משנה: הַלּוֹקֵחַ מִן הַנַּחְתּוֹם מְעַשֵּׂר מִן הַחַמָּה עַל הַצּוֹנֶנֶת וּמִן הַצּוֹנֶנֶת עַל הַחַמָּה אֲפִילוּ מִטֻפּוֹסִים הַרְבֶּה דִּבְרֵי רִבִּי מֵאִיר. רִבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹסֵר שֶׁאֲנִי אוֹמֵר חִטִּים שֶׁל אֶמֶשׁ הָיוּ מִשֶּׁל אֶחָד וְשֶׁל הַיּוֹם הָיוּ מִשֶּׁל אַחֵר. רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹסֵר בִּתְרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר וּמַתִּיר בְּחַלָּה. MISHNAH: He who buys from the baker may tithe from the warm on the cold and from the cold on the warm56That means, from old bread for fresh, even though it may be not only from two different batches but also from the lesser quality on the better, which is a questionable but legal practice, as will be explained in tractate Terumot., even from many types57Greek τύπος. It is not clear whether “type” or “shape” is the form of a baking pan or the form of bread baked on sheets. The commentators take “shape” to be the baking mould even though it forces Maimonides to note that the technique of baking bread had changed from Mishnaic times to his time. It seems more likely that “type” refers to the kind of the bread since different kinds of bread require different kinds of flour. This is the position of R. Jehudah., the words of Rebbi Meïr. Rebbi Jehudah forbids it; I say that the wheat of yesterday was from one source and today’s is from another58One could be from a source that was tithed and another from a source that was not, since all the tithing here is for demay.. Rebbi Simeon forbids for heave of the tithe and permits for ḥallah59Ḥallah becomes obligated at the baker’s; hence, everybody will agree that all bread from one baker can be fixed with one ḥallah. It follows that R. Jehudah, who does not mention ḥallah, will agree, and if R. Jehudah and R. Simeon disagree, R. Simeon must be the more restrictive since he forbids all tithing from one batch to another, even of the same day..
הלכה: עַד הֵיכַן תַּלְמִידוֹי שֶׁל רִבִּי חִייָא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי עַד שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם. הֵיךְ עֲבִידָא לָקַח מִמֶּנּוּ בִּתְחִילַּת שְׁלֹשִׁים וּבְאֶמְצַע שְׁלֹשִׁים וּבְסוֹף שְׁלֹשִׁים. רִאשׁוֹן עַל גַּבֵּי שֵׁנִי מִין אֶחָד הוּא רִאשׁוֹן עַל גַּבֵּי שְׁלִישִי שְׁנֵי מִינִין הֵן. HALAKHAH: How long? A student of Rebbi Ḥiyya in the name of Rebbi Joshua ben Levi, up to 30 days61Not including the thirtieth day.. How is that? If he bought from him at the beginning of 30 days, in the middle, and at the end. The first and the second are one kind, the first and the third are two kinds.
רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אֹסֵר בִּתְרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר וּמַתִּיר בְּחַלָּה. וְרִבִּי יוּדָה אוֹסֵר בְּחַלָּה. וְלֹא אֶצְלוֹ הִיא נִטְבֶּלֶת אֶלָּא בְּשׁוֹאֵל שְׂאוֹר טָמֵא לַעֲשׂוֹת עִיסָּתוֹ. אֲפִילוּ כֵן לֹא אֶצְלוֹ הִיא נִטְבֶּלֶת. אֶלָּא בְשׁוֹאֵל כִּכָּר טָמֵא לְמַלְאוֹת תַּנּוּר. וְאִם בְּשׁוֹאֵל כִּכָּר טָמֵא לְמַלְאוֹת תַּנּוּרוֹ. מְעַשֵּׂר מִכָּל־כִּכָּר וְכִכָּר. אֶלָּא כְּרִבִּי יוֹחָנָן דְּרִבִּי יוֹחָנָן אָמַר כַּאן בְּעוֹשֶׂה בְטָהֳרָה כַּאן בְּעוֹשֶׂה בְטוּמְאָה. אֶלָּא כְרִבִּי אֶלְעָזָר דְּרִבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אָמַר כַּאן וְכַאן בְּעוֹשֶׂה בְטָהֳרָה. אָמַר רִבִּי יוּדָן אָבוֹי דְּרִבִּי מַתַּנְיָה בְּעוֹשֶׂה בְטוּמְאָה קַייְמִינָן וְאֶצְלוֹ הִיא נִטְבֶּלֶת. אוֹף רִבִּי יוּדָה מוֹדֶה בָהּ. וְתַנִּי כֵן רִבִּי יוּדָה וְרִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹסְרִין בִּתְרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר וּמַתִּירִין בְּחַלָּה. הָא רִבִּי יוֹדָה אוֹסֵר בִּתְרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר וּמַתִּיר בְּחַלָּה. רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹסֵר בִּתְרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר וּמַתִּיר בְּחַלָּה. מַה בֵּינֵיהוֹן. עַל דַּעְתֵּיהּ דְּרִבִּי יוּדָה אֵינוֹ מַפְרִישׁ לֹא מִשֶּׁל הַיּוֹם עַל שֶׁל אֶמֶשׁ וְלֹא מִשֶּׁל אֶמֶשׁ עַל שֶׁל יוֹם מַפְרִישׁ מִן הַתַּנּוּר עַל הַתַּנּוּר. עַל דַּעְתֵּיהּ דְּרִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אֲפִילוּ מִן הַתַּנּוּר עַל הַתַּנּוּר אֵינוֹ מַפְרִישׁ. “Rebbi Simeon forbids for heave of the tithe and permits for ḥallah62Quote from the Mishnah..” Then Rebbi Jehudah forbids for ḥallah63Since R. Simeon is quoted as disagreeing with R. Jehudah (otherwise the Mishnah would say, R. Jehudah and R. Simeon say …); it seems that R. Jehudah forbids to give one ḥallah for different batches from the same bakery.. Does it not become ṭevel at his place64It is irrelevant from where the baker bought his flour; the obligation of ḥallah starts when he makes his dough and only depends on the baker’s actions.? But perhaps he borrows impure sour dough to make his bread-dough65“Impure” does not mean literally impure, but that he bought from an am haäreẓ who does not care whether his food is ritually pure or not as long as it is not dedicated to the Temple. But the am haäreẓ does not take the heave of the tithe seriously, so we are back to the situation described by R. Jehudah that one batch of flour is from a source which was tithed, the other from a source not tithed.. Even so, does it not become ṭevel at his place66The distinction made in the preceding sentence is relevant for heave of the tithe, irrelevant for ḥallah.? But perhaps he borrows an impure loaf67A loaf from another am haäreẓ baker. to fill up his oven. If he borrows an impure loaf to fill up his oven, must he then not tithe every single loaf68The other source could have given ḥallah on its dough and after baking the loaves are indistinguishable; one may not separate heave (ḥallah) from a loaf already put in order, and there would be no way out but to take demay ḥallah from every single loaf and not from one for all.? That is for Rebbi Joḥanan, since Rebbi Joḥanan said, there69Mishnah 2:4, see Halakhah 2:4, 3:1. if he works in purity, here if he works in impurity. But for Rebbi Eleazar, who says that in both cases if he works in purity70How could R. Jehudah forbid taking one ḥallah for all?? Rebbi Yudan, the father of Rebbi Mattaniah71A Galilean Amora of the third generation, father of the better known R. Mattaniah of the fourth generation. His teachers are unknown. said, we refer to one who works in impurity72We also refer to one who works in impurity; he who cares for purity also cares for tithes. and it becomes ṭevel at his place, and Rebbi Jehudah also agrees. We have stated accordingly: “Rebbi Jehudah and Rebbi Simeon forbid for heave of the tithe and permit for ḥallah.” Hence, Rebbi Jehudah forbids for heave of the tithe and permits for ḥallah; Rebbi Simeon forbids for heave of the tithe and permits for ḥallah73What is the difference between them?. What is the difference between them? In the opinion of Rebbi Jehudah, one may not separate from today’s for yesterday’s or from yesterday’s for today’s, but one may separate from one oven batch on another oven batch74He states clearly that one may not tithe from one day to another; batches of the same day may be taken together.. In the opinion of Rebbi Simeon, even from one oven batch on another one may not separate.