משנה: נֶאֱמָנִין עַל הַחִטִּים וְאֵינָן נֶאֱמָנִין לֹא עַל הַקֶּמַח וְלֹא עַל הַפַּת. נֶאֱמָנִין עַל הַשְּׂעוֹרָה שֶׁל אוֹרֶז וְאֵינָן נֶאֱמָנִין עָלָיו בֵּין חַי בֵּין מְבוּשָׁל. נֶאֱמָנִין עַל הַפוּל וְאֵינָן נֶאֱמָנִין עַל הַגְּרִיסִין בֵּין חַיִין בֵּין מְבוּשָׁלִין. נֶאֱמָנִין עַל הַשֶּׁמֶן לוֹמַר שֶׁל מַעֲשֵׂר עָנִי וְאֵינָן נֶאֱמָנִין עָלָיו לוֹמַר שֶׁל זֵיתֵי נִיקּוּף הוּא. נֶאֱמָנִין עַל יֶרֶק חַי וְאֵינָן נֶאֱמָנִין עַל הַמְבוּשָּׁל אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן הָיָה לוֹ דָבָר מְמוּעָט שֶׁכֵּן דֶּרֶךְ בַּעַל הַבַּיִת לִהְיוֹת מוֹצִיא מִלָּפַּסּוֹ. MISHNAH: They are trustworthy about wheat but not flour or bread34Since gifts to the poor are only given in unhulled, without supporting evidence one can trust the poor only for the grain itself to exempt it from heave and tithes.. They are trustworthy about panicles of rice35Only if the rice is on the panicles and not hulled. “Raw” in the next clause refers to hulled rice. but not if it is either raw or cooked. They are trustworthy about beans but not bean groats, either raw or cooked. They are trustworthy about oil36Olive oil, which is given after pressing. if they say it is from the tithe of the poor, but not if they say it is made from picked olives37Since oil is made only from olives that are ripe enough to fall off when the tree is shaken..
They are trustworthy in regard to fresh vegetables41That it is from the tithe of the poor since vegetables are not subject to peah and the other gifts connected with peah. but not for cooked ones except if it was a small amount, since it is the way of householders to bring out from their pans.
הלכה: מַהוּ שֶׁיְּהֵא נֶאֱמָן לוֹמַר חִיטִּים נִיתַּן לִי וְעָשִׂיתִי אוֹתָן קֶמַח. חִטִּים נִיתַּן לִי וְעָשִׂיתִי אוֹתָן פַּת. פְּשִיטָא לֵיהּ שֶׁהוּא נֶאֱמָן. הָיוּ הַכֹּל יוֹדְעִין שֶׁרוֹב בְּנֵי אָדָם מַכְנִסוֹ לֶקֶט אֲפִילוּ כֵן אֵינוֹ נֶאֱמָן. תַּנִּי רִבִּי יוּדָן אוֹמֵר מָקוֹם שֶׁנָּהֲגוּ לִהְיוֹת דּוֹרְכִין אֶת הָעוֹלֵלוֹת יְהֵא עָנִי נֶאֱמָן לוֹמַר יַיִן זֶה שֶׁל עוֹלֵלוֹת הוּא. וְדִכְווָתֵיהּ מָקוֹם שֶׁנָּהֲגוּ לִהְיוֹת מוֹסְקִין זֵיתֵי נִיקּוּף יְהֵא הֶעָנִי נֶאֱמָן לוֹמַר שֶׁמֶן זֶה שֶׁל זֵיתֵי נִיקּוּף הוּא. HALAKHAH: Should the poor be trustworthy if they say: It was given me as grain and I turned it into flour, it was given me as grain and I turned it into bread? It is clear to him38The anonymous person who asked the question. Since the testimony is really on the grain, the poor must be trusted. that he is trustworthy. Even if everybody knew that most people store gleanings, he is not trustworthy39If most farmers collect gleanings and later distribute them, the poor cannot be trusted in their statements about grain they did not collect themselves.. It was stated: “Rebbi Jehudah says40Tosephta Peah 4:1. There the wording is: The poor person is trustworthy. The last sentence extends the argument of R. Jehudah to olive oil., at a place where one presses gleanings of grapes, the poor shall be trusted when they say, this wine is from gleanings of grapes.” Similarly, at a place where one presses picked olives, the poor should be trusted when they say, this oil is from picked olives.
אִילֵּין דְּבֵית אַסִּי בִּשְּׁלוּן יֶרֶק אִנְשׁוּן מְתַקְּנֵתֵיהּ סְלַק גַּמְלִיאֵל זוּגָה וְתַקְּנֵיהּ מִן גַּוְא לָפַּסָּא. In the house of Assi they cooked vegetables but had forgotten to put them in order42To give at least the heave and the tithes so that the vegetables could be eaten by non-priests.. Gamliel the twin came and fixed them in the pot43He removed the required amount from the cooked vegetables. This shows that it is possible for the poor to receive their tithe from the pot and one should not object to the formulation of the Mishnah that a testimony about cooked vegetables is irrelevant since tithes certainly were given before the cooking started. We also learn that separating heave and tithes after cooking legitimizes the small amounts absorbed by the walls of the (clay) pot..