה: אֵין צוֹלִין בָּשָׂר בָּצָל וּבֵיצָה אֶלָּא כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּצּוֹלוּ מִבְּעוֹד יוֹם. רִבִּי בּוּן בַּר כַּהֲנָא בְשֵׁם רַבָּנִן. תַּבְשִׁיל שֶׁנִּתְבַּשֵּׁל כָּל־צוֹרְכוֹ מוּתָּר לִשְׁהוֹתוֹ עַל גַּבֵּי כִירָה שֶׁאֵינָהּ קְטוּמָה. רִבִּי זְעִירָא בָעֵי. בָּשָׂר בָּצָל וּבֵיצָה מִצְטַמֵּק וְרַע לוֹ. וְזֶה מִצְטַמֵּק וְיָפֶה לוֹ וְאַתְּ אָמַר הָכֵין. דִּילְמָא דְלָא אִיתָאֲמָרַת אֶלָּא חַמִּין. אֲתַא רִבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בָעֵי רִבִּי זְעִירָא. חַמִּין שֶׁהוּחְמוּ כָּל־צוֹרְכָן אָסוּר לִשְׁהוֹתָן עַל גַּבֵּי כִירָה שֶׁאֵינָהּ קְטוּמָה. רִבִּי בֵּיבַי בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. תַּבְשִׁיל שׁוֹר שֶׁנִּתְבַּשֵּׁל כַּאֲכִילַת בֶּן דְּרוֹסַאי מוּתָּר לְהַחֲזִירוֹ עַל גַּבֵּי כִירָה קְטוּמָה. וַתְייָא כַיי דָמַר רִבִּי יַעֲקֹב בַּר אָחָא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. הַשּׁוֹפֵת אֶת הַקְּדֵירָה עַל גַּבֵּי גְחָלִים מַתְרִין בּוֹ. לִכְשֶׁיִּתְבַּשֵּׁל כַּאֲכִילַת בֶּן דְּרוֹסַאי אָסוּר. רִבִּי אָחָא רִבִּי תַנְחוּם בַּר חִייָא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בְּרִבִי. חַמִּין שֶׁהוּחְמוּ כָּל־צוֹרְכָן מוּתָּר לְהַחֲזִירָן עַל גַּבֵּי כִירָה שֶׁאֵינָהּ קְטוּמָה. רִבִּי זְעִירָא בָעֵי. לִשְׁהוֹת אָסוּר וּלְהַחֲזִיר מוּתָּר. דִּילְמָא לָא אִיתָאֲמָרַת אֶלָּא עַל פֶּסַח. אֲתַא רִבִּי אָחָא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בְּרִיבִי. פֶּסַח שֶׁנִּצְלֶה כָּל־צוֹרְכוֹ מוּתָּר לְהַחֲזִירוֹ עַל גַּבֵּי כִירָה שֶׁאֵינָהּ קְטוּמָה. HALAKHAH: Mishnah: “One does not roast meat, onions, or an egg, unless they be roasted when it still is daylight,”408Quote from Mishnah 14. etc. Rebbi Bun bar Cahana in the name of the rabbis: A dish which is fully cooked one may leave on a cooking stove which is not covered with ashes409A kirah is a portable clay cooking stove, usually with two burners, which is heated with charcoal. If the coals are covered with ashes, one may leave the pot on the fire on the Sabbath since the heat is diminished and the coals will stop to burn. Babli 37b.. Rebbi Zeˋira asked: Meat, onion, and egg shrink and it is bad for them410It is a rule that all food may remain on the stove if continued cooking will detract from its quality; Babli 36b.. This one is shrinking and it is good for it, and you say so? Maybe this was said only for hot water. Rebbi Samuel came, Rebbi Zeˋira asked: It is forbidden to leave hot water which was fully heated on a cooking stove which is not covered with ashes. Rebbi Bevai in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: A dish of beef which was cooked as Ben Derosai’s food361The technical term for very rare food. Technically cooked food is considered cooked before the Sabbath if it was rare by sundown. But this cannot apply to roasted food for people who do not eat their food very rare. one may return on a cooking stove covered with ashes. This comes like what Rebbi Aḥa said in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: One warns somebody who puts a pot on top of coals. When it will be cooked as Ben Derosai’s food it is forbidden.411And the perpetrator will have desecrated the Sabbath. Rebbi Aḥa, Rebbi Tanḥum bar Ḥiyya in the name of the important Rebbi Simeon: Hot water which was fully heated one may return on a cooking stove which is not covered with ashes412As shown in the sequel, this tradition is impossible and has to be corrected by the last tradent.. Rebbi Zeˋira asked: To leave on is forbidden but to return is permitted? Maybe it was only said for the Passover sacrifice. There Rebbi Aḥa in the name of the important Rebbi Simeon: The Passover sacrifice413If Passover falls on a Sabbath and one is required to roast the meat before the Sabbath and to keep it hot until it is eaten after the seder. Since it is fully roasted there is no cooking; the only problem is that one might be tempted to tend to the coals, which would be a desecration of the Sabbath. But since the Passover is celebrated in a group, one may assume that the members of the group would prevent anybody from stirring the coals. which was fully roasted one may return on a cooking stove which is not covered with ashes.
אֵין נוֹתְנִין אֶת הַפַּת לַתַּנּוּר כול׳. רִבִּי יַעֲקֹב בַּר אָחָא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי אַסִּי. זְרִיזוֹת הֵן הַנָּשִׁים בַּפַּת יוֹתֵר מִן הַתַּבְשִׁיל. מַה בֵין פַּת וּמַה בֵין תַּבְשִׁיל. תַּבְשִׁיל דַּרְכּוֹ לֶאֱכוֹל רוֹתֵחַ. פַּת אֵין דַּרְכּוֹ לוֹכַל רוֹתַחַת. תַּמָּן אָֽמְרִין. פַּת חַמָּה חַמָּתָהּ בְּצִידָּהּ. צִּירְעָה צוֹנִין. עַקְרָב חַמִּין. מָאן דְּמִיחְלַף סַכָּנָה. “One does not put bread dough into the oven.408Quote from Mishnah 14.” Rebbi Jacob bar Aḥa in the name of Rebbi Assi: Women are more careful with bread than with dishes. What is the difference between bread and dish? A dish one usually eats hot, bread one usually does not eat hot414Why must a dish be completely cooked before the Sabbath while bread only has to start forming a crust? Since bread is never eaten hot, there is no danger that one would be tempted to stir the coals because of it.. There, they say, hot bread is accompanied by fever. A wasp, cold; a scorpion, hot. He who switches is in danger415This is a piece of Babylonian medicine. Eating hot bread is unhealthy, the sting of a wasp has to be treated by cooling it (Babli Avodah zarah 28b), the sting of a scorpion by heat..
מוֹדֶה רִבִּי לִעֶזֶר בְּלֶחֶם הַפָּנִים שֶׁאֵינָהּ קְרוּיָיה לֶחֶם עַד שֶׁיִּקְרְמוּ פָנֶיהָ בַתַּנּוּר. Rebbi Eliezer agrees that the shew-bread is not called bread until it develops a crust in the oven416Even though R. Eliezer holds here that bread is baked if it only developed a crust on one side, he agrees that the shew-bread is not acceptable unless it has a crust on all sides..