משנה: הִפְרִישׁ בִּיכּוּרָיו וּמָכַר שָׂדֵהוּ מֵבִיא וְאֵינוֹ קוֹרֵא. וְהַשֵּׁינִי. מֵאוֹתוֹ הַמִּין אֵינוֹ מֵבִיא מִמִּין אַחֵר מֵבִיא וְקוֹרֵא. רִבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר אַף מֵאוֹתוֹ הַמִּין מֵבִיא וְקוֹרֵא. הִפְרִישׁ אֶת בִּכּוּרָיו נָמַקּוּ נִבְזָזוּ נִגְנְבוּ אָֽבְדוּ אוֹ שֶׁנִּיטְמוּ מֵבִיא אֲחֵרִים תַּחְתֵּיהֶם וְאֵינוֹ קוֹרֵא וְהַשְׁנִייִם אֵין חַייָבִין עֲלֵיהֶן חוֹמֶשׁ. נִיטְמוּ בָעֲזָרָה נוֹפֵץ וְאֵינוֹ קוֹרֵא. וּמְנַיִין שֶׁהוּא חַייָב בְּאַחֵרָיוּתָן עַד שֶׁיְּבִיאֵם לְהַר הַבַּיִת. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר רֵאשִׁית בִּכּוּרֵי אַדְמָֽתְךָ תָּבִיא בֵּית י֙י אֱלֹהֶיךָ וגו׳ מְלַמֵּד שֶׁהוּא חַייָב בְּאַחֵרָיוּתָן עַד שֶׁיָּבִיאֵם לְהַר הַבַּיִת. הֲרֵי שֶׁהֵבִיא מִמִּין אֶחָד וְקָרָא וְחָזַר וְהֵבִיא מִמִּין אַחֵר אֵינוֹ קוֹרֵא. MISHNAH: If he dedicated his First Fruits and then sold his field he brings but does not make the declaration. The other person cannot bring from the same kind, but from another kind he brings and makes the declaration. Rebbi Jehudah says, he may bring and make the declaration from the same kind.
If he dedicated his First Fruits and then they rotted, were robbed, stolen, lost, or became impure, he brings others in their stead. One is not liable for a fifth for the replacements159But the original First Fruits go under the rules of heave (Mishnah 2:1, Note 150) and the replacement has to be 125% of the original.. If they became impure in the Temple court, he scatters them and cannot make the declaration160Since delivering the basket of fruits to the Cohen to be set down near the altar is necessary; cf. Note 122..
From where that he is responsible for them until he delivers them to the Temple Mount? Because it is said (Deut. 26:3): “The beginning of the First Fruits of your land you shall bring to the Temple of the Eternal, your God, etc.” This teaches that he is responsible for them until be delivers them to the Temple Mount.
If he brought from one kind and made the declaration, when he comes back and brings from another kind he cannot make the declaration.
הלכה: מָה טַעֲמוֹן דְּרַבָּנִין הִגַּדְתִּי הַיוֹם. פַּעַם אַחַת הוּא מַגִּיד וְאֵינוֹ מַגִּיד פַּעַם שְׁנִייָה. וְלֵית לְרִבִּי יוּדָה כֵן. אִית לֵיהּ בְּאָדָם אֶחָד. אֲבָל בִּשְׁנֵי בְנֵי אָדָם מַגִּיד וְחוֹזֵר וּמַגִּיד. HALAKHAH: What is the reason of the rabbis155That the buyer cannot bring First Fruits. It is obvious that the seller cannot make the declaration since he has no land.? (Deut. 26:3) “I am declaring today”. He declares once156Today but not tomorrow. but not twice. Does not Rebbi Jehudah hold so? He does, referring to one person157It is accepted without dissent that a farmer can bring First Fruits of different kinds at different times but he can read the declaration only once (Mishnah 9).. But two persons can declare and declare again158Even for the same crop since First Fruits are an obligation of the farmer, not of the crop..
אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן מִשּׁוּם יְחִידִי אֲנִי שׁוֹנֶה אוֹתָהּ. וְתַנִּי כֵן רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר מִשּׁוּם רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן. שְׁנִיִּם אֵין חַייָבִין עֲלֵיהֶן חוֹמֶשׁ. רִבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בֶּן רַב יִצְחָק בְּשֵׁם רַב הוּנָא. שְׁנִיִּם לוֹקְחִין אֲפִילוּ מִן הַשּׁוּק. מָה אַתְּ עֲבַד לוֹן. כְּתוֹסֶפֶת הַבִּיכּוּרִים אוֹ כְעִיטּוּר הַבִּיכּוּרִים. אִין תַּעַבְדִּינוֹן כְּתוֹסֶפֶת הַבִּיכּוּרִים פְּטוּרִין מִן הַדְּמַאי. אִין תַּעַבְדִּינוֹן כְּעִיטּוּר הַבִּיכּוּרִים חַייָבִין בִּדְמַאי. Rebbi Joḥanan said, I am stating this as the opinion of a single individuum161Mishnah 8, formulated anonymously, is the opinion only of R. Simeon (ben Ioḥai) as stated in Tosephta 1:5.. It was stated thus: “Rebbi Simeon ben Jehudah says in the name of Rebbi Simeon: For the replacement one is not obligated for a fifth.” Rebbi Samuel ben Rav Isaac in the name of Rav Huna: The replacement one even buys on the market. How do you treat these? As addition of First Fruits or adornment of First Fruits162If one may buy on the market, the replacements are not really First Fruits. It is stated in Mishnah 3:10 that with First Fruits one brought additional fruits of the same kind as additions and fruits of other kinds as adornments.? If you treat them as addition to First Fruits they are not under the rules of demay. If you treat them as adornment of First Fruits they are under the rules of demay163Mishnah 3:10..
נִטְמְאוּ בָעֲזָרָה נוֹפֵץ וְאֵינוֹ קוֹרֵא. רִבִּי חָמָא בַּר עוּקְבָּא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹסֵי בַּר חֲנִינָה. נִטְמְאוּ הַבִּכּוּרִים הַסַּלִּין נִיתָּנִין לַכֹּהֲנִים. דִּכְתִּיב וְלָקַח הַכֹּהֵן הַטֶּנֶא מִיָּדֶךָ. “If they became impure in the Temple court, he scatters them and cannot make the declaration.” Rebbi Ḥama bar Uqba in the name of Rebbi Yose bar Ḥanina: If the First Fruits became impure164But not the baskets which cannot become impure in secondary or tertiary degree., the baskets are given to the priests165Since it was the original intent to give First Fruits in their baskets. since it is said (Deut. 26:4): “The Cohen shall take the basket from your hand.”
לְמִי נִצְרְכָה לְרִבִּי יוּדָה. אַף עַל גַּב דְּרִבִּי יוּדָה אָמַר מַגִיד וְחוֹזֵר וּמַגִּיד. הֲרֵי שֶׁהֵבִיא מִמִּין אֶחָד קָרָא וְחָזַר וְהֵבִיא מִמִּין אַחֵר הֲרֵי זֶה אֵינוֹ קוֹרֵא. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹנָתָן תַּנֵּי רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן יוֹחַאי כֵן. וְאָמַרתָּ וְשָׂמַחְתָּ. הֲוֵי אוֹמֵר עַל הַשִּׂמְחָה. For whom is this needed? For Rebbi Jehudah. Even though Rebbi Jehudah said, he declares and he166Another person; cf. Mishnah 7, Halakhah 9. declares again, but if he brought from one kind and made the declaration, when he comes back and brings from another kind he cannot make the declaration. Rebbi Jonathan said, Rebbi Simeon ben Ioḥai stated this: (Deut. 26:5) “You shall say”, (Deut. 26:11) “you shall enjoy”; you have to say it while you enjoy167And a repeat performance is not the same as the first. The Sifry (#301) concludes from Deut 26:11 that the (first) presentation of First Fruits requires a family sacrifice to provide a meat meal (cf. Mishnah 3:3)..