משנה: מְעִידִים אָנוּ בְאִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי שֶׁהוּא חַייָב לַחֲבֵרוֹ אֶלֶף זוּז עַל מְנָת לִיתְּנָם מִכָּן וְעַד שְׁלשִׁים יוֹם וְהוּא אוֹמֵר מִכָּן וְעַד עֶשֶׂר שָׁנִים אוֹמֵד כַּמָּה אָדָם רוֹצֶה לִיתֵּן וְיִהְיוּ אֶלֶף זוּז בְיָדוֹ בֵּין לִיתְּנָהּ מִכָּן וְעַד שְׁלשִׁים יוֹם בֵּין לִיתְּנָם מִכָּן וְעַד עֶשֶׂר שָׁנִים׃ מְעִידִין אָנוּ בְאִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי שֶׁהוּא חַייָב לַחֲבֵרוֹ מָאתַיִם זוּז וְנִמְצְאוּ זוֹמְמִין לוֹקִין וּמְשַׁלְּמִין שֶׁלֹּא הַשֵּׁם הַמְבִיאוֹ לִידֵי מַכּוֹת מְבִיאוֹ לִידֵי תַשְׁלוּמִין דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים כָּל הַמְשַׁלֵּם אֵינוֹ לוֹקֶה׃ מְעִידִין אָנוּ בְאִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי שֶׁהוּא חַייָב מַלְקוּת אַרְבָּעִים וְנִמְצְאוּ זוֹמְמִין לוֹקִים שְׁמוֹנִים מִשּׁוּם לֹא תַעֲנֶה בְרֵעֲךָ עֵד שָׁקֶר וּמִשּׁוּם וַֽעֲשִׂ֣יתֶם ל֔וֹ כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֥ר זָמַם֭ לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת לְאָחִ֑יו דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים אֵינָן לוֹקִין אֶלָּא אַרְבָּעִים. מְשַׁלְּשִׁים בַּמָּמוֹן וְאֵין מְשַׁלְּשִׁים בַמַּכּוֹת. כֵּיצַד הֵעִידוּהוּ שֶׁהוּא חַייָב לַחֲבֵרוֹ מָאתַיִם זוּז וְנִמְצְאוּ זוֹמְמִין מְשַׁלְּשִׁין בֵּינֵיהֶם. הֵעִידוּהוּ שֶׁהוּא חַייָב מַלְקוּת אַרְבָּעִים וְנִמְצְאוּ זוֹמְמִין כָּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד לוֹקֶה אַרְבָּעִים׃ MISHNAH: “We testify against this man that he owes another 1’000 denars payable within 30 days” but he says, within ten years24The witnesses found to be plotting wanted to deprive their victim of the use of 1’000 denars for almost ten years.. One estimates how much a person would be willing to pay to have 1’000 denars at his disposal to return them after ten years instead of returning them after thirty days.
“We testify against this man that he owes another 200 denars” and they are found to be plotting, they are flogged and have to pay since the title which brings him to flogging is not the one which brings him to restitution25They are flogged for false testimony and have to pay restitution as plotters., the words of Rebbi Ṃeïr. But the Sages say, anybody who pays is not flogged9As a general principle, no crime can be punished by more than one punishment. There never can be separate penalties for testifying falsely (Ex.20:13) and plotting (Deuteronomy.19.19">Deut. 19:19). This justifies the alternative presented in the preceding paragraph.
The text is copied from Terumot 7:1:3" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Terumot.7.1.3">Terumot 7:1 Note 14; also Bava qamma 7:2, Note 30..
“We testify against this man that he is liable to be flogged 40 lashes” and they are found plotting, they are whipped 80 because of do not testify against your neighbor as a false witness and because of do to him as he plotted to do to his neighbor, the words of Rebbi Ṃeïr. But the Sages say, they only are flogged 40 times9As a general principle, no crime can be punished by more than one punishment. There never can be separate penalties for testifying falsely (Ex.20:13) and plotting (Deuteronomy.19.19">Deut. 19:19). This justifies the alternative presented in the preceding paragraph.
The text is copied from Terumot 7:1:3" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Terumot.7.1.3">Terumot 7:1 Note 14; also Bava qamma 7:2, Note 30..
One distributes money but one does not distribute floggings. How? If they testified that he owes another person 200 denars and were found plotting, one distributes between them26There must be at least 2 witnesses for their testimony to be heard. If there were n witnesses, each one has to pay 200/n denars.. If they testified that he is liable to be flogged 40 lashes and were found plotting, each one of them is flogged 40 lashes.
הלכה: מְעִידִין אָנוּ בְאִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי כול׳. מְעִידִין אָנוּ בְאִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי כול׳. מְעִידִין אָנוּ כול׳. מְשַׁלְּשִׁין בַּמָּמוֹן כול׳. רִבִּי בָּא בַּר מָמָל רַב עַמְרָם רַב מַתָּנָה בְשֵׁם רַב. הַמַּלְוֶה אֶת חֲבֵירוֹ עַל מְנָת שֶׁלֹּא לְתוֹבְעוֹ הַשְׁבִיעית מְשַׁמְּטָתוֹ. וְהָא תַנִּינָן הַשּׁוֹחֵט אֶת הַפָּרָה וְחִילְּקָהּ בְּרֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה. וָמַר רִבִּי לָֽעְזָר. רִבִּי יְהוּדָה הִיא. וְרָאוּי הוּא לְתוֹבְעוֹ בְּרֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה. כַּיי דָמַר רִבִּי בָּא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי זְעִירָא. מִכֵּיוָן שֶׁאֵינוֹ רָאוּי לְתוֹבְעוֹ כְּמִי שֶׁאֵינוֹ רָאוּי לְהַאֲמִינוֹ. וְכֵיוָן שֶׁאֵינוֹ רָאוּי לְהַאֲמִינוֹ כְּמִי שֶׁאֵינוֹ רָאוּי לְיתֵּן לוֹ מָעוֹת. וְכָאן הוֹאִיל וְהוּא רָאוּי לְיתֵּן לוֹ מָעוֹת וְלֹא נָתַן נַעֲשִׂית הָרִאשׁוֹנָה מִלְוָה. HALAKHAH: 27This Halakhah also is Halakhah Ševiˋit 10:2 (7), explained there in Makkot 1:6:1-7:2" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Makkot.1.6.1-7.2">Notes 57–68. In G, the first paragraph is Makkot 1:2:2" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Makkot.1.2.2">Halakhah 2, the remainder Halakhah 3. Rebbi Abba bar Mamal, Rav28This is his Babylonian title; in the Yerushalmi he seems not to carry a title; cf. the variant readings. Amram, Rab Mattanah in the name of Rav: If somebody makes a loan to another person stipulating that he won’t press for repayment, the Sabbatical will remit it. Did we not state: “If somebody slaughters a cow and divides it up on New Year’s Day”? And Rebbi Eleazar said, this follows Rebbi Jehudah. But can he require payment on New Year’s Day? As Rebbi Abba said in the name of Rebbi Zeˋira: Since he could not ask him for payment, it is as if he could not believe him. And since he could not believe him, it is as if he could not pay him. And here, because he could have given him but did not give, the first [debt] is turned into a loan.
רִבִּי יוֹסֵי בֵּירִבִּי בּוּן בְשֵׁם רַב. הַמַּלְוֶה אֶת חֲבֵירוֹ עַל מְנָת שֶׁלֹּא תַשְׁמִיטֶּינּו שְׁמִיטָּה אֵין הַשְׁבִיעית מְשַׁמְּטָתוֹ. וְהָא תַנִּינָן. בֵּין נוֹתְנָן מִיכָּן וְעַד שְׁלשִׁים יוֹם בֵּין נוֹתְנָן מִיכָּן וְעַד עֶשֶׂר שָׁנִים׃ וְיֵשׁ עֶשֶׂר שָׁנִים בְּלֹא שְׁמִיטָּה. רִבִּי הוּנָא אָמַר. אִיתְפַּלְּגוֹן רַב נַחְמָן וְרַב שֵׁשֶׁת. חַד אָמַר. בְּמַלְוֶה עַל הַמַּשְׁכּוֹן. וְחָרָנָה אָמַר. בְּכוֹתֵב לוֹ פְּרוֹזְבּוֹל. Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Abun in the name of Rav: If somebody gives a loan to a person on condition that the Sabbatical not remit it, the Sabbatical does not remit it, as we have stated: “to return them after ten years instead of returning them after thirty days”. Are there ten years without a Sabbatical? Rebbi29Read: “Rav”, cf. the variant readings. Huna said, Rav Naḥman and Rav Sheshet disagreed. One of them said, if the loan was given on a pledge; but the other said, if he writes him a prozbul.
תַּנֵּי. שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם לֹא אַיְתִי. מָהוּ שְׁלֹשִׁים [יוֹם] לֹא אַיְתִי. שְׁמוּאֵל אָמַר. הַמַּלְוֶה אֶת חֲבֵירוֹ סְתָם אֵינוֹ רַשַּׁאי לְתוֹבְעוֹ עַד שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם. עָאַל רִבִּי יְהוּדָה וָמַר טַעֲמָא. קָֽרְבָ֣ה שְׁנַת־הַשֶּׁ֘בַע֘ שְׁנַ֣ת הַשְּׁמִיטָּה. לֹא הִיא שְׁנַת־הַשֶּׁ֘בַע֘ הִיא שְׁנַ֣ת הַשְּׁמִיטָּה. וּמַה תַלְמוּד לוֹמַר קָֽרְבָ֣ה שְׁנַת־הַשֶּׁ֘בַע֘ שְׁנַ֣ת הַשְּׁמִיטָּה. שֶׁלֹּא תֹאמַר. כָּל־שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם אֵין רַשַּׁאי לְתוֹבְעוֹ. לְאַחַר ל׳ יוֹם כְּהַשְׁמֵט כְּסָפִים הוּא לֹא יִגְבֶּנּוּ. לְפוּם כֵן צָרַךְ מֵימַר קָֽרְבָ֣ה שְׁנַת־הַשֶּׁ֘בַע֘ שְׁנַ֣ת הַשְּׁמִיטָּה. וְלֹא כֵן אָמַר רִבִּי בָּא בַּר מָמָל רַב עַמְרָם רַב מַתָּנָה בְשֵׁם רַב. הַמַּלְוֶה אֶת חֲבֵירוֹ עַל מְנָת שֶׁלֹּא לְתוֹבְעוֹ הַשְּׁבִיעִית מְשַׁמְּטָתוֹ. אַשְׁכַּח תַּנֵּי רִבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל. קָֽרְבָ֣ה שְׁנַת־הַשֶּׁ֘בַע֘ שְׁנַ֣ת הַשְּׁמִיטָּה. לֹא הִיא שְׁנַת־הַשֶּׁ֘בַע֘ הִיא שְׁנַ֣ת הַשְּׁמִיטָּה. וּמַה תַלְמוּד לוֹמַר קָֽרְבָ֣ה שְׁנַת־הַשֶּׁ֘בַע֘ שְׁנַ֣ת הַשְּׁמִיטָּה. שֶׁלֹּא תֹאמַר. כָּל־שֵׁשׁ שָׁנִים כַּרְמוֹ לְפָנָיו שָׂדֵהוּ לְפָנָיו וּלְאַחַר שֵׁשׁ שָׁנִים בְּהַשְׁמֵט כְּסָפִים הוּא לֹא יִגְבֶּנּוּ. לְפוּם כֵן צָרַךְ מֵימַר קָֽרְבָ֣ה שְׁנַת־הַשֶּׁ֘בַע֘ שְׁנַ֣ת הַשְּׁמִיטָּה. It was stated: “For thirty days he will not come.” What means “for thirty days he will not come”? Samuel said, if somebody gives a loan to a person without specifying details, he has no right to ask for payment until after 30 days. Rebbi29Read: “Rav”, cf. the variant readings. Jehudah came and explained: The Sabbatical year, the remitting year, is close. Is not the Sabbatical year the remitting year? Why does the verse say, the Sabbatical year, the remitting year, is close? Lest you say, I am not permitted to ask for payment until after 30 days; after 30 days the debt will be remitted and I will not collect. Therefore, it must say, the Sabbatical year, the remitting year, is close. Did not Rebbi Abba bar Mamal, Rav Amram, Rav Mattanah say in the name of Rav: If somebody makes a loan to another person stipulating that he will not press for repayment, the Sabbatical will remit it? It was found stated by Rebbi Ismael: The Sabbatical year, the remitting year, is close. Is not the Sabbatical year the remitting year? Why does the verse say, the Sabbatical year, the remitting year, is close? Lest you say, the entire six years his vineyard is available, his field is available but after six years the debt is remitted and I cannot collect. Therefore, it must say, the Sabbatical year, the remitting year, is close.