משנה: נִתְפַּצְּעוּ הָאֱגוֹזִים נִתְפָּֽרְדוּ הָרִימּוֹנִים נִתְפַּתְּחוּ הֶחָבִיּוֹת נֶחְתְּכוּ הַדִּלּוּעִים נִתְפָּֽרְשׂוּ הַכִּכָּרוֹת יַעֲלוּ בְּאֶחָד וּמָאתַיִם. MISHNAH: If the walnuts were broken, the pomegranates dispersed141The shell was removed and the pomegranate broken into single berries, in all these cases, the items are sold by amount (weight or volume), not by piece., the amphoras opened, the gourds cut, the loaves broken, they may be lifted by one in 200.
הלכה: נָֽפְלוּ וְאַחַר כָּךְ נִתְפַּצְּעוּ בֵּין שׁוֹגֵג בֵּין מֵזִיד לֹא יַעֲלוּ דִּבְרֵי רִבִּי מֵאִיר. רִבִּי יוּדָה אָמַר בֵּין שׁוֹגֵג בֵּין מֵזִיד יַעֲלוּ. רִבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר שׁוֹגֵג יַעֲלוּ מֵזִיד לֹא יַעֲלוּ. מַה טַעֲמָא דְּרִבִּי מֵאִיר. קָֽנְסוּ בְּשׁוֹגֵג מִפְּנֵי מֵזִיד. מַה טַעֲמָא דְּרִבִּי יוּדָה. כְּבָר קְנָסוֹ בְיָדוֹ. מַה טַעֲמָא דְּרִבִּי יוֹסֵי. כַּיי דְאָמַר רִבִּי אַבָּהוּ בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. כָּל־הָאִיסּוּרִין שֶׁרִיבָה עֲלֵיהֶן שׁוֹגֵג מוּתָּר. מֵזִיד אָסוּר. HALAKHAH: If they fell down142Breakable walnuts among which was one of ‘orlah. Whole ones all were forbidden. Broken they are not more valuable than any other broken walnuts. Can they be lifted by 1 in 200? and broke, whether unintentionally or intentionally they should not be lifted, the words of Rebbi Meïr. Rebbi Jehudah says, whether unintentionally or intentionally they may be lifted. Rebbi Yose143In the parallel Babli Giṭṭin 54b, this is reported as the common opinion of RR. Jehudah, Yose, and Simeon. says, unintentionally they may be lifted, intentionally they may not be lifted. What is the reason of Rebbi Meïr? They fined for the unintentional because of the intentional. What is the reason of Rebbi Jehudah? He already paid his fine144Since he can sell the broken walnuts only for the price of regular nuts, he already has suffered monetary loss. (This opinion is not quoted in the Babli.). What is the reason of Rebbi Yose? As Rebbi Abbahu said in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan, any prohibited item to which [something permitted] was added145And now the mixture is permitted according to the rules; cf. also Terumot 2:3., unintentionally it is permitted, intentionally it is forbidden.
רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ בְּשֵׁם רִבִּי הוֹשַׁעְיָה הָיוּ לְפָנָיו מֵאָה וַחֲמִשִּׁים חָבִיּוֹת. נִתְפַּתְּחוּ מֵאָה מוּתָּרוֹת. חֲמִשִּׁים אֲסוּרוֹת. וְהַשְּׁאָר לִכְשֶׁיִּפָּתֵחוּ יְהוּ מוּתָּרוֹת. אָמַר רִבִּי זְעִירָא לֹא אָֽמְרוּ אֶלָּא לִכְשֶׁיִּפָּתֵחוּ הָא לְפַתֵּחַ לְכַתְּחִילָּה אָסוּר. 146This is from Terumot 4:8, Note 83, and ‘Orlah 1:5, Note 165. Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish in the name of Rebbi Hoshaia: If there were before him 150 amphoras which were opened: One hundred are permitted, fifty are forbidden; this remainder will be permitted if they have been opened. Rebbi Zeïra said, he said only “if they have been opened;” therefore at the start it is forbidden.
דְּבֵי רִבִּי יַנַּאי שְׁאָלִין. דְּלַעַת שְׁלָקָהּ בְּבֵית אָבִיהָ מָהוּ שֶתִּטְבּוֹל לְמַעְשְׂרוֹת. לֵוִי שָׁאַל מָהוּ שֶׁתְּטַמֵּא טוּמְאַת אוֹכְלִין. שְׁלָקָהּ בִּמְחוּתֶּכֶת הִיא. מִילְתֵיהּ דִּשְׁמוּאֵל אָמַר שֶׁהִיא מְטַמֵּא טוּמְאַת אוֹכְלִין. וְאָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי בֵּירִבִּי בּוּן בְּשֵׁם שְׁמוּאֵל. תְּאֵנִים וַעֲנָבִים שֶׁצָּֽמְקוּ בְּאָבִיהֶן מְטַמְּאִין טוּמְאַת אוֹכְלִין. וְהָרוֹדֶה מֵהֶן בַּשַּׁבָּת חַייָב מִשּׁוּם קוֹצֵר. They asked at the House of Rebbi Yannai: Does a gourd which was cooked147The text follows the editio princeps. The ms. has שלקטה “which he collected”. In the version of the ms. the question is trivial. Since gourds are sold by the piece, the collection of the gourd is the end of processing and, since it may be taken directly to market, it immediately becomes subject to heave and tithes. Therefore, the version of the print is preferable. Since gourds grow on very long tendrils, it is possible in principle to cook the gourd while it is still connected to its root. while connected to the ground create ṭevel for tithes? Levi asked, can it become impure as food? If it was cooked it is as if cut into pieces148Being treated as food makes it subject to the impurity of food.. The word of Samuel says that it becomes impure as food, as Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Abun said in the name of Samuel149Quoted in Babli Ḥulin 127b where it is pointed out that in general fruits become food only when harvested. Raisins on the vine are food regarding impurity but not yet food regarding the Sabbath. The Tosephta (Uqeẓin 2:11) notes that any other shriveled fruit on the branch is not food.: Figs and raisins which shriveled on the tree may become impure as food and anybody who takes them down on the Sabbath is guilty of harvesting.
נִתְפָּֽרְסוּ כִּכָּרוֹת. מַּתְנִיתָא דְּרִבִּי עֲקִיבָה. דְּרִבִּי עֲקִיבָה אָמַר אַף כִּכָּרוֹת שֶׁל בַּעַל הַבַּיִת. “If the loaves were broken”. The Mishnah is Rebbi Aqiba’s since “Rebbi Aqiba says, also non-commercial loaves.”