Jerusalem Talmud Bava Batra 3:11

משנה: אֵין עוֹשִׂין חָלָל תַּחַת רְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים בּוֹרוֹת שִׁיחִין וּמְעָרוֹת. רִבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מַתִּיר כְּדֵי שֶׁתְּהֵא עֲגָלָה מְהַלֶּכֶת וּטְעוּנָה אֲבָנִים. אֵין מוֹצִיאִין זִיזִין וּכְּצוֹצְטֵרָאוֹת לִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים אֶלָּא אִם רָצָה כּוֹנֵס לְתוֹךְ שֶׁלּוֹ וּמוֹצִיא. לָקַח חָצֵר וּבָהּ זִיזִין וּכְּצוֹצְטֵרָאוֹת הֲרֵי זוֹ בְחֶזְקָתָהּ. MISHNAH: One makes no hollow under the public domain, cisterns, ditches, and caves. Rebbi Eliezer permits if a cart filled with stones can pass over it¹⁵⁵Even for private use. A person who owns two parcels separated by a road may connect them by a tunnel on condition that he build a bridge strong enough to carry all expected traffic (Bikkurim 1:1:7" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Bikkurim.1.1.7">Bikkurim 1:1, Note 20).. One does not build protrusions and balconies¹⁵⁶Greek ἐξώστρα, Latin exostra “gallery, lobby, balcony”. The Babylonian spelling is גזוזטרא. Mishnah Ahilut 14:1 defines a זיז as protrusion without a railing, גיזרא as one with a railing. above the public domain but if he wishes he builds inside his own property and adds them¹⁵⁷If the balconies do not extend over his property line, he may build on his property anything he wishes.. If somebody bought a courtyard and there are protrusions and balconies, that remains a right of possession¹⁵⁸The buyer may assume that originally the property extended into what is now public domain and the balconies were built legally; he does not have to investigate their legality..

הלכה: אֵין עוֹשִׂין חָלָל כול׳. נָֽפְלוּ וּמְבַקֵּשׁ לִבְנוֹתָן. רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן אָמַר. װִיתֵּר. רֵישׁ לָקִישׁ אָמַר. לֹא װִיתֵּר. מַתְנִיתָא מְסַייְעָה לְדֵין וּמַתְנִיתָא מְסַייְעָה לְדֵין. מַתְנִיתָא מְסַייְעָה לְרִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. מִי שֶׁהָֽיְתָה דֶרֶךְ הָרַבִּים עוֹבֶרֶת בְּתוֹךְ שָׂדֵהוּ וּנְטָלָהּ וְנָתַן לָהֶן מִן הַצַּד. מַה שֶׁנָּתַן נָתַן וּשֶׁלּוֹ לֹא הִגִּיעוֹ. מַתְנִיתָא מְסַייְעָה לְרֵישׁ לָקִישׁ. לָקַח חָצֵר וּבָהּ זִיזִין וּכְּצוֹצְטֵרָאוֹת וְנָֽפְלוּ בּוֹנֶה אוֹתָן כְּחֶזְקָתָן. HALAKHAH: “One makes no hollow,” etc. If they collapsed and he wants to rebuild¹⁵⁹This refers to the second part of the Mishnah. A person built a balcony above the public domain, i. e., he built inside his property and gave over the ground under the balcony to public use.. Rebbi Joḥanan said, he gave up his rights¹⁶⁰Since the strip which he surrendered is now in public use, if the balcony collapses the wall now borders the public domain; the Mishnah prohibits him from rebuilding. The Babli 60b agrees with the characterization of the opinions of R. Joḥanan and R. Simeon ben Laqish.. Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish said, he did not give up his rights. A Mishnah supports one, a baraita supports the other. A Mishnah supports Rebbi Joḥanan¹⁶¹Bava Batra 6:4:1" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Bava_Batra.6.4.1">Mishnah 6:7.: “If a public road went through somebody’s field and he took it and gave them on the side¹⁶²He ploughed the road under and made a new road on the side of his field. The public has not lost its right of way through his field.. What he gave, he gave, but his own did not come to him.” A baraita supports Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish¹⁶³Tosephta 2:17.: “If somebody bought a courtyard and there are protrusions and balconies, if they collapsed he rebuilds them based on his right of possession.”