Jerusalem Talmud Bava Metzia 9:13

משנה: אַלְמָנָה בֵּין שֶׁהִיא עֲנִייָה בֵּין שֶׁהִיא עֲשִׁירָה אֵין מְמַשְׁכְּנִין אוֹתָהּ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר וְלֹא תַחֲבוֹל בֶּגֶד אַלְמָנָה. הַחוֹבֵל אֶת הָרֵיחַיִם עוֹבֵר בְּלֹא תַעֲשֶׂה וְחַייָב מְשּׁוּם שְׁנֵי כֵלִים שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר לֹא יַחֲבוֹל רֵיחַיִם וָרָכֶב. וְלֹא רֵיחַיִם וָרֶכֶב בִּלְבַד אָֽמְרוּ אֶלָּא כָּל־דָּבָר שֶׁעוֹשִׂין בּוֹ אוֹכֶל נֶפֶשׁ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר כִּי נֶפֶשׁ הוּא חוֹבֵל. MISHNAH: One may not take a pledge from a widow, whether poor or rich, since it was said¹¹²Deuteronomy.24.17">Deut. 24:17.: “And do not take a widow’s garment for a pledge.” One who takes a flour mill as pledge transgresses a prohibition and is guilty for two vessels¹¹³Even though the moving millstone is useless without its stone base and vice-versa., as it was said: “Do not take upper and lower millstones as pledge¹¹⁴Deuteronomy.24.6">Deut. 24:6..” They said, not only upper and lower millstones but everything used to make food, as it was said: “For he takes a living person for a pledge¹¹⁴Deuteronomy.24.6">Deut. 24:6..”

הלכה: אַלְמָנָה בֵּין שֶׁהִיא עֲנִייָה בֵּין שֶׁהִיא עֲשִׁירָה אֵין מְמַשְׁכְּנִין אוֹתָהּ כול׳. תַּנֵּי. אַלְמָנָה בֵּין עֲנִייָה בֵּין עֲשִׁירָה אֵין מְמַשְׁכְּנִין אוֹתָהּ. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר לֹא תַּחֲבֹל בֶּגֶד אַלְמָנָה. אֶחָד עֲנִייָה וְאֶחָד עֲשִׁירָה. דִּבְרֵי רִבִּי מֵאִיר. רִבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר. עֲנִייָה אֵין מְמַשְׁכְּנִין אוֹתָהּ כָּל־עִיקָּר. עֲשִׁירָה מְמַשְׁכְּנִין אוֹתָהּ וְאֵינוֹ מַחֲזִיר. שֶׁמִּתּוֹךְ שֶׁבָּא אֶצְלָהּ מַשִּׂיאָהּ שֵׁם רַע. HALAKHAH: “One may not take a pledge from a widow, whether poor or rich,” etc. It was stated¹¹⁵In the Babylonian tradition, Babli 115a, Tosephta 10:10, R. Meїr’s opinion is attributed to R. Jehudah and R. Jehudah’s to R. Simeon. In Sifry Deut. 281, the first statement is anonymous as in the Mishnah; R. Simeon is quoted to the effect that no woman’s pledge can be returned since any woman’s reputation would be ruined by frequent visits by a man not married to her. This argument is incorporated into Pseudo-Jonathan’s Targum of Deuteronomy.24.17">Deut. 24:17.: “One may not take a pledge from a widow, whether poor or rich, since it was said¹¹²Deuteronomy.24.17">Deut. 24:17.: ‘And do not take a widow’s garment for a pledge’, whether poor or rich, the words of Rebbi Meїr. Rebbi Jehudah says, from a poor one he cannot take any pledge at all, from a rich one he may take a pledge but does not return it since if he came to her he would ruin her reputation.”

הַחוֹבֵל זוּג שֶׁלַּסַּפָּרִין עוֹבֵר עַל זֶה בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ וְעַל זֶה בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ. חָבַל אֶחָד מֵהֶן אֵינוֹ עוֹבֵר [אֶלָּא] עַל אֶחָד מֵהֶן. הַמְמַשְׁכֵּן צֶמֶד פָּרוֹת עוֹבֵר עַל זֶה בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ וְעַל זֶה בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ. מִישְׁכֵּן אֶחָד מֵהֶם אֵינוֹ עוֹבֵר אֶלָּא עַל אֶחָד מֵהֶן בִּלְבַד. ¹¹⁶For the Babylonian version, cf. Babli 116a, Tosephta 10:11. One who takes a pair of barber’s scissors¹¹⁷Since the scissors are indispensable to the barber’s livelihood, for him they are as important as is food and cannot be impounded. Even though the scissors only work as a pair (ζεῦγος), each blade separately is counted as a tool. The rules of items which cannot be taken are spelled out in Mishnah ‘Arakhin 6:3. transgresses for the two blades separately. If he took only one component, he transgresses for this one [only]^118,From E, missing in L, but implied by the last sentence of the paragraph.¹¹⁹Even though the part remaining in the barber’s hand is almost useless, the creditor may be punished only for one misdemeanor.. One who takes a yoke of cows¹²⁰From a farmer whose plough is drawn by a yoke of cows. transgresses for each one separately. If he took only one, he transgresses for this one only.