משנה: מִי שֶׁאֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לַעֲשׂוֹת עִיסָּתוֹ בְטָהֳרָה יַעֲשֶׂנָּה קַבִּין וְאַל יַעֲשֶׂנָּה בְטוּמְאָה. רִבִּי עֲקִיבָה אוֹמֵר יַעֲשֶׂנָּה בְטוּמְאָה וְאַל יַעֲשֶׂנָּה קַבִּין שֶׁכְּשֵׁם שֶׁהוּא קוֹרֵא לַטְּהוֹרָה כָּךְ הוּא קוֹרֵא לַטְּמֵיאָה. לְזוֹ קוֹרֵא חַלָּה בְשֵׁם וּלְזוֹ קוֹרֵא חַלָּה בְשֵׁם. אֲבָל קַבִּים אֵין לָהֶן חַלָּה בְשֵׁם. הָעוֹשֶׂה עִיסָּתוֹ קַבִּין וְנָֽגְעוּ זֶה בַזֶּה פְּטוּרִין מִן הַחַלָּה עַד שֶׁיִּשּׁוֹכוּ. רִבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר אַף הָרוֹדֶה וְנוֹתֵן לַסָּל הַסָּל מְצָֽרְפָן. MISHNAH: If somebody cannot make his dough in purity he should make single qabim and not make it in impurity. Rebbi Aqiba says, he should make it in impurity and not make it single qabim48Each separate dough being made from less than the minimum amount subject to hallah. (The mss. of the Maimonides tradition, including the autograph ms., read קביים "two qab". This forces Maimonides to declare that the measures of qab mentioned in this Tractate are non-standard.)., since just as he names the pure one, he names the impure. But single qabim have no named hallah49The first Tanna would abolish any mention of hallah in impurity since he holds that it is sinful to cause food to be burned just for the formal observance of a commandment (Tosephta 1:9). In Halakhah 3:1, the Yerushalmi decides practice following R. Aqiba..If somebody makes his dough single qabim and they are touching one another61The different loaves touch one another in the oven., they are free from ḥallah unless they are biting62The baked loaves cling to one another and cannot be cleanly separated.. Rebbi Eliezer says, also if one takes them out of the oven and puts them in a basket, the basket combines them together63If the basket contains more than 5/4qab of bread from one bake run, it is obligated for ḥallah.
הלכה: מָה פָּחוֹת מֵאַרְבָּעַת מִיל יַעֲשֶׂנָּה בְטָהֳרָה. אַרְבָּעַת מִיל יַעֲשֶׂנָּה קַבִּין. אִי אַרְבָּעַת מִיל יַעֲשֶׂנָּה בְטָהֳרָה יוֹתֵר מֵאַרְבָּעַת מִיל יַעֲשֶׂנָּה קַבִּין. נִישְׁמְעִינָהּ מִן הָדָא דְּאָמַר רִבִּי חִייָא בַּר װָא כְּגוֹן קַיְסָרִין. וְקַיְסָרִין לָאו אַרְבָּעַת מִילִין הִיא. הָדָא אָֽמְרָה אַרְבָּעַת מִיל יַעֲשֶׂנָּה בְטָהֳרָה יוֹתֵר מֵאַרְבָּעַת מִיל יַעֲשֶׂנָּה קַבִּין. רִבִּי אִמִּי הוֹרֵי בִּכְפַר שַׁמַּי לַעֲשׂוֹת עִיסָּה גְדוֹלָה בְטוּמְאָה. וַהֲלֹא אֵין שָׁם אַרְבָּעַת מִיל. מִכֵּיוָן דְּנַהֲרָא מַפְסִיק כְּמִי שֶׁיֵּשׁ שָׁם אַרְבָּעַת מִיל. מַתְנִיתָא דְּרִבִּי עֲקִיבָה דְּרִבִּי עֲקִיבָה אָמַר יַעֲשֶׂנָּה בְטוּמְאָה וְאַל יַעֲשֶׂנָּה קַבִּין. עִיסָּה גְדוֹלָה הָֽיְתָה נוֹחַ הָיָה לוֹ לְהַלֵּךְ כַּמָּה וְלֹא לַעֲשׂוֹתָהּ קַבִּין. HALAKHAH: How is this56This refers to the statement in Halakhah 3 (Note 44) that for ḥallah one does not have to go more than four mil (about one hour) to immerse himself in a miqweh to remove one’s impurity.? Less that four mil he should make it in purity, four mil he sould make single qabim, or four mil he should make it in purity, more than four mil he sould make single qabim? Let us hear from the following, since Rebbi Ḥiyya bar Abba said, for example Caesarea57This is difficult to understand since Caesarea (Philippi) is on the Jordan. Probably it means that from the farthest outskirts of the city to the miqweh it might be four mil.. Is Caesarea not four mil? That means, four mil he should make it in purity, more than four mil he sould make single qabim. Rebbi Ammi instructed in Kefar Sammai58Also called Kefar Simai, on the road from Sepphoris to Acco. Since this is reported as an actual instruction given in the third generation of Amoraїm, in the middle of the third Century, it follows that people were careful to remove any impurity on their bodies before making dough even if they could not remove the impurity caused by contact or closeness to the dead, in the absence of ashes of the red heifer. to make a large dough in impurity. Is that not less than four mil? Since a brook interrupts it is as if there were four mil. This teaching follows Rebbi Aqiba since Rebbi Aqiba says, he should make it in impurity and not make it single qabim. It was a large dough and it would have been easier for him to walk a distance than to make it single qabim.59The instruction of R. Ammi does not prove that practice follows R. Aqiba.
מִחְלְפָה שִׁיטָּתֵיהּ דְּרִבִּי עֲקִיבָה. תַּמָּן הוּא אָמַר נוֹטֵל מִקַּב חַלָּה וָכָא הוּא אָמַר הָכֵין. תַּמָּן לְשֶׁעָבַר בְּרַם הָכָא לְכַתְּחִילָּה. The arguments of Rebbi Aqiba are switched. There60Mishnah 4:4: “If somebody took ḥallah from [a dough being only] one qab, R. Aqiba says it is ḥallah, but the Sages say it is not.” Here, he declares that a dough of one qab is exempt., he says one takes ḥallah from a qab, and here he says so? There after the fact, here before the fact.
רִבִּי יוֹנָה רִבִּי חִייָה בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן רִבִּי יוֹסֵי רִבִּי אִימִּי בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן וְהֵן שֶׁנָּֽשְׁכוּ. אִית תַּנָּיֵי תַנֵּי הַסָּל מְצָרֵף וְאֵין הַתַּנּוּר מְצָרֵף. וְאִית תַּנָּיֵי תַנֵּי הַתַּנּוּר מְצָרֵף וְאֵין הַסָּל מְצָרֵף. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן אִיתִיתֵיהּ מִדְּחִילְפַיי נָֽשְׁכוּ כָאן וְכָאן מְצָרֵף. לֹא נָֽשְׁכוּ כָאן וְכָאן אֵינוֹ מְצָרֵף. מַתְנִיתָא כְּגוֹן אִילֵּין רִיפְתָּא דְּבָבֶל. Rebbi Jonah, Rebbi Ḥiyya in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan; Rebbi Ammi in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan68In the Pesachim.48b">Babli, Pesaḥim 48b, this is the position of R. Joshua ben Levi explaining Mishnah 4.: Only if they were biting62The baked loaves cling to one another and cannot be cleanly separated.. There are Tannaїm stating: The bag combines them together but not the oven69In the Babli, loc. cit., this may be the position of R. Eliezer and the other position that of R. Joshua., and there are Tannaїm stating: The oven combines them together but not the bag. Rebbi Joḥanan said, one follows Ḥilfai: If they bite in both places they are combined together, if they do not bite in both places they are not combined together. The Mishnah applies, e. g., to Babylonian bread70Rashi explains in Pesachim.48b">Pesaḥim 48b that they are large and circular; they will always bite in the oven and have to be broken apart to be put into a bag..