משנה: עִיסָּה שֶׁתְּחִילָּתָהּ סוּפְגָּנִים וְסוֹפָהּ סוּפְגָּנִים פְּטוּרָה מִן הַחַלָּה. תְּחִילָּתָהּ עִיסָּה וְסוֹפָהּ סוּפְגָּנִים תְּחִילָּתָהּ סוּפְגָּנִים וְסוֹפָהּ עִיסָּה חַייֶבֶת בַּחַלָּה. וְכֵן הַקְּנוּבְקָאוֹת חַייָבוֹת. הַמְּעִיסָּה בֵּית שַׁמַּי פוֹטְרִין וּבֵית הִלֵּל מְחַייְבִין. הַחֲלִיטָה בֵּית שַׁמַּי מְחַייְבִין וּבֵית הִלֵּל פּוֹטְרִין. חַלּוֹת תּוֹדָה וּרְקִיקֵי נָזִיר עֲשָׂאָן לְעַצְמוֹ פָטוּר לִמְכּוֹר בַּשּׁוּק חַייָב. MISHNAH: Dough intended for Bismarcks and made into Bismarcks is free from ḥallah.176According to Maimonides, only if baked in the sun. If it was started as bread dough but made into Bismarcks, or started as Bismarck dough and used as bread dough, is obligated for ḥallah. Similarly, qenubqa’ot177A word of unknown etymology, cf. Note 182. {Perhaps cf. Latin clibanicius (viz., panis) “bread baked in a clibanus, an earthen or iron vessel for baking bread; oven, furnace” (Lewis & Short) (E. G.).} are obligated.
The House of Shammai free parboiled dough but the House of Hillel obligate it. The House of Shammai obligate dumplings but the House of Hillel free it185In both cases, the dough will be baked in the end. In the Pesachim.37b">Babli, Pesaḥim 37b, the definition of מעיסה and חליטה are switched; the Babli essentially follows the Yerushalmi here. The disagreement of the Houses of Hillel and Shammai is also quoted in Eduyot 5:2" href="/Mishnah_Eduyot.5.2">Mishnah Idiut 5:2.. The loaves for a thanksgiving sacrifice186Leviticus.7.12">Lev. 7:12. and those needed by the nazir187Numbers.6.15">Num. 6:15., if he made them for himself they are exempt188Since they are dedicated when baking they are exempt as sacrifice., to sell on the market obligated.
הלכה: הָדָא אִיתָא שָׁאֲלָת לְרִבִּי מָנָא בְּגִין דַּאֲנָא בָּעְייָא לְמֵיעְבַּד אִצְװָתִי אִטְרֵי מָהוּ דְיִנְסְבֶנָּה וּתְהֵא פְטוּרָה מִן הַחַלָּה. אָמַר לָהּ לָמָּה לֹא. אָתָא שְׁאִיל לְאָבוֹי. אָמַר לֵיהּ אָסוּר שֶׁמָּא תִימָּלֵךְ לַעֲשׂוֹתָהּ עִיסָּה. HALAKHAH: A woman asked Rebbi Mana: Since I want to make iṭry178Cf. Greek ἴτριον “a kind of cake;” in later usage, any cake (L.&S.). In Modern Hebrew, איטריות are “noodles”; cf. Arabic اطرية “vermicelli”. in my kneading-trough, may I take from it so that it should be free from ḥallah179While the total dough in the trough is more than the minimum for ḥallah, the dough taken to make bread will be less than the minimum. This should be exempt from ḥallah.? He said to her, why not? He went to ask his father180R. Jonah.. He said to him, it is forbidden; maybe she would change her mind to use it181More than the minimum for ḥallah. as bread dough.
וְכֵן הַקְּנוּקָעוֹת חַייָבוֹת. רִבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי אָמַר קְרַמְבִּיטַס. רִבִּי חֲנַנְיָה בֶּן עָגוּל בְּשֵׁם חִזְקִיָּה אָמַר בוקרלטא שֶׁלֹּא תֹאמַר הוֹאִיל וְהוּא עָתִיד לְהַחֲזִירָהּ לְסוֹלְתָהּ תְּהֵא פְטוּרָה מִן הַחַלָּה. אָמַר רִבִּי בָּא בַּר זַבְדָּא עִיסַּת מַבְרִין חַייֶבֶת בַּחַלָּה. שֶׁלֹּא תֹאמַר הוֹאִיל וְהוּא עָתִיד לְהַחֲזִירָהּ לְסוֹלְתָהּ תְּהֵא פְטוּרָה מִן הַחַלָּה. “Similarly, qenubqa’ot are obligated”. Rebbi Joshua ben Levi said, Zwieback. Rebbi Ḥananiah ben Agul in the name of Ḥizqiah said boqrlṭa. That you should not182J. N. Epstein [Tarbiz 1(1929) p. 124–125] identifies קרמביטס as Greek κράμβιτας “Zwieback” {cf. Greek κραμβαλέος “dried, parched, roasted” (E. G.)} and בוקרלטא (in the Peterburg fragment בוקולתא) as Greek βούκκελλα {really from the Latin bucella (E. G.)} “small loaf”). The following is the text of Or Zaru‘a (R. Isaac from Vienna, 13th Cent.; §219): הַקְּנוּבְקָאוֹת חַייָבוֹת בחלה. פירש רבנוּ יצחק מסימפונט אין ידוע לנו ומסתבר עוֹשׂין אוֹתוֹ מן [הקמח] ואוֹפין אוֹתוֹ בשמש אוֹ בתנוּר וּכשרוֹצה סוֹלת כוֹתשין אוֹתוֹ אפילוּ הכי חייבת בחלה. ירוּשלמי׃ וכן הַקְּנוּבְקָאוֹת חַייָבוֹת בחלה ר׳ חנינא בר עיגול בשם חזקיה שקילטא שֶׁלֹּא תֹאמַר הוֹאִיל וְהוּא עָתִיד לְהַחֲזִירָהּ לְסוֹלְתָהּ תְּהֵא פְטוּרָה מִן הַחַלָּה. “qenubqa’ot are obligated for ḥallah. R. Isaac Simponti explains that we do not know what it is but it seems that one makes it from [flour], bakes it in the sun or the oven, and if one needs farina one pounds it; nevertheless it is obligated for ḥallah. Yerushalmi: ‘Similarly, qenubqa’ot are obligated for ḥallah. R. Ḥanina bar ‘Agil in the name of Ḥizqiah, šqylṭ’; that you should not say that because in the end it will be turned into a kind of farina it should be free from ḥallah.’ ” In the Wilna Talmud edition of R. Isaac Simponti בן קלטא instead of שקלטא. There, he adds: “In our language (Italian) one calls loaves made in ring form בנקלטא”. There is no reasonable conjecture about the meaning of שקילטא, but בנקלטא probably should be read בוקלטא parallel to the reading of the Geniza fragment.
The Arukh defines qenubqa’ot by Italian mostaccioli (from mostaccio “snout”), a kind of ginger-bread cookie.
R. Ḥanina bar ‘Agil was a third generation Galilean Amora who is quoted elsewhere in the Yerushalmi as transmitting statements of Ḥizqiah (Yevamot 6:6:2-6" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Yevamot.6.6.2-6">Yebamot 6:6) and in the Babli as asking R. Ḥiyya bar Abba. say that because in the end it will be turned into a kind of farina it should be free from ḥallah. Rebbi Abba bar Zavda said, dough for the sick is obligated for ḥallah, that you should not say that because in the end it will be turned into a kind of farina it should be free from ḥallah.
רַב אָמַר עִיסַּת כוּתָח חַייֶבֶת בַּחַלָּה. אָמַר רִבִּי בּוּן שֶׁמָּא תִּימָּלֵךְ לַעֲשׂוֹתָהּ חֲרָרָה לְבָנָה. אָמַר רִבִּי מָנָא צְרִיכִין אָנוּ מַכְרִזִין בְּאִילֵּין דְּעָֽבְדִין עָבִיצִין דֵּייְאוּן עָֽבְדוֹן לוֹן פָּחוֹת מִכְּשִׁיעוּר דְּאִינּוּן סָֽבְרִן שֶׁהִיא פְטוּרָה וְהִיא חַייֶבֶת. Rav said, dough for kutaḥ183A Babylonian specialty cheese for which the active bacteria come from mold growing on bread. If the bread is never intended to be eaten, it should be exempt from ḥallah. In the Berakhot.37b-38a">Babli (Berakhot 37b/38a), R. Ḥiyya is quoted that such dough is exempt. The statement is then explained away because if one makes bread to grow mold, it is subject to ḥallah but if the mold is grown on a kind of porridge it is exempt. is subject to ḥallah. Rebbi Abun said, perhaps she will change her mind to make it white Zwieback. Rebbi Mana said, we have to announce publicly that those who make ‘abiṣin184In the Babli, חביצין, Arabic خبيص, baked starch with milk and dates. should make less than the measure since they think it is exempt but it is obligated.
תַּנֵּי רִבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל בֵּירִבִּי יוֹסֵי אָמַר מִשּׁוּם אָבִיו אֵי זוֹ הִיא הַמְּעִיסָה הַנּוֹתֵן חַמִּין לְתוֹךְ קֶמַח. חֲלִיטָה קֶמַח לְתוֹךְ חַמִּין. It was stated189Tosephta 1:1. The Babli quotes this in the opposite way (cf. Note 164) and insists that the water be not just hot but boiling.: “Rebbi Ismael ben Rebbi Yose said in his father’s name: What is parboiled? If one adds hot water to flour. Dumpling, flour into hot water.”
אִתָה חֲמִי נֶחְלְטָה כָּל־צוֹרְכָהּ בֵּית שַׁמֵּי מְחַייְבִין. לֹא נֶחְלְטָה כָּל־צוֹרְכָהּ בֵּית שַׁמַּי פּוֹטְרִין. רִבִּי יָסָא בְשֵׁם חִזְקִיָּה רִבִּי חִייָה בְשֵׁם רִבִּי הוֹשַׁעְיָא שְׁנֵי תַלְמִידִים שָׁנוּ אוֹתָהּ. רִבִּי אִימִּי בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן עַל הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה הָלַכְתִּי אֶצֶל רִבִּי הוֹשַׁעְיָא רוֹבָא לְקַיְסָרִין וְאָמַר לִי שְׁנֵי תַלְמִידִים שָׁנוּ אוֹתָהּ. Come and look: If it is completely parboiled, the House of Shammai obligate, not completely parboiled, the House of Shammai exempt190Flour dumped into boiling water can become cooked and edible; if boiling water is poured over flour, the dough needs baking. It would be reasonable to require ḥallah in the second case; why do they require it only in the first?? Rebbi Assi in the name of Ḥizqiah, Rebbi Ḥiyya in the name of Rebbi Hoshaia: Two students stated this191The Mishnah is composed of two incongruous pieces. There is no difference in the rules between parboiled flour and dumplings, but one student holds that the House of Shammai forbids and that of Hillel permits (both for חליטה and מעיסה) while the other holds that the House of Hillel forbids and the House of Shammai permits.. Rebbi Ammi in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: For this matter I went to the elder Rebbi Hoshaia to Caesarea192Caesarea Philippi. and he said to me, two students stated this.
וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים לֹא כְדִבְרֵי זֶה וְלֹא כְדִבְרֵי זֶה אֶלָּא הַנֶּאֱפָה בַתַּנּוּר חַייָב. בְּאִילְפָּס וּבִקְדֵירָה פָּטוּר. “193Continuation of Tosephta 1:1. But the Sages say, not following either one of them194Of the Houses of Hillel and Shammai., but what was baked in the oven is obligated, in a pan or a pot is free.”
אֵי זֶהוּ חָלוּט בָּרוּר. אָמַר רִבִּי זְעִירָא כָּל־שֶׁהָאוּר מְהַלֵּךְ תַּחְתָּיו. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי אֲפִילוּ הָאוּר מְהַלֶּךְ תַּחְתָּיו מִכֵּיוָן שֶׁהוּא עָתִיד לַעֲשׂוֹתוֹ בָצֵק חַייָב בַּחַלָּה. קֶמַח קָלִי שֶׁעֲשָׂאוֹ בָצֵק חַייָב בַּחַלָּה. רִבִּי יוֹסֵי בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן וְהוּא שֶׁאָֽפְייָן. What is certainly parboiled195If it was cooked in boiling water, it is exempt from ḥallah.? Rebbi Zeïra said, everything the fire burns under. Rebbi Yose said, even if the fire burns under it, since he will use it as dough in the future it is obligated for ḥallah196Anything that may be used in a bread dough, even if baked completely as, e. g., matzah meal, is subject to ḥallah when first made.. Roasted flour which he used as flour is obligated for ḥallah. Rebbi Yose in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: Only if he baked it.
חַלּוֹת תּוֹדָה וּרְקִיקֵי נָזִיר עֲשָׂאָן לְעַצְמוֹ פָטוּר דִּכְתִיב רֵאשִׁית עֲרִיסוֹתֵיכֶם וְלֹא שֶׁלָּהֶקְדֵּשׁ. לִמְכּוֹר בַּשּׁוּק חַייָב. לֹא בְדַעְתּוֹ הַדָּבָר תָּלוּי. בְּדַעַת הַלְּקוּחוֹת הַדָּבָר תָּלוּי. שֶׁמָּא יִמְצָא הַלְּקוּחוֹת וְנִטְבְּלוּ מִיַּד. “The loaves for a thanksgiving sacrifice and those needed by the nazir, if he made them for himself they are exempt,” for it is written197Numbers.15.20">Num. 15:20. The sentence as addressed to the people, not to the priests of he Temple all whose food is dedicated. “the first of your baking troughs;” “to sell on the market he is obligated”, it does not depend on his intention but on that of his customers. Maybe he will find a customer; therefore, it becomes ṭevel immediately198The same argument is found in Ma‘serot 1:5, cf. there, Note 115, 125..