משנה: כֵּיצַד חָל לִהְיוֹת כַּשֵּׁנִי כְּפָרִים וַעֲייָרוֹת גְּדוֹלוֹת קוֹרִין בּוֹ בַּיּוֹם וּמוּקָּפוֹת חוֹמָה לְמָחָר. חָל לִהְיוֹת בַּשְּׁלִישִׁי אוֹ בָּרְבִיעִי כְּפָרִים מַקְדִּימִין לְיוֹם הַכְּנִיסָה וַעֲייָרוֹת גְּדוֹלוֹת קוֹרִין בּוֹ בַּיּוֹם וּמוּקָּפוֹת חוֹמָה לְמָחָר. MISHNAH: How is this? If it falls on Monday, hamlets and large villages read on this day, but walled cities the next day. If it falls on Tuesday or Wednesday, hamlets precede to the market day, large villages read on this day, but walled cities the next day.
הלכה: כָּל־הֵן דְּתַנִּינָן חָל לִהִיוֹת בְּאַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר אֲנָן קַייָמִין. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵה. מַתְנִיתָא אָֽמְרָה כֵן. מוּקָּפוֹת חוֹמָה לְמָחָר. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵה. לֵית כָּאן חָל לִהְיוֹת בַּשֵּׁינִי [וְלֵית כָּאן] חָל לִהְיוֹת בַּשַּׁבָּת. חָל לִהְיוֹת בַּשֵּׁינִי צוֹמָא רַבָּא בְּחַד בְּשׁוּבָא. חָל לִהְיוֹת בַּשַּׁבָּת צוֹמָא רַבָּא בָּעֲרוּבְתָא. HALAKHAH: In all cases where we are stating “if it falls” it refers to the Fourteenth86Of Adar (II).. Rebbi Yose said, the Mishnah implies this, “walled cities the next day.” Rebbi Yose87Who published the calendar rules which insure that the Day of Atonement never falls on Friday or Sunday (Eruvin 3:9:3" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Eruvin.3.9.3">Eruvin Chapter 3, Note 199.) said, there is no “if it falls on Monday”, [there is no] “if it falls on the Sabbath.88Megillah 1:3:1" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Megillah.1.3.1">Mishnah 4.” If it falls on Monday, the Great Fast Day is on Sunday; if it falls on the Sabbath, the Great Fast Day falls on Friday89In the computed calendar only the lengths of the Months Marḥeshwan and Kislew are variable. Therefore if the day of the week of any date after 1 Tevet is known, the day of week of any later date in the year may easily be computed. In addition, the Adar preceding Nisan always has 29 days. After the 14th, there are 15 days left in Adar. From Nisan 1 to Tishre 1 are three months of 30 days and three of 29 days. Together with the 10 days of Tishre to the Day of Atonement this makes.