משנה: הַמַּחֲלִיק בְּצָלִים לַחִין לְשׁוּק וּמְקַייֵם יְבֵשִׁין לְגוֹרֶן נוֹתֵן פֵּיאָה לְאֵלּוּ לְעַצְמָן וּלְאֵלּוּ לְעַצְמָן וְכֵן בַּאֲפוּנִים וְכֵן בְּכֶרֶם. הַמֵּידָל נוֹתֵן מִן הַמְשׁוּאָר עַל מַה שֶׁשִּׁייֵר. וְהַמַּחֲלִיק מֵאַחַת יָד נוֹתֵן מִן הַמְשׁוּאָר עַל הַכֹּל. MISHNAH: He who rips out39This translation is tentative; according to Maimonides it simply means “cuts”, based on Is. 41:7. According to R. Simson of Sens, it means either “leaves a bald spot” where the onions have been taken out or it means “splits” his field into two parts; it is possible that the expression is intentionally ambiguous. [In Mishnah Arakhin 1:3, the word means “to finish, to play the final coda.”] In Arabic, חלק means “to shave”; this supports the first interpretation of R. Simson, also supported by Mishnah Ševiït 4:4 which explains that “thinning” means taking out single plants but “ripping out” means pulling at least three together, leaving a bald spot. moist onions for the market and keeps dry ones for storage gives peah for each batch separately; the same applies to peas40Peas grown for meal. Those grown to be eaten as vegetable are not subject to the laws of peah (Mishnah Peah 1:4). and vineyards41Table grapes are considered different from grapes used either for wine making or for raisins.. He who thins out gives peah for what is left42Since thinning is necessary for the better growth of many kinds, the plants taken out in thinning are not considered harvested.. He who rips out with one hand43The meaning of this expression is not clear. According to Maimonides, it means “taking from one side only”. According to Rabbenu Simson, it means “taking from one kind only”. The sentence may refer to the start of the Mishnah: If somebody harvests young onions to sell them green with their leaves, he has to give peah from these green onions. But if he rips out only a few at a time with one hand, at the end, at the time of the harvest of the fully ripe onions for storage, he gives peah also for the volume of those green ones that he took occasionally. gives from the remainder for everything.
הלכה: תַּנִּי הַמֵּירוֹג חַייָב בִּתְחִילָתוֹ וְחַייָב בְּסוֹפוֹ. וְאֵיי דֵינוֹ מֵירוֹג. אָמַר רִבִּי יִרְמְיָה כְּהָדָא דְתַנֵּינָן הַמַּחֲלִיק בְּצָלִין לַחִים לְשׁוּק וּמְקַייֵם יְבֵישִׁין לְגוֹרֶן. אֲמַר רבִּי יוֹסֵי הַדֵּין קִיצְחָה כַּד אַתְּ זְרַע לֵיהּ הוּא עֲבִיד בָּצֶל דַּקִּיק. כַּד אַתְּ שְׁתַל לֵיהּ הוּא עֲבִיד בָּצֶל רָב. דִּי לָא כֵן מַה נָן אָֽמְרִין הוֹאִיל וְהוּא לִזְרִיעָה יְהֵא פָּטוּר מִן הַפֵּיאָה. וְחִיטִּין לֹא לִזְרִיעָה הֵן. חִטִּין רוּבָּן לַאֲכִילָה וְזֶה רוּבּוֹ לִזְרִיעָה. עַל דַּעְתֵּיהּ דְּרִבִּי יִרְמְיָה יֶרֶק חַייָב בְּפֵיאָה. מִינוֹ מַכְנִסוֹ לְקִיּוּם. מַה עֲבַד לָהּ רְבִּי יוֹסֵי. גָּמוּר הוּא וְאֵינוֹ מְחוּסָּר אֶלָּא לְיַבֵּשׁ. HALAKHAH: It is stated45Tosephta Peah 1:9.: “In patches46The text of the Tosephta reads: He who harvests in “patches.” According to S. Lieberman (Tosefta kifšutah Peah p. 131), אורּגא is the Syriac translation of ברוד “having white spots.” Z. Frankel refers the word here to Aramaic מרג “escape control”, which does not make sense. J. Levy refers to Arabic מַרַגַ “to be, to get into disorder”, to which one may add מַרג “pasture”. it is obligated at the beginning and at the end.” What is “in patches?” Rebbi Jeremiah said, just as we have stated: “He who rips out moist onions for the market and keeps dry ones for storage.” Rebbi Yose47R. Yose (the Amora) disagrees with R. Jeremiah and asserts that green onions are not in themselves subject to peah; only if part of the field is left to produce onions for storage does the obligation of peah fall on the entire field. said, for example nigella: If one sows it, it produces thin bulbs; if one plants seedlings, it produces large bulbs. For if it were not so, we would say because it is for sowing48In the first phase, when the plot is sown with nigella seed, all will be taken out for replanting. Hence, by Mishnah 1:4, it should not be subject to peah. However, since the seeds of the strong plant will be stored as spice, it is subject to peah in every harvest. it should be freed from peah. But are wheat grains not also for sowing? Wheat is mostly for eating, that one49Sown nigella does not produce usable spice. is mostly for sowing. According to Rebbi Jeremiah, are vegetables subject to peah50Since by equating Mishnah and Tosephta he declares an obligation of peah for green onions even if the field does not produce any onions for storage. This contradicts Mishnah 1:4.? Its kind is collected for storage. How does Rebbi Yose deal with it51The problem of green onions.? It is finished and needs only to dry out.
תַּנִּי לֶקֶט קְצִירְךָ וְלֹא לֶקֶט קִיטוּף. רִבִּי זְעִירָא רִבִּי חִייָא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן הַמְלַקֵּט שִׁבֳּלִין לְעִיסָּתוֹ אֲפִילוּ כָּל־שֶׁהוּא פָּטוּר מִן הַפֵּיאָה. רִבִּי לְעָזָר אוֹמֵר אֲפִילוּ בְמַגָּל. אֲמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי וְהוּא שֶׁשִּׁייֵר. וְהָתַנִּי הָיוּ לוֹ חָמֵשׁ גְּפָנִים וְהוּא [בּוֹצְרָן] וּמַכְנִיסָן לְתוֹךְ בֵּיתוֹ פָּטוּר מִן הַפֶּרֶט וּמִן הָעָרְלָה וּמִן הָֽרְבָעִי וְחַייָב בְּעוֹלְלוֹת. אָמַר רִבִּי יוּדָן כָּאן בִּגְמוּרוֹת כָּאן בִּשְׁאֵינָן גְּמוּרוֹת. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי וַאֲפִילוּ תֵימָא כָאן וְכָאן בִּגְמוּרוֹת. כָּאן וְכָאן בִּשְׁאֵינָן גְּמוּרוֹת. תַּמָּן כְּשֶׁבִּיקֵּשׁ לְאוֹכְלָן עֲנָבִים. בְּרַם הָכָא כְּשֶׁבִּיקֵּשׁ לַעֲשׂוֹתָן יַיִן עוֹשֶׂה. הָדָא יַלְפָא מִן הַהִיא וְהַהִיא יַלְפָה מִן הָדָא. הָדָא יַלְפָה מִן הַהִיא שֶׁאִם בִּיקֵּשׁ לְאוֹכְלָן מְלִילוֹת וַאֲפִילוּ לֹא שִׁייֵר. וְהַהִיא יַלְפָה מִן הָדָא שֶׁאִם בִּיקֵּשׁ לִשְׁתוֹתָן יַיִן וְהוּא שֶׁשִּׁייֶר. It was stated: (Lev. 19:9) “The gathering of your harvest,” not the gathering of your plucking52By hand.. Rebbi Zeïra, Rebbi Ḥiyya in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: He who collects52By hand. ears for his dough in any quantity53In the Babli this expression would mean “a minimal quantity.” In the Yerushalmi it means “a quantity of indeterminate size.” is free from peah. Rebbi Eleazar says, even with a sickle54It is not a harvest unless some is collected for storage, not if everything is used for immediate consumption.. Rebbi Yose55The Amora who in the Yerushalmi is known usually as R. Yasa and in the Babli as R. Assi. said, only if he left some standing. Did we not state (Tosephta Peah 1:10): “If he had five vines and he harvested them and brought them into his house56Not to the winepress to make wine or to his roof to make raisins., he is free from fallen berries57Berries fallen from the grape bunches during harvest, which may not be taken by the harvesters but must be left for the poor., from orlah, from the fourth year58Orlah is the yield of the first three years of a newly planted tree that is forbidden for all use; the yield of the fourth year must be eaten in Jerusalem (or it may be redeemed and the money brought to Jerusalem) if there is a Temple. These obligations do not depend on the harvest; hence, they cannot belong to the text. Even though this text is found in both manuscripts of the Yerushalmi, it is not in the Tosephta where the reading is: he is free from fallen berries, forgotten sheaves, and peah. This is also the text implied by both Maimonides and R. Abraham ben David (הלכות מתנות עניים 4:27) and the mention of peah is implied by the discussion here. The corruption must have crept into a manuscript from which both the Leyden and the Rome manuscripts are derived.
The Tosephta does not mention a remainder; this seems to contradict R. Yasa., but he is obligated for gleanings59Single berries which do not grow either in a bunch or in a row. They may not be harvested and must be left for the poor. Since they belong to the poor from the moment of their formation, the manner of harvesting is irrelevant.. Rebbi Yudan said, one for those which are fully ripe60Then any collecting is harvesting and a remnant is necessary so that the obligation of peah may be fulfilled., one for those which are not fully ripe61Then peah is not due.. Rebbi Yose62Ben Zabida, the late Amora. said, you may even say that both deal with the case that they are fully ripe, or both deal with the case that they are not fully ripe. There63Without remainder. if he wanted to eat them as grapes, here64A remainder is required for wine grapes. if he wanted to make them into wine, he may do so. This is informed from that and that is informed from this. This is informed from that, if he wants to eat them65Ears of grain. Eaten as a snack directly from the field. as rubbed ears [he may do so] even if he did not leave a remainder. That is informed from this, if he wants to drink them as wine66Even if the grapes are squeezed by hand to produce grape juice in the house. [he may do so] only if he left a remainder.
הַמֵּידָל נוֹתֵן מִן הַמְשׁוּאָר עַל מַה שֶׁשִּׁייֵר. תַּנִּי אָמַר רִבִּי יוּדָה בְּמַה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים בְּמֵידַל לְשׁוּק אֲבָל בְּמֵידַל לְבַיִת נוֹתֵן מִן הַמְשׁוּאָר עַל הַכֹּל. אֲמַר רִבִּי זְעִירָא הָדָא דְּתֵימָא בְּשֶׁעִיבָּה עַל מְנָת לְהַדֵּל. אֲבָל אִם עִיבָּה עַל מְנָת שֶׁלֹּא̇ לְהַדֵּל לֹא סוֹף דָּבָר לְבֵיתוֹ אֶלָּא אֲפִילוּ לְשׁוּק נוֹתֵן מִן הַמְשׁוּאָר עַל הַכֹּל. “He who thins out gives peah for what is left67Quote from the Mishnah..” It was stated (Tosephta Peah 1:10): Rebbi Jehudah said: When has this been said? If he thins for sale68The plants taken in thinning, even if they are marketable as produce, are certainly only vegetable that in its kind is never stored and, hence, is free from the obligation of peah. Nobody requires peah for thinnings that are discarded., but if he thins for his own use he gives from the remnant for everything69Because this is the use of the produce of the field for which it was planted.. Rebbi Zeïra said, that means70That he does not have to give peah for marketable thinnings if they are marketed., if he sowed thickly in order to thin later. But if he sowed thickly without intention to thin later, not only if he uses it for himself but even for the market he gives from the remnant for everything.