משנה: הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַיָּרָק מוּתָּר בַּדִּילּוּעִים. וְרִבִּי עֲקִיבָה אוֹסֵר. אָֽמְרוֹ לוֹ לְרִבִּי עֲקִיבָה וַהֲלֹא אוֹמֵר אָדָם לִשְׁלוּחוֹ קַח לָנוּ יָרָק וְהוּא אוֹמֵר לֹא מָצָאתִי אֶלָּא דִילּוּעִין. אָמַר לָהֶם כֵּן הַדָּבָר אוֹ שֶׁמָּא אוֹמֵר הוּא לֹא מָצָאתִי אֶלָּא קִטְנִית. אֶלָּא שֶׁהַדִּילּוּעִין בִּכְלָל יָרָק. אָסוּר בְּפוּל הַמִּצְרִי לַח וּמוּתָּר בַּיָּבֵשׁ. MISHNAH: One who makes a vow to abstain from vegetables is permitted squash, but Rebbi Aqiba forbids it. They said to Rebbi Aqiba, does it not happen that a person says to his agent, buy vegetables for us, and he says, I found only squash1“Vegetables” are grown in a vegetable garden and eaten raw or as a side dish. Squash is produced without irrigation and is not eaten raw. The person sent to buy vegetables will not buy squash without separate instructions.? He said to them, that is true. Would he ever say, I found only legumes2Legumes (Arabic قُطْنِيَّة) are seeds, such as peas and lentils, to be ground into flour. As the last sentence of the Mishnah makes clear, legumes not ready to be ground into flour are vegetables. The person sent to buy vegetables will never ask for permission to buy legumes.? But squash is contained in the notion of “vegetable”3The Babylonian Mishnah adds: “But legumes are not contained in the notion of ‘vegetables’ ”.. He is forbidden fresh Egyptian beans and permitted dried ones.
הלכה: הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַיָּרָק כול׳. מִיסְבַּר סָבַר רִבִּי עֲקִיבָה מָצָאתִי וְלֹא מָצָאתִי. מֵעַתָּה הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַבָּשָׂר יְהֵא אָסוּר בִּבְשַׂר דָּגִים וַחֲגָבִים. שֶׁכֵּן אָדָם אוֹמֵר לַחֲבֵירוֹ. קַח לָנוּ בָשָׂר. וְהוּא אוֹמֵר לַחֲבֵירוֹ. לֹא מָצָאתִי אֶלָּא דָגִים. אֶלָּא רִבִּי עֲקִיבָה סָבַר מֵימַר. הַדִּילּוּעִין בִּכְלָל יָרָק. וְרַבָּנִין אָֽמְרִין. אֵין הַדִּילּוּעִין בִּכְלָל יָרָק. אַף לְמִידַּת הַדִּין כֵּן. יָרָק גִּינָּה זֶה מָכוּר. וְהָיוּ שָׁם דִּילּוּעִין. עַל דַּעְתֵּיהּ דְּרִבִי עֲקִיבָה מְכוּרִין. עַל דַּעְתּוֹן דְּרַבָּנִין אֵינָן מְכוּרִין. וּבְהֶבְקֵר וּבְהֶקְדֵּשׁ כֵּן. HALAKHAH: Does Rebbi Aqiba think “I found, I did not find”4Does R. Aqiba hold that any usual substitute comes under the category of the original? The Nedarim.54a">Babli, 54a, holds that this is R. Aqiba’s opinion. The Babli must hold that a person sent to buy meat will not suggest fish as a substitute.? Then one who forbids meat to himself should be forbidden fish and grasshopper meat since, if a man says to another, buy meat for us, he will return and say, I found only fish5Fish and grasshoppers do not come under the category of “meat” since they can be cooked with milk. (Yemenite Jews used to roast grasshoppers in clay pots used for neither meat nor milk).! But Rebbi Aqiba must think that squash are vegetables, but the rabbis think that squash are not vegetables. That applies to legal situations. “The vegetables of this garden are sold;” if squash were there, they would be sold in the opinion of Rebbi Aqiba, not sold in the opinion of the rabbis. The same applies to declarations of abandonment6If somebody declares his vegetables as ownerless or dedicates them to the Temple, for the rabbis he does not include squash, for R. Aqiba he does. or dedications.
רִבִּי יַעֲקֹב בַּר אָחָא רִבִּי חִייָה בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. אָתָא דִיחִידָייָא דְּהָכָא כִּסְתָּמָא דְתַמָּן. וִיחִידָייָא דְתַמָּן כִּסְתָּמָא דְהָכָא. דְּתַנֵּי. הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַבָּשָׂר אָסוּר בְּכָל־מִין בָּשָׂר אָסוּר בְּרֹאשׁ וּבִכְרָעַיִם וּבְקָנֶה וּבְלֵב וּבְכָבֵד. וּמוּתָּר בִּבְשַׂר דָּגִים וַחֲגָבִים. וְכֵן הָיָה רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר. קִרְבַייָא לָאו בָּשָׂר וְאָכְלֵיהוֹן לָאו אִינַּשׁ. Rebbi Jacob bar Idi, Rebbi Ḥiyya, in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: It turns out that the minority opinion here is the majority opinion there and vice-versa. As it was stated: “One who makes a vow to abstain from meat is forbidden all kinds of meat, is forbidden head, feet, neck, heart, and liver8The Babli adds, “and fowl”, cf. Note 7.. But he is permitted fish meat and grasshoppers9This statement also in Chullin 8:1" href="/Mishnah_Chullin.8.1">Mishnah Ḥulin 8:1, Chullin 8:1" href="/Tosefta_Chullin.8.1">Tosephta Ḥulin 8:2.. In this vein, Rabban Simeon ben Gamliel said, intestines are not meat and those who eat them are not humans.”
הַכֹּל מוֹדִין בְּנוֹדֵר מִן הַדִּילּוּעִין שֶׁמּוּתָּר בְּיָרָק. כְּהָדָא דְתַנֵּי. הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הָעִיקָּר אָסוּר בַּטְּפֵילָה. הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַטְּפֵילָה מוּתָּר בָּעִיקָּר. הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַבָּשָׂר אָסוּר בַּגִידִים. הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַגִידִים מוּתָּר בַּבָּשָׂר. מַה פְלִיגֵי. בִּדְלַעַת מִצְרִית. אֲבָל בִּדְלַעַת יְװָנִית כָּל־עַמָּא מוֹדֵיי שֶׁהוּא כְיָרָק. רִבִּי קְרִיסְפָּא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. כָּל־אִלֵּין קַרְייָא וּכְרוּבְתָא דַאֲנָן אָֽכְלִין דְּלַעַת יְװָנִית אִינּוּן. רִבִּי יוּדָא בַּר צְרַדְייָה אוֹמֵר. קירמולין הֵּן כְּיָרָק. רִבִּי יוֹנָה וְרִבִּי יוֹסֵי בְּעֵיי. קרמולין מַהוּ שֶׁיְּהוּ חַייָבִין בְּמַעְשְׂרוֹת. תַּנֵּי בַּר קַפָּרָא. קרמולין פְּטוּרִין מִן הַמַּעְשְׂרוֹת. הָדָא דְאַתְּ אֲמַר עַד שֶׁלֹּא עָשׂוּ דִילּוּעִין. אֲבָל אִם עָשׂוּ דִילוּעִין כְּיָרָק הֵן. הוֹרֵי רִבִּי יוֹסֵי בְּאִילֵּין עֲלֵי קָלוֹקַסְייָה שֶׁאָסוּר לִגְמוֹת בָּהֶן מַיִם מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהַצְּבָיִין אוֹכְלִין אוֹתָן. Everybody agrees that a person who vows to forbid gourd to himself is permitted vegetables, as it was stated: A person who makes a vow to abstain from a main object is forbidden the peripherals; if he vows from the peripherals, he is permitted the main object. One who vows to abstain from meat is forbidden sinews, he who vows to abstain from sinews is permitted meat. Where do they disagree? About Egyptian gourd. But everybody agrees that Greek gourds10Cf. Kilayim 1:5:2" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Kilayim.1.5.2">Kilaim 1:5. are vegetables. Rebbi Crispus in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: All sorts of gourd and cabbage which we eat are Greek gourds. Rebbi Jehudah bar Ṣeradia says, qarmals12Neither the family of plants אפומלייא nor the individual plants mentioned here have been determined, except for the last one. In Arabic, נבע is a tree from which arrows and bows are made. {Perhaps cf. Greek πωμάριον, τό, Latin pomarium, “orchard”, as a reference to “tree fruits”? (E. G.)} are vegetables. Rebbi Jonah and Rebbi Yose asked, are qarmals subject to tithes? 11From Sheviit 2:7:4-5" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Sheviit.2.7.4-5">Ševi‘it 2:10, Notes 98–101, dealing with the rules of the Sabbatical year. The statement of Bar Qappara there is attributed to R. Jonah. Bar Qappara stated, qarmals are free from tithes. That is, as long as they did not form gourds; but when they formed gourds they are like vegetables. Rebbi Yose instructed that it is forbidden to sip water from colocasia leaves because they are food for deer.
הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַיָּרָק מַהוּ שֶׁיְּהֵא מוּתָּר בְּמִינֵי אפומלייא כְּגוֹן נבעה וּמסרולה ופלוליה וְקָלוֹקַסְיָה. רִבִּי יִצְחָק בֶּן חֲקוֹלָא וְרִבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי תְּרֵיהוֹן אָֽמְרִין קוּלְקָס כְּיָרָק לְמַעְשְׂרוֹת וְלִשְׁבִיעִית וּלְפֵיאָה וּלְכִלְאַיִם. וְלִנְדָרִים צְרִיכָה. Is one who makes a vow to abstain from vegetables permitted kinds of ‘pvmlyy’, as, for example, nb‘h, msrvlh, plvlyh12Neither the family of plants אפומלייא nor the individual plants mentioned here have been determined, except for the last one. In Arabic, נבע is a tree from which arrows and bows are made. {Perhaps cf. Greek πωμάριον, τό, Latin pomarium, “orchard”, as a reference to “tree fruits”? (E. G.)}, and taro13Colocasia, Greek κολοκασία, Arabic קֻלקָאס. Its root is used to produce a kind of flour in Africa; hence, it is an intermediate between a vegetable and a legume. The only problem is that of vows (e. g., if a person makes a vow to abstain from vegetables), since in matters of vows one does not follow technical usage but the meaning in local dialects. Hence, there may be places where taro is commonly subsumed under vegetables and other places where it is not.. 14Text from Peah 1:6, Note 273. Rebbi Isaac ben Ḥaqolah and Rebbi Joshua ben Levi both say taro is like a vegetable for tithes, the sabbatical year, peah, and kilaim. For vows it is problematic.
הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַיָּרָק מַהוּ שֶׁיְּהֵא מוּתָּר בַּיָּבֵשׁ. נִישְׁמְעִינָהּ מִן הָדָא. אָסוּר בְּפוּל מִצְרִי לַח וּמוּתָּר בַּיָּבֵשׁ. לֹא אָמַר אֶלָּא פוּל מִצְרִי דָּבָר שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ גוֹרֶן. הָא דָּבָר שֶׁאֵין לוֹ גוֹרֶן אָסוּר אֲפִילוּ יָבֵשׁ. הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הָאֲפִייָה אָסוּר בַּקִּישּׁוּאִין וּבְדִּילּוּעִין וּבְאֲבַטִּיחִין וּבְמֶלַפֶּפֹּנִיּוֹת וְאָסוּר בְּכָל־פֵּירוֹת הָאִלָן. הַנּוֹדֵר מִן כַּבְשָׂה מוּתָּר בִּגְדָיִים וּבְגוֹזָלִים וּבְחָלָב. וְאִם אָמַר. בְּגִידּוּלֵי שָׁנָה אָסוּר בַּכֹּל. הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַתִּירוֹשׁ אָסוּר בְּכָל־מִינֵי מְתִיקָה וּמוּתָּר בְּיַיִן. כְּמָאן דְּאָמַר. הִילְּכוּ בִנְדָרִים אַחַר לְשׁוֹן בְּנֵי אָדָם. בְּרַם כְּמָאן דְּאָמַר. הִילְּכוּ בִנְדָרִים אַחַר לְשׁוֹן תּוֹרָה. הַתּוֹרָה קְרָאת אוֹתוֹ תִירוֹשׁ. תִּירוֹשְׁךָ זֶה הַיַּיִן. If somebody makes a vow to abstain from vegetables, would he be permited dried ones? Let us hear from the following: “He is forbidden fresh Egyptian beans and permitted dried ones.” He mentioned only Egyptian beans, a kind which has a threshing floor15I. e., Egyptian beans are separated from their hulls and stored in quantity. A contract for delivery of Egyptian beans requires delivery of dried ones. A vegetable is permitted in dry form only if that dry form is traded as a separate kind.. Therefore, anything which has no threshing floor is forbidden even if dried. 16Tosephta 4:3. If somebody makes a vow to abstain from bulbous plants17This translation follows S. Lieberman, Tosefta ki-f shutaḥ Nedarim, p. 455. he is forbidden green melon18Cf. Kilayim 1:2:1" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Kilayim.1.2.1">Kilaim 1:2, Notes 38–39., squash, water melon, sweet melon18Cf. Kilayim 1:2:1" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Kilayim.1.2.1">Kilaim 1:2, Notes 38–39. and all tree fruits. If somebody makes a vow to abstain from sheep meat, he is permitted lambs, pidgeon chicks19These have nothing to do with sheep; pigeons are only mentioned for inclusion in the next clause., and milk20Sheep’s milk.. But if he said, which grew this year, he is forbidden all of these. 21Tosephta 4:3, Yoma.76b">Babli Yoma 76b. If somebody makes a vow to abstain from cider, he is forbidden everything sweet and permitted wine. That is, following those who say that vows are interpreted in the vernacular22R. Joḥanan, Nedarim 6:1:2-7" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Nedarim.6.1.2-7">Halakhah 6:1; everybody’s opinion in the Yoma.76b">Babli, Yoma 76b. It seems that in Mishnaic times, the sweetness of the cider was the determinig factor.. But following those who say, vows are interpreted in biblical Hebrew23R. Joshiah, Nedarim 6:1:2-7" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Nedarim.6.1.2-7">Halakhah 6:1., the Torah used “cider” as an expression for wine; “your cider”24Deuteronomy.12.17">Deut. 12:17, Deuteronomy.14.23">14:23, Deuteronomy.18.4">18:4., that is wine.