משנה: הַשּׁוֹאֵל אֶת הַפָּרָה וְשִׁילַּח לוֹ בְיַד בְּנוֹ וּבְיַד עַבְדּוֹ וּבְיַד שְׁלוּחוֹ אוֹ בְיַד בְּנוֹ בְּיַד עַבְדּוֹ בְּיַד שְׁלוּחוֹ שֶׁלַּשּׁוֹאֵל וָמֵתָה פָטוּר. אָמַר לוֹ הַשּׁוֹאֵל שַׁלְּחָהּ לִי בְּיַד בְּנִי וּבְיַד עַבְדִּי וּבְיַד שְׁלוּחִי אוֹ בְיַד בִּנְךָ אוּ בְיַד עַבְדְּךָ אוֹ בְיַד שְׁלוּחֲךָ אוֹ שֶׁאָמַר לוֹ הַמַּשְׁאִיל הֲרֵינִי מְשַׁלְּחָהּ לָךְ בְּיַד בְּנִי בְּיַד עַבְדִּי בְּיַד שְׁלוּחִי אוֹ בְיַד בִּנְךָ אוֹ בְיַד עַבְדְּךָ אוֹ בְיַד שְׁלוּחֲךָ וְאָמַר לוֹ הַשּׁוֹאֵל שַׁלַּח וְשִׁילְּחָהּ וָמֵתָה חַייָב. וְכֵן בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁמַּחֲזִירָהּ. MISHNAH: If somebody borrowed a cow and [the lender] sent it through his son, or his slave, or his agent, or through the borrower’s son, or slave, or agent, and it died, he is not liable¹⁷If everything is done on the lender’s initiative, the cow is not delivered until it reaches its destination; it still is under its owner’s control.. If the borrower said, send it to me through my son, or slave, or agent, or through your son, or slave, or agent, or if the lender said, I am going to send it to you through my son, or slave, or agent, or through your son, or slave, or agent, and the borrower said: send! If it died, he is liable¹⁸If the delivery is on the borrower’s initiative or explicit agreement, the cow is under the borrower’s control during delivery. If anything happened, he is liable.. The same holds when he returns it¹⁹The person on whose orders the delivery takes place carries the financial responsibility..

הלכה: הַשּׁוֹאֵל אֶת הַפָּרָה כול׳. תַּנֵּי. הַשְׁאִילֵינִי פָרָתָךְ עֲשָׂרָה יָמִים וְהִשָּׁאֵל לִי בָהֶן חֲמִשָּׁה יָמִים. מֵתָה. מִשִּׁיעְבּוּד הָרִאשׁוֹנִים. מִשִּׁיעְבּוּד הָאַחֲרוֹנִים מֵתָה. הַשְׁאִילֵנִי פָרָתָךְ עֲשָׂרָה יָמִים וְהִשָּׁאֵל לִי בָהֶם רִאשׁוֹנִים. מֵתָה בְתוֹךְ הָאַחֲרוֹנִים. מִשִּׁעְבּוּד הָרִאשׁוֹנִים מֵתָה. מִשִּׁיעְבּוּד הָאַחֲרוֹנִים מֵתָה. הַשְׁאִילֵינִי פָרָתָךְ לָאַחַר עֶשֶׂר יָמִים. אָמַר לֵיהּ. סַבָּהּ מִן כְּבָר. מֵתָה. מִשִּׁיעְבּוּד הָרִאשׁוֹנִים מֵתָה. מִשִּׁיעְבּוּד הָאַחֲרוֹנִים מֵתָה. HALAKHAH: It was stated: ‘Lend me your cow for ten days and you shall be lent to me⁹I. e., work with me during five days. the first five days.’ If it died, was it subject to the first days’ servitude? It died subject to the later days’ servitude¹⁰The text of L contradicts the principle established in Note 3. Therefore the text of E has to be accepted; the borrower has to pay for the dead cow.. ‘Lend me your cow for ten days and you shall be lent to me the first of these.’ If it died during the later days, was it subject to the first days’ servitude? it died subject to the later days’ servitude¹¹This second paragraph is an almost verbatim copy of the preceding; it should be deleted.. ‘Lend me your cow after ten days.’ The other one said, ‘take it now.’ If it died, was it subject to the first days’ servitude¹³The rhetorical question should be read in all three paragraphs.? It died subject to the later days’ servitude.

הַשְׁאִילֵינִי פָרָתָךְ וַאֲנִי נִשְׁאַל לָךְ. הַשְׁאִילֵינִי פָרָתָךְ וּבוֹא וַעֲשֵׂה עִמִּי. הַשְׁאִילֵינִי קַרְדּוֹמָךְ וּבוֹא וְנַכֵּשׁ עִמִּי. הַשְׁאִילֵינִי תַמְחוּייָךְ וּבוֹא וַאֲכוֹל עִמִּי. שְׁאָלָהּ מִן הַבַּייָר אוֹ מִן הַסַּנְטָר אוֹ מִן הָאֹיקוֹמֹנוֹס וָמֵתָה כְּמִי שֶׁהַבְּעָלִים עִמּוֹ. Lend me your cow and I shall respond to your request¹⁴It is not clear what this means. In the other three cases the borrower asks the owner to be with the animal, tool, or vessel; the biblical rule of the borrower applies. Therefore, one has to assume that in the first case also the borrower asks for animal and owner and is ready to reciprocate with his animal and time.; lend me your cow and come work with me; lend me your axe and come weed with me; lend me your plate and come eat with me. If he borrowed it from the superintendent of cisterns, the steward¹⁵Chapter 5, Note 138. The steward is the organizer of the work on the estate; the administrator (οἰκονόμος) is the paymaster and the accountant. On large estates, both could be slaves, cf. Bava batra 4:7., or the administrator and it died, it is as if the owners were with it¹⁶On an estate of absentee owners, the employees authorized to dispose of certain items do represent the owners. If the employee worked with the borrower, it is as if the owner worked with him..