משנה: שְׁנֵי עֳמָרִין שִׁכְחָה וּשְׁלֹשָׁה אֵינָן שִׁכְחָה. שְׁנֵי צִיבּוּרֵי זֵיתִים וְהַחֲרוּבִין שִׁכְחָה וּשְׁלֹשָׁה אֵינָן שִׁכְחָה. שְׁנֵי הוּצֲנֵי פִשְׁתָּן שִׁכְחָה וּשְׁלֹשָׁה אֵינָן שִׁכְחָה. שְׁנֵי גַרְגִּרִים פֶּרֶט וּשְׁלֹשָׁה אֵינָן פֶּרֶט. שְׁנֵי שִׁבֳּלִים לֶקֶט וְשָׁלֹשׁ אֵינָן לֶקֶט כְדִבְרֵי בֵית הִלֵּל. וְעַל כּוּלָּם בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִין שְׁלֹשָׁה לָעֲנִייִם וְאַרְבָּעָה לְבַעַל הַבַּיִת. MISHNAH: Two sheaves may qualify as forgotten sheaves, three may not. Two heaps of olives or carob may qualify as “forgotten sheaves”, three may not. Two plants91Definition of Maimonides and R. Simson, cf. Arabic חוּץ “palm leaves.” R. Isaac ben Malchisedek Simponti translates by Italian manelle “sheaves.” of hemp may qualify as “forgotten sheaves”, three may not. Two berries may qualify as dropped berries92Refers to Leviticus.19.10">Lev. 19:10: “The dropped berries in your vineyard you shall not collect; abandon them to the poor and the stranger.”, three may not. Two stalks may be gleanings, three may not, following the House of Hillel. About all of these, the House of Shammai say three are for the poor and four for the proprietor.
הלכה: רִבִּי בּוּן בַּר חִייָא בְּשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן עֲשָׂאָן כְּמִין גַּם. HALAKHAH: Rebbi Abun bar Ḥiyya in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: If he made them like a Gamma (Γ)93The sentence combines the Mishnah and the end of the previous Halakhah: A sheaf is not forgotten unless it became isolated from the others. Then how can two sheaves become forgotten sheaves? If they stood like the ends of a Γ separated by a missing sheaf at the angle..
לֹא אָמַר אֶלָּא צִיבּוּרִין הָא זֵיתִים לֹא. מַה בֵּין הַצִּיבּוּרִין מַה בֵּין הַזֵּתִים. צִיבּוּרִין גְּמַר מְלָאכָה. זֵיתִים אֵינָן גְּמַר מְלָאכָה. He said94The Mishnah speaks of “heaps of olives,” not single olives. only “heaps”, not olives. What is the difference between heaps and olives? Heaps are the end of the harvest95Hence, by Mishnah 5:7, the law of forgotten sheaves applies. Once the olives are put in orderly heaps, the work of the harvest is finished and that of the oil press starts., single olives are not the end of the harvest.
אָמַר רִבִּי הוֹשַׁעְיָא רוֹמֵס הָיִיתִי זֵתִים עִם רִבִּי חִייָא הַגָּדוֹל. אָמַר לִי כָּל־זַיִת שֶׁאַתְּ יָכוֹל לִפְשׁוֹט יָֽדְךָ וְלִיטְלוֹ אֵינוֹ שִׁכְחָה. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן מִכֵּיוָן שֶׁעָבַר עָלָיו וּשְׁכָחוֹ הֲרֵי זוֹ שִׁכְחָה. Rebbi Hoshaia said96For comment, see Chapter 5, Peah 2:1:10" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Peah.2.1.10">Halakhah 2, Note 40., when I was mashing olives with the great Rebbi Ḥiyya, he said to me: Any olive you can reach when stretching out your hand is not forgotten. Rebbi Joḥanan said, if he passed it over and forgot it, it is forgotten.
רִבִּי לָֽעְזָר בְּשֵׁם רִבִּי חִייָא רַבָּה חֲצִי אֶשְׁכּוֹל פֶּרֶט. תַּנִּי רִבִּי חִייָא חֲצִי אֶשְׁכּוֹל אוֹ אֶשְׁכּוֹל שָׁלֵם פֶּרֶט. וְהָתַנִּי שְׁנֵי גַרְגִּרִים פֶּרֶט. רִבִּי אִימִּי בְשֵׁם רִבִּי חִייָא בְּקוֹצֵר וּמֵנִיחַ תַּחַת הַגֶּפֶן. Rebbi Eleazar in the name of the great Rebbi Ḥiyya: Half a bunch of grapes are dropped berries. Rebbi Ḥiyya stated: Half a bunch of grapes or an entire bunch are dropped berries. But did we not state: “Two berries are dropped berries?” Rebbi Immi in the name of Rebbi Ḥiyya: If he cuts and deposits them under the vine97Where the grapes become dusty and cannot be put in the basket to be transported either to the wine press or to market..
הָיוּ עֲשׂוּיִין כְּמִין סִינְפוֹן. מְנַחֵם בְּשֵׁם רִבִי יוֹנָתָן וְהוּא שֶׁיְּהֵא חוֹתְכָן בְּשָׁוֶה. If they are made like a shepherd’s flute98Greek σίφων, -ωνος, ὁ, “pipe, water spout; a musical instrument” (I. Löw), same as Biblical (pl.) סופניה (Daniel.3.10">Dan.3:10); Gesenius and Lysowski explain as bagpipe. A shepherd’s flute made from reeds of different lengths glued together; the question is whether a plant (probably hemp) that grows different stalks of different lengths from one root is counted as one (and is under the law of forgotten sheaves) or as several (and is not).? Menahem99A Galilean Amora of the third generation. His time may be determined from the fact that he quotes R. Ammi and is mentioned as teacher of R. Ḥaggai. in the name of Rebbi Jonathan: Only if he cuts them equally100They may be counted as separate plants if they are cut equally near the ground. But stalks cut together count as one..
אָמַר רִבִּי אָבִין טַעֲמַיְהוּ דְּבֵית שַׁמַּאי לַגֵּר לַיָּתוֹם וְלָאַלְמָנָה יִהְיֶה. טַעֲמַיְהוּ דְּבֵית הִלֵּל לֶעָנִי וְלַגֵּר. אָמַר רִבִּי מָנָא שְׁנֵיהֶן מִקְרָא אֶחָד דָּֽרְשוּ לַגֵּר לַיָּתוֹם וְלָאַלְמָנָה יִהְיֶה. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִין לָעֲנִייִם וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִין לְבַעַל הַבַּיִת. Rebbi Abin said, the reason of the House of Shammai (Deuteronomy.24.19">Deut.24:19,Deuteronomy.24.20">20,Deuteronomy.24.21">21): “It shall belong to the stranger, the orphan, and the widow101Since there are three categories mentioned, each of them should have the possibility to get a separate piece..” The reason of the House of Hillel (Leviticus.19.10">Lev. 19:10): “For the poor and the stranger.” Rebbi Mana said, both of them explained the same verse, “it shall belong to the stranger, the orphan, and the widow.” The House of Shammai say, for the poor102All three, as given by R. Abin., and the House of Hillel say, for the proprietor103Since there is only one connective “and”, only two belong together. However, there are three categories of people entitled to collect gleanings and leftovers..