Jerusalem Talmud Nazir 6:5

משנה: שְׁלֹשָׁה מִינִים אֲסוּרִין בַּנָּזִיר הַטּוּמְאָה וְהַתִּגְלַחַת וְהַיּוֹצֵא מִן הַגֶּפֶן. חוֹמֶר בַּטּוּמְאָה וּבַתִּגְלַחַת מִבַּיּוֹצֵא מִן הַגֶּפֶן שֶׁהַטּוּמְאָה וְהַתִּגְלַחַת סוֹתְרִים וְהַיּוֹצֵא מִן הַגֶּפֶן אֵינוֹ סוֹתֵר. חוֹמֶר בַּיּוֹצֵא מִן הַגֶּפֶן מִבַּטּוּמְאָה וּמִבַּתִּגְלַחַת שֶׁהַיּוֹצֵא מִן הַגֶּפֶן לֹא הוּתַּר מִכְּלָלוֹ וְהַטּוּמְאָה וְהַתִּגְלַחַת הוּתְּרוּ מִכְּלָלָן בְּתִגְלַחַת מִצְוָה וּבְמֵת מִצְוָה. וְחוֹמֶר בַּטּוּמְאָה מִן הַתִּגְלַחַת שֶׁהַטּוּמְאָה סוֹתֶרֶת אֶת הַכֹּל וְחַייָבִין עָלֶיהָ קָרְבָּן וְהַתִּגְלַחַת אֵינָהּ סוֹתֶרֶת אֶלָּא עַד שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם וְאֵין חַייָבִין עָלֶיהָ קָרְבָּן. MISHNAH: Three kinds are forbidden for the nazir: Impurity, shaving, and consuming produce of the vine¹⁷³Repeated from Nazir 6:1:1" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Nazir.6.1.1">Mishnah 6:1. Impurity and shaving are more severe than the prohibition of produce of the vine since impurity and shaving require him to start again, but produce of the vine does not require him to start again. The prohibition of produce of the vine is more severe than impurity and shaving since produce of the vine is never permitted but impurity and shaving are permitted for a commanded shaving¹⁷⁴If a sufferer from skin disease is a nazir when he is healed, his vow does not preclude the required shavings for his rehabilitation. and a corpse of obligation¹⁷⁵Any person, even a nazir or a High Priest, who comes upon an unattended corpse, has to defile himself and bring the dead to burial. The rules of the commanded burial are detailed in the next Chapter.. Impurity is more severe than shaving since for impurity he has to start again from the beginning and is obligated for a sacrifice, but for shaving he has to start again for at most 30 days and is not obligated for a sacrifice.

הלכה: הַטּוּמְאָה. דִּכְתִיב כָּל־יְמֵי הַזִּירוֹ לַיי֨ עַל נֶפֶשׁ מֵת לֹא יָבֹא. תִּגְלַחַת. דִּכְתִיב כָּל־יְמֵי נֶדֶר נִזְרוֹ תַּעַר לא יַעֲבוֹר עַל רֹאשׁוֹ. הַיּוֹצֵא מִן הַגֶּפֶן. דִּכְתִיב מִכָּל אֲשֶׁר יֵעָשֶׂה מִגֶּפֶן הַיַּיִן וגו׳. HALAKHAH: ¹⁷⁶Nazir 6:6" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Nazir.6.6">Halakhah 6:1, Notes 4–6. Impurity, as it is written: “During all the days he vowed to the Eternal he shall not come close to a human corpse.” Shaving, as it is written: “During all the days of his nazir vow, a shaving knife shall not come onto his head.” Anything from the vine, as it is written: “During all the days of his vow, of anything coming from the wine-vine [he shall not eat.]”

חוֹמֶר בַּטּוּמְאָה וּבַתִּגְלַחַת מִבַּיּוֹצֵא מִן הַגֶּפֶן. הַטּוּמְאָה. דִּכְתִיב כָּל־יְמֵי הַזִּירוֹ לַיי֨. וְהַתִּגְלַחַת. דִּכְתִיב וְהַיָּמִים הָרִאשׁוֹנִים יִפְּלוּ כִּי טָמֵא נִזְרוֹ. “Impurity and shaving are more severe than produce of the vine.” Impurity, as it is written: “All the days he vowed to the Eternal.” And shaving, as it is written: “The earlier days fall away¹⁷⁷Cf. Nazir 3:5:1" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Nazir.3.5.1">Halakhah 3:5, Note 57., for his vow in impure.¹⁷⁸This verse proves that the impure nazir has to start again from the beginning. One is tempted, with the classical commentators, to move this verse to the previous sentence and find an appropriate verse for shaving. The problem is that no biblical verse requires the shaved nazir to start counting anew, as explained in Nazir 6:3:2-8" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Nazir.6.3.2-8">Halakhah 3. The reference is to an argument, reproduced in extenso in the Nazir.44a">Babli 44a and Sifry Num. 31, shortened in Num. rabba 10(34), on exactly the quoted verse, Numbers.6.12">Num. 6:12: “ ‘For his vow is impure’, impurity requires him to start from the beginning, shaving does not require him to start from the beginning, but he has to repeat 30 days.””

חוֹמֶר בַּיּוֹצֵא מִן הַגֶּפֶן מִבַּטּוּמְאָה וּבַתִּגְלַחַת. הֲווֹן בָּעֵיי מֵימַר בְּאַרְבַּע כּוֹסוֹת (שֶׁלְּמַיִם אוֹ) שֶׁלְּיַיִן. אֲבָל אִם אָמַר. שְׁבוּעָה שֶׁאֶשְׁתֶּה וְנָזִיר. אֶשְׁתֶּה אָתָא מֵימַר לֹא יִשְׁתֶּה. “The produce of the vine is more severe than impurity and shaving.” They wanted to say, for the Four Cups (of water or)¹⁷⁹This clearly is a scribal error. wine¹⁸⁰The 4 cups of wine one is required to drink in the Seder night (cf. H. Guggenheimer, The Scholar’s Haggadah, pp. 185–191.) Since this is a rabbinic (or in any case, post-biblical) requirement, it cannot eliminate a biblical prohibition. (In the opinion of the Nazir.3b-4a">Babli, 3b/4a, the nazir may drink wine for the Sabbath qidduš since the Fourth Commandment to sanctify the Sabbath cannot be pushed aside by the vow of the nazir. This fact is irrelevant here since impurity and shaving can be imposed on the nazir after his vow, but the Sabbath wine is his duty before the vow. The Yerushalmi clearly holds that qidduš can be recited over bread; wine is not absolutely necessary.). But if he said, “a vow that I shall drink and be a nazir”, “that I shall drink” comes to say that he will not drink¹⁸¹Since in an oath formula, the positive stands for the negative..

הוּתָּר בְּתִגְלַחַת מִצְוָה. לֹא סוֹף דָּבָר כְּדֵי לִיתֵּן סֵימָן לְנִגְעוֹ. אֶלָּא כְּדֵי לִיתֵּן סֵימָן לְנַתְקוֹ וְלֵידַע אִם פָּשָׂה וְאִם לֹא פָשָׂה. וּבְמֵת מִצְוָה. הָדָא הִיא דְתַנִּינָן. הָיוּ מְהַלְּכִין בַּדֶּרֶךְ וּמָצְאוּ מֵת מִצְוָה. He is permitted commanded shavings. Not only to signify his skin disease¹⁸¹Since in an oath formula, the positive stands for the negative. but also to signify his scall, to know whether it spread or did not spread¹⁸²The shavings needed for diagnostic purposes, Leviticus.13.33">Lev. 13:33. “And a corpse of obligation.” That is what we have stated: “If they were walking and came upon a corpse of obligation.¹⁸³Nazir 7:1:1" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Nazir.7.1.1">Mishnah 7:1.”

חוֹמֶר בַּטּוּמְאָה מִן מִבַּתִּגְלַחַת. הַטּוּמְאָה. דִּכְתִיב וְהַיָּמִים הָרִאשׁוֹנִים יִפְּלוּ. וְהֵבִיא כֶּבֶשׂ בֶּן שְׁנָתוֹ לְאָשָׁם. חוֹמֶר בַּתִּגְלַחַת שֶׁעָשָׂה בָהּ הַמְגַלֵּחַ כְּמִתְגַּלֵּחַ. וְהַטָּמֵא לֹא עָשָׂה בָהּ הַמְטַמֵּא כְּמִיטָּמֵא. “Impurity is more severe than shaving.” Impurity, as it is written: “The earlier days fall away,” “and he shall bring a yearling sheep as a reparation offering¹⁸⁴Numbers.6.12">Num. 6:12..” Shaving is more severe because He made the shaver equal to the shaved¹⁸⁵The person who shaves a nazir can be criminally prosecuted. Nazir.44a">Babli 44a, Sifry Num. 25, Tosephta 4:4., but in impurity He did not make the defiler equal to the defiled¹⁸⁶A person who causes a nazir to be defiled by the impurity of the dead cannot be prosecuted..