משנה: אֵילּוּ אוֹכְלִין מִן הַתּוֹרָה. הָעוֹשֶׂה בִמְחוּבָּר לַקַּרְקַע בְּשָׁעַת גְּמַר מְלָאכָה וּבְתָלוּשׁ מִן הַקַּרְקַע עַד שֶׁלֹּא נִגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתָּן וּבְדָבָר שֶׁגִּידּוּלָיו מִן הָאָרֶץ. וְאֵילּוּ שֶׁאֵינָן אוֹכְלִין. הָעוֹשֶׂה בִמְחוּבָּר לַקַּרְקַע בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁאֵינָהּ גְּמַר מְלָאכָה וּבְתָלוּשׁ מִן הַקַּרְקַע מֵאַחַר שֶׁנִּגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתָּן וּבְדָבָר שֶׁאֵין גִּידּוּלָיו מִן הָאָרֶץ. הָיָה עוֹשֶׂה בְיָדוֹ אֲבָל לֹא בְרַגְלָיו בְּרַגְלָיו אֲבָל לֹא בְיָדָיו אֲפִילוּ בִּכְתֵיפוֹ הֲרֵי זֶה אוֹכֵל. רִבִּי יוֹסֵי בֵּי רִבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר עַד שֶׁיַּעֲשֶׂה בְיָדָיו וּבְרַגְלָיו. MISHNAH: The following eat by Torah law15The agricultural worker empowered by Deuteronomy.23.25-26">Deut. 23:25–26 to eat from grain and grapes.: He who works on produce connected to the ground at the completion of work16The only time he may eat from standing produce is at harvest time if he is occupied in harvesting., or separated from the ground before the completion of work17As long as the produce is not subject to the laws of tithing, i. e., ready to be stored., only things grown from the earth18The worker at a hydroponic farm has no right to eat from the produce, nor may the worker in a dairy drink from the milk..
But the following may not eat: He who works on produce connected to the ground before the completion of work19The agricultural worker during the growing season., or separated from the ground after the completion of work20The worker on food after it became subject to the laws of tithing., or things not grown from the earth18The worker at a hydroponic farm has no right to eat from the produce, nor may the worker in a dairy drink from the milk..
If he was working with his hand but not with his feet, with his feet but not with his hands, even with his shoulder, he may eat. Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Jehudah says, only if he works with hands and feet21Like the harvester of grain or grapes mentioned in the verse..
הלכה: אֵילּוּ אוֹכְלִין מִן הַתּוֹרָה כול׳. אָמַר רִבִּי לָא. כִּי תָבוֹא בְּכֶרֶם רֵעֶיךָ. וְכִי עָלַת עַל דַּעַת שֶׁיֹּאכַל עֵצִים וָאֲבָנִים. מַה תַלְמוּד לוֹמַר עֲנָבִים. שֶׁלֹּא יִקְלַף בַּתְּאֵינִים וִימַצְמֵץ בָּעֲנָבִים. HALAKHAH: “The following eat by Torah law,” etc. Rebbi La said, “if you come into your neighbor’s vineyard.22Deuteronomy.23.25">Deut. 23:25: “If you come into your neighbor’s vineyard, you may eat grapes to satisfy yourself.” What else is there to eat in a vineyard?” Could anybody think that he would eat wood or stones? Why does the verse say “grapes”? That he may not skin figs or suck grapes23Different, tannaïtic, arguments are in the Babli 87b; Ma‘śerot 2:7 (Notes 142–149); Sifry Deut. 266..
הָיָה עוֹשֶׂה בְיָדָיו אֲבָל לֹא בְרַגְלָיו. אָמַר רִבִּי לָא. כְּתִיב כִּי תָבֹא בְקָמַת רֵעֶיךָ וגו׳. תַּנֵּי. בְּיָדָיו אוֹ אוֹגֵד בְּרַגְלָיו מְקַמֵּץ אֲפִילוּ עַל כְּתֵיפוֹ טוֹעֵן. “If he was working with his hand but not with his feet.” Rebbi La said, it is written: “If you come into your neighbor’s standing grain,” etc.24Deuteronomy.23.26">Deut. 23:26. This quote is not followed up here; it refers to the discussion in Ma‘serot 2:6, Notes 122–123. With his hands, binding. With his feet, he compresses. Even with his shoulder, he carries.
רִבִּי יוֹסֵי בֵּי רִבִּי יוּדָה אוֹמֵר עַד שֶׁיַּעֲשֶׂה בְיָדָיו וְרַגְלָיו וְגוּפוֹ. יָצָא עוֹשֶׂה בְיָדָיו אֲבָל לֹא בְרַגְלָיו. בְּרַגְלָיו אֲבָל לֹא בְגוּפוֹ. 25Tosephta 8:7; Babli 91b; Ma‘serot 2:6, Note 117.“Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Jehudah says, only if he works with hands and feet; this excludes him who works with his hands but not with his feet, with his feet but not with his hands.”
רִבִּי יוֹסֵי בֵּירִבִּי יוּדָן אוֹמֵר דַּיִישׁ. מַה דַּיִישׁ מְיוּחָד דָּבָר שֶׁגִּידּוּלֵי קַרְקַע. יָצָא הַחוֹלֵב הַמְגַבֵּן הַמְחַבֵּץ שֶׁאֵין גִּידּוּלֵי קַרְקַע. מַה דַּיִישׁ מְיוּחָד דָּבָר שֶׁלֹֹּא נִגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתּוֹ. יָצָא הַיַּיִן מִשֶׁיִּקְפֶּה [וְהַשֶּׁמֶן] מִשֶׁיָרַד לָעוּקָה הַבּוֹדֵל בַּתְּמָרִים וְהַמְפָרֵד בַּגְּרוֹגֵרוֹת דָּבָר שֶׁנִּגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתּוֹ. מַה דַּיִישׁ שֶׁלֹּא בָא לְזִיקַת הַמַּעְשְׂרוֹת. יָצָא הַלָּשׁ וְהַמְקַטֵּף וְהָאוֹפֶה שֶׁבָּא לְזִיקַת מַעְשְׂרוֹת. 26Tosephta 8:7; Babli 89a; Ma‘serot 2:6, Notes 118–121. The argument refers to Deuteronomy.25.4">Deut. 25:4, the prohibition to muzzle the ox while he is threshing. It is declared that the rights of the laborer are no less than the rights of the ox. The other sources have an additional set of inferences which is quoted in E as:
דַּיַּיִשׁ מָה דַּיַּיִשׁ מְיוּחָד שֶׁהוּא תָּלוּשׁ מִן הַקַּרְקַע. יָצָא הַמְּעַדֵּר בַּגְּפָנִים הַמְּנַכֵּשׁ בְּשׁוּם וּבִבְצָלִים וְבָקַפְלוֹטִין דָּבָר שֶׁהוּא מְחוּבָּר לַקַּרְקַע.
Threshing, just as threshing is particular in that it applies to plucked [grain]. This excludes him who weeds among vines, weeds among garlic, and onions, and leeks, which are connected to the ground.
Since this text parallels a statement of the Tosephta and the Yerushalmi Ma‘serot but is formulated in the Yerushalmi Neziqin style, it has to be accepted as original; missing in L.“Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Jehudah says, threshing. Since threshing is special in that it refers to something grown from the earth, this excludes the one who milks, makes cheese with rennet or with mold, which is not something grown from the earth. Since threshing is special in that it refers to something not completely processed; this excludes wine after it was fermented, [olive oil]27From E, missing in L. after it descended into the vat, one who isolates dates or separates dried figs, done after complete processing. Since threshing comes before the obligation of tithes, this excludes him who kneads dough, separates into cakes, or bakes, which comes after it became obligated for tithes.”