Jerusalem Talmud Nedarim 4:6

משנה: הַמּוּדָּר הֲנָייָה מֵחֲבֵירוֹ לִפְנֵי שְׁבִיעִית לֹא יוֹרֵד לְתוֹךְ שָׂדֵהוּ וְאֵינוֹ אוֹכֵל מִן הַנּוֹטוֹת. וּבַשְּׁבִיעִית לֹא יוֹרֵד לְתוֹךְ שָׂדֵהוּ אֲבָל אוֹכֵל הוּא מִן הַנּוֹטוֹת. נָדַר הֵימֶינּוּ מַאֲכָל לִפְנֵי שְׁבִיעִית יוֹרֵד בְּתוֹךְ שָׂדֵהוּ וְאֵינוֹ אוֹכֵל מִן הַפֵּירוֹת. וּבַשְּׁבִיעִית יוֹרֵד וְאוֹכֵל. MISHNAH: If somebody is forbidden any profit from another person by a vow made before the Sabbatical year, he cannot enter that person’s field nor can he eat from the overhang⁸⁸Fruits of trees that hang over a public road, which do not belong to the tree’s owner but are ownerless.. In the Sabbatical year, he cannot enter his field⁸⁹As the Halakhah points out, if by biblical decree everybody is permitted to eat from the yield of the Sabbatical, it must be permitted to enter all agricultural property for the purpose of harvesting. But in our case, if the maker of the vow would stay one moment too long, he would be sinning. but he can eat from the overhang. If he vowed not to eat from the other before the Sabbatical year, he can enter⁹⁰Since he did not forbid that for himself. his field but he cannot eat of its fruits. During the Sabbatical year he enters and eats.

הלכה: הַמּוּדָּר הֲנָייָה מֵחֲבֵירוֹ לִפְנֵי שְׁבִיעִית כול׳. וְיֵרֵד. כִּדְאָמַר רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן יָקִים. שֶׁלֹּא יִשְׁהֶה. HALAKHAH: “If somebody is forbidden any profit from another person by a vow made before the Sabbatical year,” etc. Why can he not enter⁸⁹As the Halakhah points out, if by biblical decree everybody is permitted to eat from the yield of the Sabbatical, it must be permitted to enter all agricultural property for the purpose of harvesting. But in our case, if the maker of the vow would stay one moment too long, he would be sinning.? As Rebbi Simeon ben Yaqim said, that he should not stay long⁹¹The same in the Babli, 42b..

רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן פָּתַר מַתְנִיתָא. הַמּוּדָּר הֲנָאָה מֵחֲבֵירוֹ לִפְנֵי שְׁבִיעִית אֵינוֹ יוֹרֵד לְתוֹךְ שָׂדֵהוּ וְאֵינוֹ אוֹכֵל מִן הַנּוֹטוֹת. וּבַשְּׁבִיעִית יוֹרֵד לְתוֹךְ שָׂדֵהוּ וְאוֹכֵל מִן הַפֵּירוֹת. וְאִם נָדַר בַּשְּׁבִיעִית יוֹרֵד וְאוֹכֵל. רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ פָּתַר מַתְנִיתָא. הַמּוּדָּר הֲנָייָה מֵחֲבֵירוֹ לִפְנֵי שְׁבִיעִית לֹא יוֹרֵד לְתוֹךְ שָׂדֵהוּ וְאֵינוֹ אוֹכֵל מִן הַפֵּירוֹת. וְאִם נָדַר בַּשְּׁבִיעִית לֹא יוֹרֵד בְּתוֹךְ שָׂדֵהוּ אֲבָל אוֹכֵל מִן הַפֵּירוֹת. נָדַר מִמֶּנּוּ מַאֲכָל לִפְנֵי שְׁבִיעִית יוֹרֵד לְתוֹךְ שָׂדֵהוּ וְאֵינוֹ אוֹכֵל מִן הַפֵּירוֹת. וְאִם נָדַר בַּשְּׁבִיעִית יוֹרֵד וְאוֹכֵל. וַתְייָא דְּרִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ כְּרִבִּי יוֹסֵי. דּוּ רִבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר. מִפְּנֵי שֶׁקָּדַם נִדְרוֹ לְהֶפְקֵירוֹ. כֵּן רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ אָמַר. שֶׁקָּדַם נִדְרוֹ לְהֶבְקֵירוֹ הֶבְקֵירוֹ לְנִדְרוֹ. רִבִּי יוֹנָה רִבִּי בָּא בַּר חִייָה בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. מוֹדֶה רִבִּי יוֹסֵי בְּהֶבְקֵר תּוֹרָה שֶׁהוּא מוֹתָּר. Rebbi Joḥanan explained the Mishnah: If somebody is forbidden any profit from another person by a vow made before the Sabbatical year, he cannot enter that person’s field nor can he eat from the overhang⁹³While the fruits overhanging the public domain are ownerless, the tree belongs to the person he forbade to himself.. In the Sabbatical year, he can enter his field and eat of the fruits⁹⁴The reading here is uncertain. The text given is that of the first hand of the ms. The corrected version reads וּבַשְּׁבִיעִית יוֹרֵד לְתוֹךְ שָׂדֵהוּ וְאֵינוֹ אוֹכֵל מִן הַפֵּירוֹת “In the Sabbatical year, he can enter his field but not eat of the fruits.” This makes no sense. It seems that the text should be corrected to וּבַשְּׁבִיעִית אֵינוֹ יוֹרֵד לְתוֹךְ שָׂדֵהוּ וְאוֹכֵל מִן הַפֵּירוֹת “In the Sabbatical year, he cannot enter his field but eat of the fruits” where the fruits are either the overhang or harvested by others on the field. This version is quoted in the Babli, 42a, as concurrent opinion of R. Joḥanan and R. Simeon ben Laqish. A similar statement in Tosephta 2:8.. If he vowed during the Sabbatical year, he enters and eats⁹⁵This last clause of the Mishnah applies to both cases; there is no difference whether the vow refers to all property or only to food.. Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish explains the Mishnah: If somebody is forbidden any profit from another person by a vow made before the Sabbatical year, he cannot enter that person’s field nor can he eat of its fruits⁹⁶Including the overhang.. If he made the vow in the Sabbatical year, he cannot enter his field but he can eat of the fruits⁹⁴The reading here is uncertain. The text given is that of the first hand of the ms. The corrected version reads וּבַשְּׁבִיעִית יוֹרֵד לְתוֹךְ שָׂדֵהוּ וְאֵינוֹ אוֹכֵל מִן הַפֵּירוֹת “In the Sabbatical year, he can enter his field but not eat of the fruits.” This makes no sense. It seems that the text should be corrected to וּבַשְּׁבִיעִית אֵינוֹ יוֹרֵד לְתוֹךְ שָׂדֵהוּ וְאוֹכֵל מִן הַפֵּירוֹת “In the Sabbatical year, he cannot enter his field but eat of the fruits” where the fruits are either the overhang or harvested by others on the field. This version is quoted in the Babli, 42a, as concurrent opinion of R. Joḥanan and R. Simeon ben Laqish. A similar statement in Tosephta 2:8.. If he vowed not to eat from the other before the Sabbatical year, he can enter his field but he cannot eat of its fruits. If he made the vow during the Sabbatical year he enters and eats⁹⁵This last clause of the Mishnah applies to both cases; there is no difference whether the vow refers to all property or only to food.. That statement of Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish follows Rebbi Yose, for Rebbi Yose said, for his vow preceded his abandoning, his abandoning his vow⁹⁷These two words are probably superfluous; they are missing in the parallel in Halakhah 10. It is stated in Mishnah 10 that if A and B walk together and B has no food, then A may put some food on a rock and declare it ownerless, whereupon B can take it. R. Yose objects since A’s food remains forbidden to B if nobody else acquired it before it came to A. R. Yose [Peah 6:1 (fol. 19b), Demay 3:2 (fol. 23b), Nedarim 4:10] rejects the concept of ownerless property and holds that the owner has full responsibility for his abandoned property until it is taken up and acquired by another person.. Rebbi Jonah, Rebbi Abba bar Ḥiyya, in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: Rebbi Yose agrees that he is permitted in the case of biblical abandoning⁹⁸Sabbatical produce is available for everybody by biblical decree, not by human action. Therefore, there is no comparison between Mishnaiot 6 and 10..